Reign of Remse

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The rule Remse was to the 19th century under the patrimonial jurisdiction of the lords of Schoenburg standing under County electoral Saxon suzerainty . It developed from the possession of the Remse Monastery, which was dissolved in 1533, and is now located in the Saxon district of Zwickau .

Until the end of the Saxon constitution of offices in 1856, the Remse rule formed the spatial reference point for the demand for sovereign taxes and compulsory services , for the police , jurisdiction and army successes . The administrative seat was the Remse Monastery in Remse , which was converted into a castle .

Geographical location

The small area of ​​the Remse rule was located in a narrow strip on both sides of the Zwickauer Mulde between Glauchau in the southwest and Waldenburg in the northeast. As the southernmost of the Schoenburg feudal lords under Saxon supremacy, Remse was between the Schoenburg recess lords of Glauchau in the south-west and Waldenburg in the north-east. In the north-west there were smaller parcels of land separated from the core area and some parcels of the adjacent administrative units. In this range, the rule Remse bordered on the district office Altenburg of Duchy Saxony-Altenburg and the under-Saxon supremacy beautiful burg seignories Ziegelheim and Tirschheim (only one Exklave ). The patrimonial court of Oberlungwitz Abbey (two parcels), which was also under the control of Saxony and was administered by the Remse rule from 1592, was located as an exclave east of the Lichtenstein rule in Schönburg . In the south, the Abbey of Oberlungwitz borders on the Saxon office of Stollberg .

The area of ​​the former rule of Remse is now in the northern part of the Saxon district of Zwickau . Today the places belong to the cities of Waldenburg and Glauchau as well as to the communities of Remse , Schönberg and Oberwiera . Oberlungwitz Abbey belongs to the town of Oberlungwitz in the east of the Zwickau district.

Adjacent administrative units

The information relates to the core area of ​​the Remse rule.

Kreisampt Altenburg , basic rule Ziegelheim , basic rule Tirschheim (Exklave)
Altenburg district office Neighboring communities Reign of Waldenburg
Lordship of Glauchau

history

"Red stick", presumed remnant of the Remse monastery church ( Westwerk )

Remse monastery (1143 to 1533)

That because of its red color of the building material used as a Red floor designated Benedictine -Nonnenkloster in Remse north of Glauchau to by a donation from the Roman-German king Conrad III. in 1143 as a subsidiary of the Bürgel Monastery near Jena . The name Remse has been documented for this since 1216 . The basis for the economic consolidation of the complex was a donation of 100 Königshufen cleared land (around 50 hectares) to the right and left of the Zwickauer Mulde near Waldenburg and eight villages to the mother monastery in Bürgel. Due to the foundation made by the German king, the monastery was directly imperial and was under the king's patronage.

Although the Remse Monastery was not legally independent, it was economically independent. In 1254 it acquired its own bailiwick law , which allowed it to choose its patron. The economy of the monastery, however, was low, although there were other villages in the surrounding area ( Weidensdorf , Kertzsch , Kleinchursdorf , Wickersdorf (partly up to 1488), Swabia (partly up to 1488), Oertelshain , Oberwinkel , Ebersbach , Grumbach (until 1495), Reichenbach (1243 –1488), Oberwiera (share from 1365), the manor Tettau with Tettau , Oberdorf and Wünschendorf (1492)) was able to acquire.

From 1254, the lords of Waldenburg and from 1375/1378 the lords of Schönburg claimed patronage (Vogteirecht) over the Remse monastery, which the abbot of the Bürgel monastery tried to ward off. The disputes between the Schönburgers and the monastery, especially about goods and their use, were finally settled through a compromise. The Schönburgers were u. a. allowed hunting on the right bank of the Zwickauer Mulde. Due to the division of Leipzig in 1485, the Remse monastery and its property belonged to the Ernestine Electorate of Saxony . Following disputes between the monastery Remse and the Lords of Schönburg took place in 1488 in Torgau judgment by the Saxon Elector Frederick the Wise of encouragement from Tirschheim , Reichenbach and minority Wickersdorf and Swabia at Ernst von Schoenburg. These places, which were under electoral suzerainty , were from then on administered as the Tirschheim manor by the Schönburg lordship .

