Kaditz lime tree

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Kaditz lime tree
Kaditz lime tree
place Kaditz
country Saxony , Germany
Tree species Summer linden tree
Height above sea level 110 m
Geographical location 51 ° 5 '0 "  N , 13 ° 40' 17.3"  E Coordinates: 51 ° 5 '0 "  N , 13 ° 40' 17.3"  E
Kaditzer Linde (Saxony)
Red pog.svg
Status natural monument Yes, since 1985
Age 500 to 1000 years
Trunk circumference (waist) 6.97 m (2001)
Trunk circumference
(1 m height) 		9.55 m (1998)
Trunk circumference
(chest height) 		9.60 m (2007)
Tree height 20 m (2004)
Crown diameter 17 m (2004)

The Kaditzer Linde is a natural monument in the churchyard of the Emmauskirche in Kaditz , a district of Dresden in Saxony . This summer linden tree (Tilia platyphyllos) has a height of 20 meters and is 700 to 900 years old according to various estimates, making it the oldest tree in Dresden. The circumference of the trunk is about 10 meters. The linden tree was badly damaged in a large village fire in 1818. Then the trunk divided and formed two separate stems. As a result of the fire damage, the linden tree developed abnormally in order to compensate for the damage as well as possible. It has often been described, illustrated and was an object of illustration in dendrology . Already in the 19th century it was one of the largest linden trees in Germany with a circumference of over 10 meters. As a court linden , it is said to have served as a pillory in the Middle Ages . The "German Tree Archive" in Gießen counts the linden tree to the "Nationally Significant Trees (NBB)", whereby the trunk circumference at a height of one meter serves as the most important selection criterion.

location

Sign for the Kaditzer Linde

The linden tree stands in the center of the village of Kaditz , a district of Dresden on the right bank of the Elbe , on a flat, flood-free hill, about six kilometers northwest of Dresden's inner old town . On the outskirts of the village, the Kaditz flood channel runs past, which was built between 1918 and 1922 at the site of an eroding oxbow river that was flooded by the Elbe, part of the flood protection in Dresden . The linden tree stands at a height of about 110 meters above sea ​​level , about 10 meters above the normal level of the Elbe. It is located next to the Protestant Emmaus Church, which is surrounded by a 5400 square meter cemetery. It is protected from storms and storms by the rectory and church, which are about 15 meters apart . With its crown it spans a large part of the churchyard. In the vicinity of the linden tree there is a memorial for fallen soldiers of the two world wars. The ground around the linden tree is not sealed, but partly overgrown with lawn or covered with soil. A few meters away is the schoolmaster's linden tree , which according to the church book was erected in 1622, the oldest memorial tree in Dresden . The Elbe cycle path, which is over 1200 kilometers long, leads through Kaditz directly past the linden tree.

history

Development up to 1818

Engraving by Johann Christian Klengel, 1782

In 1273 the Emmauskirche was mentioned for the first time as the "Laurentiuskapelle", which was consecrated to St. Laurentius . It is believed that the linden tree was planted in the immediate vicinity when the chapel was built. In 1430 the Hussites set the Laurentius Chapel on fire. The wind was favorable, so that the linden tree suffered only minor fire damage. Around 1500 the church building was rebuilt and with it the oldest cemetery in Kaditz, which was the only and general burial place until 1862. In 1637, when the Thirty Years' War was raging in Saxony, the church was on fire again. As if by a miracle, the linden tree remained almost intact. After the fire, the church was burned out for years until it was restored in 1650. Remains of the Laurentiuskapelle are contained in today's church tower. During the Thirty Years War Swedish troops camped under the linden tree. In 1686 the rectory was built next to the church, so that the linden tree is now between the two buildings.

