Johann Reinhard Bünker

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
JR Bünker around 1900

Johann Reinhard Bünker and János Rajnárd Bünker (born April 25, 1863 in Seebach near Seeboden , Carinthia , † November 13, 1914 in Ödenburg ) was a teacher and folklorist . He is considered one of the most important folklorists in southeast Germany and was one of the first folklore explorers of the Heanzenland . In the thirty years of his activity (1885-1914) he dealt with farmhouse research and folklore in the area of ​​today's Burgenland, Carinthia, Poland and Slovenia). He collected folk poetry and worked in the Sopron Museum. He published in German and Hungarian.

Life

JR Bünker with his wife Josephine and son Waldemar
Party 1914
Municipal Museum 1901–1914 directed by JR Bünker

Bünker was born as the fourth of the five children of Jakob and Elisabeth Bünker in Seebach and was baptized as a Protestant on May 14, 1863 in Unterhaus above Seeboden . His father was a master dyer who had been brought to his red dye works in Carinthia's Seebach by the Swiss manufacturer Jakob Rikkli in 1844. This traditionally evangelical family came from among others. a. the poet and pastor Otto Bünker (1916–2001), the poet Bernhard C. Bünker (1948–2010) and the theologian Michael Bünker . From 1869 to 1873 Johann Reinhard went to the Protestant elementary school in Unterhaus, and from 1874 to 1875 to that of Spittal an der Drau . From 1876 to 1881 he attended the Protestant teacher training institute in Oberschützen , which brought him to Burgenland , then part of the Kingdom of Hungary . From 1882 he learned Hungarian and worked as an educator. From 1890 he was a Protestant teacher in Ödenburg. In 1891 he completed a handicraft course ( craft lessons ) in Leipzig. In that year he married the Swiss citizen Josefine Möhle. From 1892 Bünker was a drawing teacher at the kuk officier-daughters-education-institute in Ödenburg . From 1890 he worked for the general teachers' association in Ödenburg, and since 1894 as secretary of the Ödenburg church committee. "Without having completed academic studies, he has become a real man of science through research, hard work and love of truth." From 1901 he became chief custodian of the museum of the city and of Sopron County . He was an honorary member of the Anthropological Society and a committee member of the Hungarian Ethnographic Society. He died on November 13, 1914 at the age of 51 in Sopron and is buried in the local Protestant cemetery.

In addition to his educational activities , he produced a variety of literary works: In the Oberwart Sunday newspaper he published works of aesthetics, in the magazine Volksschule educational works, in the general German teachers' newspaper Nachrichten über Hungary, in the magazine Sopron and Ödenburger Zeitung Erzieherthemen, in Pester Lloyd he wrote about craftsmanship, in the communications of the Anthropological Society in Vienna on ethnicity, and also in ethnological communications from Hungary . In book form appeared together with Schranz in 1893 The History of the Development of Handicraft Lessons, Its Present State and Its Goals .

The farmhouse research

JR Bünker dealt very intensively with the typology of farmhouses . He published the results of his research continuously, preferably in the communications of the Anthropological Society in Vienna . Not least as a drawing teacher, he tried to illustrate his contributions well and extensively. The photographic documentation was still too expensive in his day, so on his research trips he works in a team with other draftsmen and painters such as B. for the article about the farmhouses on Lake Millstatt .

  • Rader-Keusche 1900 floor plan by JR Bünker

  • Details Rumpler-Keusche 1900 from JRBünker

  • Exterior view of Rumpler-Keusche 1900 by R. Lischka

In his first work from 1894/95 (year of publication) he deals with German farmhouses in western Hungary (Heanzen) in the area of ​​Ödenburg. As in later works, he begins by depicting fields, corridors and properties. He analyzes the social structures (farmers, Hoffstattler with little reason, the smallhouses or mercenaries and the newhouses). The publications from 1897 describe houses in eastern Central Styria and from Stams in the Upper Inn Valley in Tyrol (1897). 1899 is about the Transylvanian Saxons . In 1900 the types of village corridors appear on the triple border of Lower Austria, Hungary and Styria, in 1902 his farmhouses on Lake Millstatt ( Seeboden , Treffling , Tangern, Radl). There are other publications about the stove stoves in Stoob (1903), the Székler House (1904), the Slovenian corridors and farmhouses in Gailtal (1905), the Polish houses and corridors from the area of Zakopane and Neumarkt in Galicia. (1907), the village hallways and farmhouses in Lungau (1909) and the area of Köflach in Styria (1909). His last relevant publications from 1913 dealt with village hallways and farmhouses in the Murau area and in 1914 with the Lienz area .

Customs and folklore poetry

Another research area of ​​Bünker was the documentation of customs and folk poetry. From 1893 Bünker began with his notes, initially with small poetry such as nursery rhymes and proverbs from the mouths of the elementary school students he taught in Ödenburg. In his farmhouse work z. B. "The farmhouse above the Millstättersee" he wrote down house sayings so z. B. “Do not despise me for mine, consider yourself and yours beforehand. If you find yourself without blame, then come, my friend, and despise me. ”In 1909, Bünker published 106 popular song texts in the Heanz dialect from the towns of Bernstein , Harkau , Kemeten , Ödenburg and Weppersdorf . He assumed that these were "specifically Heanzian". In the meantime it has been shown that certain quatrains can also be found in Lower Austria, Styria and Carinthia. Bünker also recorded folk songs in Carinthia's Metnitztal . In 1906 113 tales, sagas and fairy tales were published in the Heanz dialect. It did not become a folk book because the Ui dialect is difficult to read for readers who are not familiar with the dialect due to an abundance of punctuation and phonetic signs. The narrator of the stories was Tobias Kern, born in Ödenburg in 1831, a street sweeper and illiterate who was able to reproduce his stories almost verbatim even 10 years later. He knew the stories from his grandfather and old people from Ödenburg or from Lower Austria, where he was at work in his younger years. Because of their erotic content, ten of Kern's stories did not appear in an anthology, but in Anthropophyteia , a yearbook for folkloric surveys and research, which is only available to folk researchers. 15 children's fairy tales handed down by Kern, What the old man told me , were translated into written language by Bünker and published in 1929 with an afterword by Max Mell . Like Bünker, his son Waldemar, the Hungarian hussar officer to whom the book was dedicated, did not live to see his appearance.

Due to his origins from Carinthia, Bünker spent many summers in Trebesing in the Liesertal with his brother, the Protestant pastor and senior Karl Bünker. There he recorded the stories of the cooper and alpine shepherd Johann Wirnsberger, which are not published in a separate volume, but in transcripts. In Carinthia in particular, but also in Upper Styria, Bünker recorded 20 popular plays. In the mountain village of Kaning ob Radenthein , a day's walk from Trebesing on the eastern side of the Millstätter Alpe in the Nock Mountains , he found the farmer Matthias Mitterscheider as an informant. He “read, probably with the sooty Kienspan in the Rauchkuchl , chivalric novels and folk books of all kinds, which he dramatized and wrote down for his rural drama troupe.” Since 1885 there was a “Dilettanten Gesellschaft” in Kaning, an amateur theater group that became locally famous . Many of the plays were written or handed down by Mitterscheider. Mostly a tragedy was played combined with a comedy (a short one-act play) in order to get the audience's feelings back on track after what was often a bloodthirsty event. More pieces of records come from Metnitz . He wrote passion plays in St. Lorenzen ob Murau and St. Lambrecht.

Museum work in Ödenburg / archaeological studies

In recognition of his scientific work, he was appointed chief custodian of the Sopron City Museum, which opened in 1901 and which had emerged from the old City and County Museum. Under his leadership, the museum's holdings grew and an independent folklore department was set up. As a tireless collector, Bünker deposited material goods of Burgenland folklore in Vienna even before the Austrian Museum of Folklore began its regular operations. He published various articles on museum and exhibition science topics. That were u. a. the Ödenburg Museum as a whole, which he runs, collections such as the folklore rooms, masterpieces of the locksmith's trade, Viennese late Renaissance chandeliers, table crosses and archaeological finds. In 1897 he dealt with an ethnographic village, which was shown in the course of the Millennium National Exhibition of the Budapest Ethnographic Museum . Other works were devoted to the old Protestant cemetery of Ödenburg with its tombs, the Protestant church with its goldsmith's work, frescoes of the Holy Spirit Church, a rest cross, life around 1800 and the belief in witches in the old Ödenburg.

Works

 Johann Reinhard Bünker: The farmhouse on Lake Millstatt in Carinthia from the "Mittheilungen der Anthropologische Gesellschaft in Wien", Vienna, 1902, (category with associated images on Commons )
  • JR Bünker: Projects in the holdings of the Architecture Museum in the University Library of the Technical University of Berlin

Secondary literature

Footnotes

  1. ↑ Otto Bünker: Johann Reinhard Bünker - His life's work for folklore. Published by the Burgenland State Museum , Eisenstadt (Office of the Burgenland State Government, Department XII / 3), Eisenstadt 1982, 71 pages.
  2. ↑ Philip Novak: The Bünkers: Evangelical institution as a family credo . On www.kleinezeitung.at on August 7, 2011, accessed on May 22, 2017
  3. ↑ Otto Bünker: Johann Reinhard Bünker , p. 7 ff.
  4. ↑ Obituary v. Prof. Rudolf Meringer, whose students and scientific partners included Bünker. Quoted from Otto Bünker: Johann Reinhard Bünker , p. 52
  5. ↑ a b c d See catalog raisonné Wikisource
  6. ^ For a summary of his contributions, see Otto Bünker, Johann Reinhard Bünker , p. 11 ff.
  7. ↑ Otto Bünker, Johann Reinhard Bünker , p. 28 ff.
  8. ↑ Anton Kollitsch: Two unknown folk songs - Collections. In: Mitteilungen des Geschichtsverein für Kärnten ", Carinthia (magazine) I, 1939.
  9. ↑ Otto Bünker, Johann Reinhard Bünker , p. 34
  10. ↑ Otto Bünker, Johann Reinhard Bünker , p. 44
  11. ^ Geza Karsai-Kurzweil: JR Bünker and German Folklore Research. In: Südostdeutsche Forschungen II, 1937 p. 364

Web links

Commons : Johann Reinhard Bünker  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Johann Reinhard Bünker  - Sources and full texts
personal data
SURNAME Bünker, Johann Reinhard
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Bünker, János Rajnárd
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Austrian teacher and folklorist
DATE OF BIRTH April 25, 1863
PLACE OF BIRTH Seebach near Seeboden
DATE OF DEATH November 13, 1914
Place of death Ödenburg