At the beginning of the 15th century, the Remse monastery flourished to a certain extent due to the constant acquisition of real estate. As a result of the Peasants' War , the last Benedictine abbot von Bürgel left his monastery in 1525 and went to the daughter monastery in Remse in order to receive support from there. The Bürgel monastery was closed in 1526. The daughter monastery Remse was formally dissolved in the course of the introduction of the Reformation in the Ernestine Electorate of Saxony and the secularization of spiritual property in 1533 by the Saxon Elector Johann Friedrich I. The nuns were free to leave or stay in what was now the domain . In the second case they had to take off their religious clothes and obey the orders of the visitors . In the following years the monastery church fell into disrepair.

The rule of Remse (1533 to 1856)

Ten years later, the Rems monastery property used as the electoral domain went into the lords' fiefdom at the same time as the offices of Penig and Wechselburg , which were exchanged for the Schönburg offices of Hohnstein , Lohmen , Wehlen in Saxon Switzerland and the rule of Kriebstein near Mittweida in 1543 from Schönburg over. State sovereignty remained with the Electorate of Saxony. By acquiring the rule of Remse, which was remote from the Electoral Saxon point of view, the Lords of Schönburg were able to close a gap between the Schönburg dominions of Glauchau and Waldenburg . The Lords of Schönburg initially used the former monastery as a manor . The castle-like reconstruction took place later. However, the Lords of Schönburg rarely resided in the building, which had fallen into disrepair after 1750.

The acquisition of the Remse rule in 1543 took place at a time when the three sons Georg I von Schönburg-Glauchau (1529–1585), Hugo I von Schönburg-Waldenburg (1530–1566), and Wolf II von Schönburg -Penig (1532–1581) of Ernst II von Schönburg (* 1486, † 1534), who died in 1534, were represented by two guardians. This situation lasted until 1550, when Georg I von Schönburg-Glauchau took over the business of government for his brothers. On May 1, 1556, the three brothers concluded a family contract on the division of the Schoenburg dominions. The rule of Remse came together with the rule of Glauchau to Georg I von Schönburg-Glauchau (1529–1585), who founded the Schönburg-Glauchau line. Under Georg's son August (us) von Schönburg-Glauchau (1583-1610) the purchase of Oberlungwitz Abbey took place in 1592 , which had previously belonged to the free float of the Grünhain monastery , which was secularized in 1536 and the Grünhain office that followed it. The purchase was made as compensation for the Schönburg house monastery of Geringswalde, which was ceded to the Electorate of Saxony in 1590 . Since the Oberlungwitz Abbey was a manor from the Electorate of Saxony , the Lords of Schönburg formed their own patrimonial court from it , which was subordinated to the Remse rule. Due to the sudden death of the childless August von Schönburg, the Schönburg-Glauchau line became extinct in 1610 in the second generation. After a five-year conflict, Wolf Ernst von Schönburg-Remissau (1582–1623) bought the lords of Glauchau and Remse in 1615, which, however, increased his debts significantly. Presumably this was one reason for the murder of his brother Otto Wilhelm von Schönburg (1587–1617) on November 28, 1617 at Hinterglauchau Castle . After the death of Wolf Ernst von Schönburg-Remissau in 1623, his siblings tried to exclude Wolf Ernst's son Gottfried Ernst von Schönburg-Remissau († 1679) from the line of succession. At the instigation of Kursachsen, however, in 1628 they had to contractually agree to re-join the family. After Gottfried Ernst von Schönburg-Remissau came of age, he acquired full inheritance rights in the Schönburg-Glauchau line in 1647. At first he only received the Gut Berthelsdorf and in 1655 the rule of Remse, where he also moved his residence. The rule of Remse had come to Gottfried Ernst's uncle Christian von Schönburg-Penig (1598–1664) in 1651. In 1661 Gottfried Ernst received a third of the Glauchau rule and, after Christian von Schönburg's death in 1664, the Rochsburg rule . Since the properties marked due to the effects of the last Thirty Years War did not offer sufficient income, he tried in vain in 1659 to sell the Remse estate again. From 1666 to 1671 the farmers from Pfaffroda refused to let his sheep graze on their fields during the so-called "Pfaffroda Hat and Trift War".

After the death of Gottfried Ernst von Schönburg-Remissau in 1679, his two sons Christian Ernst von Schönburg-Remissau (1655–1718) and August Ernst von Schönburg-Remissau (1666–1729) received the dominions of Rochsburg and Remse, as well as after the partition contract the rule Glauchau in 1681 the rule Hinterglauchau (4/9 of the area) together. During the fraternal division in 1689, Christian Ernst von Schönburg-Remissau retained the dominions of Hinterglauchau and Remse, while his brother August Ernst von Schönburg, who died childless in 1729, was given the dominion of Rochsburg. Under Christian Ernst's sons, the division was designed in such a way that the eldest son, Otto Ernst von Schönburg-Remissau (1681–1746) secured a share in the Hinterglauchau dominion in exchange for a severance payment to his three younger brothers, while the other three brothers took over the rule Remse received with Oberlungwitz Abbey. However, since these three brothers died unmarried, the Remse reign including the Oberlungwitz Abbey and the Hinterglauchau reign passed to Otto Ernst's three sons. The first brother, Heinrich Ernst von Schönburg-Rochsburg (1711–1777) received the Rochsburg rule. The second brother, Albert Christian Ernst von Schönburg-Hinterglauchau (1720–1799), an opponent of the 1740 recession , was able to secure the sole shares in the Hinterglauchau rule. The third brother, Johann Ernst von Schönburg, received the rule of Remse with Oberlungwitz Abbey. From this they bought his cousins, the brothers Carl Heinrich III in 1787. Count von Schönburg (1757–1815) and Wilhelm Albrecht Heinrich von Schönburg-Fordglauchau (1762–1815). Due to high indebtedness, they had to sell the Remse estate including the Oberlungwitz Abbey in 1793 to the Dresden merchant and banker, as well as to the Saxon court chamber councilor Christian Friedrich Freiherr von Gregory . In 1797 Prince Otto Carl Friedrich von Schönburg-Stein bought back the Remse rulership, including the Oberlungwitz Abbey. The rule of Remse with the court of Oberlungwitz Abbey came under the administration of the princely , upper line Schönburg-Waldenburg , which subsequently led Otto Carl Friedrich's son Otto Victor I von Schönburg (1785-1859).

Due to the Saxon state and feudal sovereignty over the rule of Remse and the court of Oberlungwitz Abbey, the rulership rights of the Lords of Schönburg in this area were only of a manorial nature. They had the character of a patrimonial court and were the administration of the Electoral Saxon or Royal Saxon Office of Zwickau assumed. Regarding jurisdiction, the Princely Schönburg Justice Office in Remse existed at the beginning of the 19th century , to which the following Schönburg possessions belonged under Saxon sovereignty: Rule Remse with the court Abbey Oberlungwitz , Grundherrschaft Tirschheim , Grundherrschaft Ziegelheim and the patrimonial court Mühlau belonging to the manor Callenberg . In terms of financial taxes, the Remse rule had belonged to the Rent Office of the Schönburg recession of Waldenburg since 1797 . Due to the former affiliation to the Grünhain monastery, Oberlungwitz Abbey was subordinate to the administration of the Grünhain office after the sale to the Lords of Schönburg due to the electoral suzerainty . From 1816, Oberlungwitz Abbey and Remse belonged to the royal Saxon office of Zwickau with regard to the Saxon suzerainty .

Due to the Saxon Constitution passed in 1831 and the resulting legal standardization of the Kingdom of Saxony , an administrative reorganization of the state territory was also necessary. By ordinance of April 6, 1835, the rule of Remse and the Zwickau office were assigned to the second administrative authority of the Zwickau district directorate. The Schönburg recess rulers, on the other hand, to which the rule Waldenburg also belonged, were administered by the Schönburg chancellery director to Glauchau within the Zwickau district directorate. The judicial district of Oberlungwitz, which was separated from the rulership of Remse, was incorporated into the royal Saxon office of Stollberg in 1836 .

On September 25, 1856, the judicial powers of the lordship of Remse and the manors of Tirschheim and Ziegelheim were ceded to the Saxon state. The associated places were administered by the Remse court office until the administration in the Kingdom of Saxony was reorganized in 1875 . From 1875, the places of the judicial district of Remse belonged to the Zwickau district administration . In contrast, Oberlungwitz Abbey was assigned to the Stollberg court office in 1856 and to the Chemnitz administration in 1875 . After an administrative reform was carried out in the area of ​​the Schönburg recession in 1878, the places of the former rulership of Remse with the entire former judicial district of Remse as well as the Abbey of Oberlungwitz came to the newly founded Saxon governorate of Glauchau in 1880 .

The Remse manor, on the other hand, belonged to the princes of Schönburg-Waldenburg until the land reform in the Soviet occupation zone in 1945 and the associated expropriation.

Associated places

Villages

(1)The other shares belonged to the Wettin dominion of Wolkenburg and the Schönburg dominion of Waldenburg .
(2)The other part of the village belonged to the Altenburg district office ( Duchy of Saxony-Altenburg .)
(3)The other part of the village belonged to the Glauchau rule ( Schönburg rule ).
(4)The other part of the village belonged to the rule of Waldenburg ( Schönburg rule ).

Monasteries, castles, manors and farms

Patrimonial Court of Oberlungwitz Abbey (1592–1836)

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Swabia on the website of the city of Waldenburg
  2. ↑ Grumbach on the website of the community of Callenberg
  3. ^ Reichenbach on the website of the municipality of Callenberg
  4. ↑ Description of the community of Schönberg and its districts (PDF; 3.5 MB) on a private website, p. 71
  5. ^ Reichenbach on the website of the municipality of Callenberg
  6. ^ Swabia on the website of the city of Waldenburg
  7. ^ Georg I von Schönburg-Glauchau in the Saxon Biography
  8. ^ Hugo I. von Schönburg-Waldenburg in the Saxon biography
  9. ^ Wolf II von Schönburg-Penig in the Saxon Biography
  10. ↑ Ernst II von Schönburg in the Saxon biography
  11. ^ August von Schönburg-Glauchau in the Saxon Biography
  12. ^ The Oberlungwitz Abbey in the State Archives of the Free State of Saxony
  13. ^ Wolf Ernst von Schönburg-Remissau in the Saxon biography
  14. ^ Otto Wilhelm von Schönburg in the Saxon biography
  15. ^ Wolf Ernst von Schönburg-Remissau in the Saxon biography
  16. ↑ Christian von Schönburg in the Saxon Biography
  17. ↑ Reiner Groß: Schönburgische Geschichte. A timetable. (Brochure), edited by Britta Günther, Michael Wetzel, Tommy Schmucker, Chemnitz 2005, ( DNB 974872156 ?), P. 22, without ISBN
  18. ^ Count Christian Ernst von Schönburg in the Saxon biography
  19. ↑ Count August Ernst von Schönburg in the Saxon biography
  20. ^ Otto Ernst von Schönburg-Remissau in the Saxon Biography
  21. ↑ Glauchau Castle on Wikisource
  22. ^ Albert Christian Ernst von Schönburg-Hinterglauchau in the Saxon biography
  23. ↑ Carl Heinrich III. Count von Schönburg in the Saxon biography
  24. ^ Wilhelm Albrecht Heinrich von Schönburg-Fordglauchau in the Saxon Biography
  25. ^ Otto Carl Friedrich in the Saxon biography
  26. ^ The Mühlau Patrimonial Court in the State Archives of the Free State of Saxony
  27. ^ Components of the Remse Justice Office in the "Handbuch der Geographie", p. 410
  28. ↑ “Complete State, Post and Newspaper Lexicon of Saxony”, Volume 1, p. 4f.
  29. ↑ Book “The Globe and Its Peoples. Description of the Kingdom of Saxony ”, Oberlungwitz Abbey on p. 246 and Reign of Remse on p. 326
  30. ^ Description of the Zwickau district directorate, p. 193
  31. ↑ Oberlungwitz Abbey in the “Handbuch der Geographie”, p. 96
  32. ↑ The Glauchau administrative authority in the municipal register 1900