Church and ruins of the rectory - lithograph by Gustav Taubert, around 1800

The churchyard was enlarged in 1737, but due to the lack of space, some of the graves were laid right up to the linden tree, so that the grave sites reached into the tree's branched root area, which is typical for linden trees. In 1839, the magazine Saxonia said that the linden tree "probably fed on the surrounding corpses" . With increasing age and the ever larger trunk circumference, the linden tree became more and more famous. With a trunk circumference of 21 cubits, which corresponds to 11.90 meters, it was already a striking object. That is why the Duke of Courland , the third son of Friedrich August II. And grandson of Augustus the Strong , arranged for them to be geometrically recorded around 1750. The interior of the Emmauskirche was redesigned in Baroque style between 1750 and 1756 , with a ceiling painting also being attached. It shows an apocalyptic angel with five candlesticks and in the background a strong tree, which appears strange due to its circumference and size, which was supposed to represent the Kaditz linden tree. A copper engraving by the etcher and painter Johann Christian Klengel from 1782 shows the linden tree with graves in the churchyard next to the church in Kaditz. This is the oldest known pictorial representation of the tree. In 1795 the linden tree was called the "flagship of all linden trees". In a fire in the eastern part of Kaditz in 1802, which also damaged the parish building, the linden tree was again without major damage. A lithograph by the painter and draftsman Gustav Taubert, presumably from 1802, shows the rectory that had burned down to the outer walls, behind it the linden tree and the church. Napoleonic troops passed through the village past the linden tree in 1812. In 1818 it says in Dresden and the Elbe area of the Association for the Promotion of Dresden and Tourism on p. 128: "In the cemetery an ancient lime tree."

19th century

Kaditz Church with Linden Tree - lithograph from 1837

Also in 1818 there was a major fire disaster in Kaditz, this time more in the western part. 19 farmhouses and 30 barns as well as the rectory a few meters from the linden tree burned down. The fire jumped from the rectory to the large linden tree and destroyed half of the trunk, which burned completely up to the core of the trunk. Another jump of the fire from the rectory to the church was prevented by the linden tree. Despite the great damage, the linden tree remained alive. The trunk, which had been hollow until then, but was still completely closed, now had a large opening towards the rectory. The linden tree slowly crumbled inside. The cavity in the trunk was so large that one could step into it and set up a table and chairs there. Young people are said to have met there several times to make music. To increase the stability of the tree and to strengthen the trunk ruin, roots developed into strong secondary trunks over the course of decades. Because of this phenomenon, the linden tree was often the destination of excursions for teachers and students in the field of dendrology, the science of tree and wood science. The popularity of the linden tree grew after the fire and the development of an abnormality. Numerous drawings and paintings were created by the linden tree, one of which was shown at an art exhibition in Dresden, which contributed to the linden tree's increasing popularity. In national journals and magazines one read about its fate, whereby the authors did not skimp on superlatives regarding the age and fate of the Kaditz linden tree.

The large linden tree in the Kaditz churchyard,
lithograph by Carl Wilhelm Arldt, after Julius Fleischmann, around 1840

In 1823, Johann Gottfried Ziller , the cantor at the time, reported : "It is remarkable that nature gradually covered the inner walls in the cavity of the trunk with new bark and gave the trunk new life." In 1829 the lowest Heavy branch at the instigation of the superintendent Karl Christian Seltenreich, pastor at the Kreuzkirche in Dresden, supported with columns and beams to prevent it from breaking out. This construction was in the form of a gate that was plastered like masonry to give it the appearance of stone pillars. Saxony's church gallery from 1836 contains information on the size of the trunk and a comparison with other linden trees: “In the cemetery in Kaditz there is a linden tree which is remarkable because of its size and age. The well-known large linden tree near Augustusburg measures 18½ cubits around the circumference of its trunk. A linden tree in Swabia is listed as the oldest and strongest in Germany with a tribal circumference of 18 cubits. This, in the churchyard at Kaditz, measures 19 ¾ cubits at the foot. The greisenbaum is hollow, and the largest diameter of its cavity is 5 cubits. ”An article in the magazine Saxonia from 1839 with the headline The large linden tree in the churchyard in Kaditz near Dresden also compares the Kaditzer with the Augustusburger linden tree:“ Auf In the churchyard opposite the main gate between the church and the rectory, there is the linden tree, which is distinguished by its size and age. Its trunk exceeds the Augustusburger linden of 18 ½ cubits in circumference, because the Kaditzer holds 21 cubits in the greatest width. ”In the magazine Das Vaterland der Sachsen from 1844 there is a detailed report on the Kaditzer linden:

Die Linde zu Kaditz
Lithograph by Carl Wilhelm Arldt, 1844

"[...] Not its height, not the extent of its branches, but the girth of its trunk and its old age is what makes it strange and what makes it compete with and surpass the most famous tree old men of the Saxon fatherland. For while the beautiful, ancient Augustusburger linden tree is a little over 18 cubits in circumference, while the one at Annaberg, which is particularly remarkable because it had to be planted in the ground and in its former place, does not yet reach this thickness, the periphery is of the trunk of the Kaditz linden tree, about 8 to 10 cubits high, not less than 39 ½ feet. The interior of this enormous trunk is hollow and can be easily entered from the rectory side. The longest extension of this cavity, that from east to west, may be about 5 to 7 cubits. Here and there new bark has built up again in the inner parts, whereby the poor food flows to the four main branches, which are disproportionately sloping towards the thickness of the trunk, and are not very strong. About five and twenty years ago the tribe formed a seamlessly coherent whole, although it was already hollowed out at that time and long before, but it was destroyed by the fire in the village in 1818, which, along with 19 farms and 30 barns, also destroyed the parish apartment , so badly injured that he died completely from the side of the rectory and received the opening mentioned. The disproportionately thinner main branches are now held together by two large, wooden oblonga, and one of these branches is supported from below by a tasteful, wooden portal, which has been given the appearance of stone pillars by casting sand. In addition to this praiseworthy piety and care to keep the ancient tree from perishing for as long as possible, the late Dresden Superintendent, Dr. Rarely, given the first impulse. The summit of the linden tree, or rather the highest points of its branches, are fairly parallel with the gables of the church roof and the parish building, and may be about 40 to 50 cubits high. According to the not unlikely statement of old local residents, the old linden trunk was once used as a kind of pillory for those who had forfeited church penance, and there are actually still some iron rings and brackets in the trunk that are almost entirely overgrown with bark. In recent centuries the branches that were too tall and strong must have been sawed off from time to time, partly because they were detrimental to the parish and church roofs, partly because they threatened the hollowing trunk of being torn apart and destroyed. As a result, the large openings, similar to fire-food, emerged at the exit of the trunk, through which many a lively boy crawled to show the playmates his head as the young fruit of the old tree. [...] "

- The fatherland of the Saxons. 1844
Big city idyll - Dresden Kaditz , around 1905

The draftsman and lithographer Carl Wilhelm Arldt made several views of the linden tree around 1840. Two of them were created based on drawings by Julius Fleischmann, one of them as a color lithograph with the title The large linden tree in the Kaditz churchyard .

Towards the middle of the 19th century, a rotten support buckled under the heavy load and the main branch on it broke off. In 1864 the magazine Die Dioskuren: Deutsche Kunst-Zeitung reads in the chapter German forest trees : “The old lime tree in the churchyard of the village of Kaditz near Dresden is even more colossal. Their trunk is 40 feet in circumference and 12 feet in diameter. It is completely hollowed out, but the inner walls are clad with fresh bark. Judging by a neck iron grown together in the wood, it seems to have served as a pillory in prehistoric times. ”Around 1875, a grille was attached to the breaking point of the branch to prevent penetration into the cavity of the trunk. The grille is said to come from some of the windows in the old rectory. Until then, the villagers, especially the youngsters, used the cavity to do mischief in it. A few years later the gate was fitted with a lock, for which the key could be obtained in the parish .

In 1890 the magazine Die Gartenlaube reported in the series Germany's strange trees from the Kaditz linden tree: “Approximately in the middle of the village is the pretty church; but between her and the rectory, in the midst of green and stone-adorned tombs, rises the famous Kaditz linden tree. The amazing tree colossus has a trunk circumference of 11 meters; the inside of the trunk is completely hollow, and therefore supports have long been necessary. The bark has broken off on one side; the support had become rotten, the bark could no longer support the strong branch and was torn away with it. It is particularly strange that the bark has newly formed all around the inside. "

Modern times

Main trunk with surrounding bench

The municipality of Kaditz lost its independence in 1903 and was incorporated into Dresden . The village linden tree became a big city idyll , that's how the linden tree was praised on postcards. The daily newspaper Sächsische Nachrichten wrote in 1909: “One of the oldest trees in Saxony, perhaps even Germany, is the huge linden tree in the cemetery in the village of Kaditz. It was 12.5 meters in circumference and 4 meters in diameter.” On June 7, 1925 a warrior memorial with a large eagle carved in stone facing the linden tree was solemnly consecrated about 20 meters away from the linden tree . In 1945, during the first days after the Second World War, a resident of Kaditz is said to have hidden in the hollow trunk during the night in order to avoid the raids on the houses. Around 1960 very old graves in the root area of ​​the linden tree were uncovered and cleared. Over the years, the hollow trunk, which was open on one side, became a main part and a very small second trunk part. The space between the two trunk parts grew larger and larger over time. The pastor at the time, Karl-Heinz Scharf, who dealt intensively with the biography of the linden tree and thus contributed to the popularity of the linden tree, led bridal couples through the divided trunk after the church wedding around 1970. He wanted to symbolize the newlyweds that they have to stick together on their common life path, whatever happens. The grids attached for protection were opened for the occasion.

Main trunk with a barrier

The trunk of the linden tree has been protected by two new bars since 1975. It was declared a natural monument on January 3, 1985 with 30 other trees in the city area according to resolution 266/85 of the Dresden City Council with object number dd 041 . Regular controls and maintenance measures are associated with the protection. In 1996 a new crown bracing was installed for 16,000  German marks . In 1997, a Swiss company applied for the rights to build a gravel pit in the Kaditz municipal area well beyond 2010. As a result, the water table would have sunk so much that the linden tree would have dried up. However , the regional council of the administrative district of Dresden rejected the application after resistance from numerous residents and public institutions. In 2008 the branch of the small trunk with the upper piece of bark threatened to break out. Therefore it was supported with a metal brace. During the Elbe flood of the century in 2002 , Kaditz was completely surrounded by water, lower districts were flooded. The flood of the century overflowed the meter-high cemetery wall and flooded the graves in the cemetery. At the highest point in the area, on the threshold of the church and just before the base of the linden tree, the tide stopped. In 2003 the new symbol and a new information board were installed next to the old natural monument with the owl. More recently, newspapers and books have regularly reported on the linden tree. The forest scientist and nature conservationist Hans Joachim Fröhlich , initiator of the Board of Trustees Old lovable trees in Germany e. V. , wrote in 2000 in Old Lovable Trees in Germany : "The linden is a monument to a tree with many feet, arms and bodies." The Dresdner Neuesten Nachrichten reported on April 3, 2004 with the heading Methuselah of Trees. Kaditzer Linde : “Older than the city: Since a village fire in 1818, only one torso has been sprouting the linden at Kaditzer Church every spring. With an estimated age of a thousand years, it is considered Dresden's oldest tree. "

description

Linden tree from the churchyard (2009)

The tree species is named differently. The environmental agency of the state capital Dresden as the lower nature conservation authority has recorded the linden tree as summer linden (Tilia platyphyllos) on the Altkaditz property number 27 . In some literature it is also called summer linden. Others, however, mistakenly call it winter linden (Tilia cordata) . This is due to the fact that the 1985 decision mentions a winter linden tree in Altkaditz 25 .

Linden tree between the rectory and church

The trunk consists of two separate parts. The smaller trunk part is supported by a metal strut. The larger one, which is surrounded by a bench, is held by two steel rods that are stretched from the crown at an angle to the ground and are fastened to the trunk at about half the height of the tree with straps that replaced the steel rings previously attached. There are several protective grids between the two trunk parts to prevent penetration into the trunk cavity. On the larger part of the trunk sits a fairly large crown made up of mostly younger branches. In the past centuries, the large branches were pruned again and again so that they could not cause damage to the church and rectory during storms, but also to protect the hollow and weakened trunk from destruction by the large and heavy crown. Securing the crown with several steel ropes should prevent knots from breaking out. The main trunk reaches far up and from there the numerous branches go off. In 2004 the linden tree had a height of 20 with a crown diameter of 17 meters.

By the fire in 1818 the trunk was already hollow, but still completely closed. At that time, part of the casing charred and an opening formed. When the tree later lost another large main branch because a rotten support broke under the load, the opening widened. Over time, the trunk divided into two halves, the distance between them getting bigger and bigger. Today the smaller part of the trunk, which has remained completely isolated several meters from the main trunk, only consists of an approximately 20 × 100 centimeter trunk with a few small branches that are freshly leafed every year. The larger half of the trunk, which was not damaged by the fire at the time, is unusually multi-stemmed and has openings. After the fire disaster, the linden tree formed strong secondary stems, which increased its stability. They are part of today's tribe. After the fire, new bark formed over the burn wounds and also partly on the inside of the hollow trunk, through which the strong main branches receive nourishment. The secondary stems and the formation of the bark are sometimes viewed as a “phenomenon” or “miracle”. There is an information board on the linden tree with the following inscription:

Natural monument sign

 “Kaditzer Linde”
summer lime tree
(Tilia platyphyllos Scop.)
Natural monument -
Dresden's oldest tree ; many centuries old
(thousand years old?);
vital remains of a tree with
a trunk circumference of over 9 m; Badly
damaged in a fire in 1818 ; the
stems on the inside are
former roots and stabilize
the half-shell of the tree
Protection area: Kirchhof
Landeshauptstadt Dresden 2000

Kaditzer Linde Naturdenkmalschild.JPG

Trunk diameter

View of the trunk from the entrance gate (2009)

Since the beginning of the 19th century there have been numerous reports with specific dimensions of different length units. In the 19th century, the trunk circumference was measured to be over 10 meters, which has decreased since the trunk was damaged in the fire in 1818. In Saxony's church gallery in 1836 a trunk circumference of 19 ¾ cubits was mentioned. Saxonia stated in 1839 a circumference of 21 cubits. The fatherland of the Saxons of the year 1844 designated the trunk circumference with 39 ½ feet. In 1856 in Flora or the general botanical newspaper the circumference at the base of the trunk was given as 18 cubits. In the Archives for Saxon History in 1863 a circumference of almost 40 feet was named. In 1874, Our Time , a monthly of the Conversations-Lexikons , today's Brockhaus Encyclopedia , said in the chapter The giant plants of our earth : “The largest linden tree at the moment is probably the one in the cemetery at Kaditz near Dresden, which should measure 27 ells in circumference . “The botanist and palaeontologist Heinrich Göppert stated in the annual botanical report in 1878 a circumference of 13 meters. The gazebo from 1890 indicates a circumference of 11 meters. The Grand Ducal Chief Forester Ern. Faber, in an article titled Our Giant Trees in 1897, stated that the circumference was still 40 feet, which is about 12.2 meters. With these dimensions of the 19th century from 11 to over 12 meters, the tree was already one of the largest linden trees in Germany.

The trunk circumference of the linden tree has been measured at different heights since the fall of the Wall and has been less than 10 m since then. The forest scientist Hans Joachim Fröhlich stated in Paths to Old Trees for the year 1994 at a height of 1.3 meters, the point of the so-called breast height diameter (BHD), a circumference of 9.40 meters. Michel Brunner, photographer, author and founder of pro arbore , an inventory of old and curious trees in Switzerland, found a circumference of 9.60 meters in Significant Linden in 2007 . In a brochure from the Radebeul State Environment Agency, Tree Natural Monuments in the Upper Elbe Valley / Eastern Ore Mountains region from 2004, a trunk circumference of nine meters is specified. The German Tree Archive , which documents the old trees in Germany and is the publisher of a book on trees of national importance (NBB ), determined in 1998 a circumference of 9.55 meters at a height of one meter. The isolated trunk part was included here. At the point of the smallest diameter (waist), which only includes the main part, the tree archive measured a circumference of 6.97 meters in 2001.

Age

Main trunk with surrounding bank (2015)

An age determination is not possible even with the most modern methods, since the tribe has suffered severely over the centuries and is only a relic. It is not possible to count the annual rings , for example with the help of a drill core or by measuring the drilling resistance using a resistograph, as the oldest wood is missing in the center of the trunk. For the same reason, it is not possible to determine the age of the radioactive carbon content ( radiocarbon dating , also called 14 C dating); The samples taken are from a much younger wood tissue. There are also no clues or specific indications in the literature about a planting date. The age of the linden tree can therefore only be approximated with correspondingly different information. In some of the literature it can be read that the linden tree was planted by the Sorbs before the village of Kaditz was founded, around the year 1000 or earlier, which would correspond to an age of around 1000 years. Elsewhere, the planting of the linden tree is associated with the construction of the first chapel in 1273. According to this, the linden tree would be around 750 years old. The information varies between 500 and 1000 years. The German Tree Archives estimated the age of the linden tree in 2012 to be 500 to 700 years. In 1994 Hans Joachim Fröhlich assumed an age of around 1000 years. Michel Brunner estimated it to be 800 years old in 2007. In the brochure Tree Natural Monuments in the Upper Elbe Valley / