Oberlungwitz
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Coordinates: 50 ° 47 ' N , 12 ° 43' E |
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| Basic data | ||
| State : | Saxony | |
| County : | Zwickau | |
| Height : | 350 m above sea level NHN | |
| Area : | 14.68 km 2 | |
| Residents: | 5864 (Dec. 31, 2019) | |
| Population density : | 399 inhabitants per km 2 | |
| Postal code : | 09353 | |
| Area code : | 03723 | |
| License plate : | Z, GC, HOT, WDA | |
| Community key : | 14 5 24 230 | |
| LOCODE : | ORZ | |
City administration address : |
Hofer Strasse 203 09353 Oberlungwitz |
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| Website : | ||
| Mayor : | Thomas Hetzel (independent) | |
| Location of the city of Oberlungwitz in the district of Zwickau | ||
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Oberlungwitz is a town in the east of the Zwickau district in Saxony , which gained importance as the center of the hosiery industry. The Sachsenring is partly on Oberlungwitzer Flur.
geography
Geographical location
Oberlungwitz is located in the Ore Mountains Basin in the valley of the Lungwitzbach . The "Hirschgrund" nature reserve is located in the south of the village.
Neighboring places
| Hohenstein-Ernstthal | ||
| Bernsdorf |
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Chemnitz |
| Gersdorf | Lugau |
Regarding the landmarks , Oberlungwitz borders in the north on Hohenstein-Ernstthaler districts Hohenstein , Ernstthal and Wüstenbrand , in the east on the Chemnitz districts Grüna and Mittelbach in the south on the Lugau districts Ursprung and Erlbach , in the southwest on the community of Gersdorf and in the west on the Bernsdorf district Hermsdorf .
history
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Oberlungwitz was in 1273 under the name "Lunckwitz" in connection with the spin-off of the local part Abbey (also: department joke ) (also: Lung joke Long Lungwitz ) after grünhain abbey first mentioned in documents. Since January 1, 1890, the later parishes of Oberlungwitz and Abtei have been reunited.
The oldest lords of Oberlungwitz were those of Waldenburg , later followed by the Schönburger , who also acquired the abbey in 1592. Then belonging to the Lichtenstein office , Oberlungwitz had the right to brew beer even before the Reformation (the last brewery closed in 1955). Due to the strong industrial development, especially the textile and hosiery industry and mechanical engineering, and the associated increase in the number of inhabitants (9584 at that time), Oberlungwitz received town charter on January 22, 1936.
The Thirty Years War brought hardship and the plague to Oberlungwitz. Between the use and the desert fire , a battle between the Swedes and the Imperialists took place on May 31, 1640. After the end of the war, Oberlungwitz was almost in ruins.
Since 1683 a mail route ran through Oberlungwitz, initially mounted, then “driving” via stagecoach. Mining was carried out between 1826 and 1846, mainly hard coal was mined, for example in the Philippschacht . On July 15, 1843, the Emma Hospital , donated by Prince Viktor von Schönburg, opened . The volunteer gymnastics fire brigade was founded in 1860 , as fire fighting in Oberlungwitz was very poorly trained. The first pharmacy opened on May 13, 1863 and is known today as the Löwen-Apotheke .
Since 1898, Oberlungwitz was gradually connected to the electricity network of the power station that went into operation on October 2 of the same year, which also supplied the Hohenstein-Ernstthal-Oelsnitz tram with electricity from February 16, 1913 and generated electricity for Oberlungwitz and the surrounding area until 1964. The first omnibus line was opened on April 5, 1911 between the Gasthof Hirsch and the Nikolai train station in Chemnitz, serving six other stops on today's federal highway 173 .
Since March 5, 1933, Oberlungwitz was under the power of the NSDAP . Mayor Riedel was replaced by Helmut Herrl (NSDAP). The following World War II survived Oberlungwitz largely undamaged. American troops occupied the city on April 14, 1945, and left it to the Soviet Army a little later as part of the redemption of the Potsdam Agreement , which made Oberlungwitz part of the GDR territory in 1949 .
After 1945, the industry was largely expropriated and converted into state- owned companies (VEB). The craft merged into production cooperatives (PGH). Farm operations were subordinated to the LPG . In 1958 the so-called “mud houses” were built on Robert-Koch-Strasse, and in 1962 the “settlement of peace”. Between 1978 and 1983, apartment blocks were built using prefabricated panels on Robert-Koch-Straße.
On January 1, 1999, parts of the urban area were incorporated into the city of Hohenstein-Ernstthal .
On November 6, 2011, a of the citizens' initiative for a joint city -initiated referendum on the question whether Oberlungwitz with Hohenstein-Ernstthal to the city voluntarily Sachsenring should merge, performed. The union was rejected by 55% of voters.
Former location of Oberlungwitz Abbey
For centuries, the "Abbey" was a separate place between (Ober) lungwitz and Erlbach , that is, southeast of (Ober) lungwitz. Other common names / spellings were e.g. B. Abtey, Department joke or Abteioberlungwitz.
Oberlungwitz was in 1273 under the name "Lunckwitz" in connection with the spin-off of the local part Abbey (also: department joke ) (also: Lung joke Long Lungwitz ) after grünhain abbey first mentioned in documents. On March 20, 1592, the gentlemen von Schönburg bought Abteioberlungwitz together with the Vorwerk Zschocken and parts of Oelsnitz from the Grünhain monastery. Abteioberlungwitz then belongs to the lordship of Remse , the Electoral Saxon fiefdom of the Lords of Schönburg has been in existence since October 9, 1543. This lordship with Abteioberlungwitz is owned by the Schönburg- Hinterglauchau line . The map of the Schönburg dominions , which was published after 1750 by the widow of the publisher and copperplate engraver Johann George Schreiber in Leipzig, lists "Abtey" southeast of Oberlunckwitz and assigns the Abtey to the Schönburg dominion of Remse. On January 12, 1793, Carl Heinrich von Schönburg-Hinterglauchau sold the Remse estate with Abteioberlungwitz to Baron Christian Friedrich von Gregori. In 1797 Otto Carl Friedrich von Schönburg-Waldenburg bought the Remse estate back for the Schönburgers. In 1830 the Schönburger founded the “Marienstiftung”, which takes care of orphans. In 1832 they founded the "Henriettenstiftung", which covers funeral costs for family members of the sick and the poor. Both foundations are active in Abteioberlungwitz and other places of the Schönburg dominions of Waldenburg, Lichtenstein and Remse.
With the opening of the Chemnitz - Zwickau section of the Dresden – Werdau railway line, Hohenstein-Ernstthal station was opened to traffic on November 15, 1858 . Initially, however, the station belonged neither to Hohenstein nor to Ernstthal , but to Oberlungwitz Abbey. The station property was later bought by Hohenstein.
Since January 1, 1890, the later parishes of Oberlungwitz and Abtei have been reunited.
Population development
On October 3, 1990 Oberlungwitz had 7787 inhabitants. The following population figures refer to December 31 of the previous year:
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1998 to 2002
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2003 to 2007
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since 2008
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Source: State Statistical Office of the Free State of Saxony
Industrial history
The history of Oberlungwitz is shaped by the development of the city into one of the world's most important locations for the hosiery and stocking machine industry in the 19th and 20th centuries. The close cooperation between the hosiery industry and local machine construction created the best conditions for the development and perfection of the production of stockings. Finely knitted stockings and the cotton machines from Oberlungwitz that were necessary for their industrial production enjoyed a worldwide reputation in the first decades of the 20th century. Five machine factories from Chemnitz, Hohenstein-Ernstthal and Oberlungwitz shared 75% of the world production of cotton machines.
Beginnings: Development 1741-1830
The stocking weaver Samuel Uhlig is considered to be the founder of the hosiery industry in Oberlungwitz . In 1731 he first used a hand-held rolling chair to make stockings. On a commercial basis, Ehrenfried Fischer ran the hosiery from 1741.
blossom
The hosiery and hosiery machine industry in Oberlungwitz had its heyday around 1830. Even then, Oberlungwitz was considered one of the most important industrial locations for the hosiery industry. It owes its success, among other things, to numerous mechanical engineering inventions and further developments that made it possible to rationalize the production of very finely knitted stockings. This development took place via round chairs, Paget machines, circular knitting machines and cotton machines. The product range in Oberlungwitz was expanded from 1842 to include the manufacture of stockings and the manufacture of jersey and gloves. There was a printing press in the village from 1889, and a diamond black dyeing factory from 1893.
The development of the cotton machine
The locksmith Friedrich Wilhelm Lieberknecht came to Oberlungwitz on his wandering in 1830, settled here and produced round chairs. His sons had great success with Paget machines. His grandson Richard Lieberknecht and his employees developed the Cottonmachine up to the KALIO complete machine. This complete machine made it possible to work the entire stocking with heel, double edge and fully formed in one operation and was in great demand all over the world. The finest silk stockings with a mesh density of up to 66 meshes on 38.1 mm could be produced on it. This required the highest precision and reliability.
Quilt factory Arthur Junghannß
Arthur Junghannß gave many people work before, during and after World War II . He worked his way up from the bottom to become a respected manufacturer, kept his company going for many decades and was expropriated by the communists in the mid-1970s; the company was nationalized. Junghannß could not cope with this and died after a stroke in June 1978.
World wars and interwar period
The recession in World War I caused a decline in production in the hosiery industry, but this was overcome again in the following years. After that, however, as a result of the hosiery industries that were now established abroad, there was a noticeable decline of almost a third. When Hitler came to power, many, especially small, companies got into trouble. They had carried out their exports mainly through Jewish wholesalers who now no longer wanted to purchase from Germany. According to the statistics of the German Reich in 1928, 870 stocking-knitting factories with 57,073 employees insured by the employers' liability insurance association were recorded in Saxony, and 35 million dozen pairs of stockings were produced.
The best-known and most important company in Oberlungwitz was ELBEO, founded by Louis Bahner and managed by his three sons Johannes, Ernst and Karl from 1914 to 1945. Before the start of the Second World War, ELBEO was the largest German stocking factory with 2,800 employees. After the war, Ernst Bahner rebuilt the ELBEO company in Augsburg in 1946. Herman Bahner, who had only come to the West with his family in 1948, took care of the Mannheim branch and Johannes Bahner later in Kiel. Karl Bahner and his family settled in Lauingen and manufactured stumps under the “Bi” brand. Friedrich Tauscher, FTO, Günther, and Robert Götze, ROGO, whose predecessors had been making stockings in Oberlungwitz since 1864, were also important. The E. Fischer family produced the finest jerseys, especially fashionable swimsuits from the “Goldfisch” brand, which was continued in Argentina (Buenos Aires) after the war.
The Oberlungwitz stocking industry was badly affected by the global economic crisis, and unemployment rose. With the outbreak of the Second World War, the most important export markets for the Oberlungwitz industry ceased to exist, for example in the USA, Great Britain and France, which had provided a decisive basis for sales. Under National Socialist rule, the machinery of almost all factories had to be converted to armament purposes.
post war period
After the end of the Second World War, part of the machine park of the Oberlungwitzer stocking machine industry was dismantled by order of the Soviet occupying forces and transported to the Soviet Union. The premises of the machine factory KALIO (formerly Karl Lieberknecht KG) were used by the Soviet and later the Russian army as a tank repair shop until 1992. Some of the Oberlungwitz entrepreneurial families relocated their production sites to the American occupation zone after the war. Other families were captured and died in Soviet camps.
As the most important post-war company, VEB Feinstrumpfwerke Oberlungwitz was established on January 1, 1953, and was affiliated with the United Feinstrumpfwerke Thalheim between 1970 and 1982. The company has been operating under the name ROGO-Strumpfwerke GmbH since 1992.
Oberlungwitz was also the seat of the GDR sporting goods manufacturer Sporett .
politics
City council
Since the municipal council election on May 25, 2014 , the 18 seats of the city council have been distributed among the individual groups as follows:
Acting mayor is Thomas Hetzel (non-party).
Community partnerships
Since October 1992 there has been a partnership with the now dissolved Palatinate Verbandsgemeinde Dudenhofen .
coat of arms
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The city saint of Oberlungwitz, St. Martin , has always been related to the town's seal. After 1945 the city had no official coat of arms, since the 1980s the legally non-binding signet consisting of four fields showed a red town hall in the first field. With the political change, the revision appeared inevitable. Today's unheraldic-looking city coat of arms has been in official use since 1992 and shows, divided between the green-white-red flanks, in the upper half on a green background, Saint Martin on a horse, at his feet a beggar with whom he carries his red one Coat divides. On the lower half stands the Lamb of God with a white cross flag and a green Latin cross on a red background .
traffic
The B 173 runs through Oberlungwitz in an east-west direction and the B 180 in a north-south direction. The closest train stations are Hohenstein-Ernstthal and Wüstenbrand on the Dresden – Werdau line . This affects Oberlungwitz to the north. Between 1913 and 1960 the Hohenstein-Ernstthal-Oelsnitz tram ran in the valley of the Goldbach . To the west of Oberlungwitz were the Goldbach-Restaurant , Weiche 1 (operating point), Flechsig and Lungwitzbachbrücke stops .
Attractions
- the Abbey church was built in 1747 and 1748
Personalities
- Emil Hugo Tippmar (1885–1954), textile entrepreneur in Switzerland
- Dietrich Bahner senior (1913–1987), entrepreneur and politician
- Werner Arnold (* 1931), weightlifter
- Günther Wieland (1931–2004), Attorney General of the GDR
- Klaus Hennig (* 1936), physicist
- Eberhard Schulze (* 1940), agricultural scientist
- Klaus Sommer (1943–2000), pop singer
- Gerd Herold (* 1945), internist and occupational physician
- Arthur Heinrich Schulze (* 1945), puppeteer
literature
- Richard Hommel: "Chronicle of Oberlungwitz", Hohenstein-Ernstthal, 1935
- Oberlungwitz Abbey . In: August Schumann : Complete State, Post and Newspaper Lexicon of Saxony. 1st volume. Schumann, Zwickau 1814, pp. 4-5.
- Oberlungwitz . In: August Schumann : Complete State, Post and Newspaper Lexicon of Saxony. 7th volume. Schumann, Zwickau 1820, pp. 610–615.
- Rut Lieberknecht and Johanna Günther: Stockings from Saxony. In: Blätter für die Sächsische Heimatkunde, communications from the study group for Saxon history and culture. V. Jg. 1985/86, pp. 27-36.
- Richard Steche : Oberlungwitz. In: Descriptive representation of the older architectural and art monuments of the Kingdom of Saxony. 13. Issue: Glauchau District Authority . CC Meinhold, Dresden 1890, p. 27.
Web links
- Official website of the city of Oberlungwitz
- Oberlungwitz in the Digital Historical Directory of Saxony
- Oberlungwitz Abbey in the Digital Historical Directory of Saxony
Individual evidence
- ↑ Population of the Free State of Saxony by municipalities on December 31, 2019 ( help on this ).
- ↑ The Hirschgrund landscape protection area on the Zwickau district website
- ↑ Free Press of November 7, 2011: Sachsenring-Stadt fails with voters: Oberlungwitzer do not want to form a joint city with Hohenstein-Ernstthal
- ↑ Reiner Groß: Schönburgische Geschichte, Eine Zeittafel , editors: Britta Günther, Michael Wetzel, Tommy Schmucker, Chemnitz 2005, p. 18
- ↑ Reiner Groß: Schönburgische Geschichte, Eine Zeittafel , editors: Britta Günther, Michael Wetzel, Tommy Schmucker, Chemnitz 2005, p. 15
- ↑ Reiner Groß: Schönburgische Geschichte, Eine Zeittafel , editors: Britta Günther, Michael Wetzel, Tommy Schmucker, Chemnitz 2005, map of the Schönburgischen lordships on the back cover
- ↑ Reiner Groß: Schönburgische Geschichte, Eine Zeittafel , editors: Britta Günther, Michael Wetzel, Tommy Schmucker, Chemnitz 2005, p. 30
- ↑ Reiner Groß: Schönburgische Geschichte, Eine Zeittafel , editors: Britta Günther, Michael Wetzel, Tommy Schmucker, Chemnitz 2005, p. 32
- ↑ Historical reviews from the city archive ( Memento from May 15, 2013 in the web archive archive.today )
- ↑ Results of the 2014 municipal council elections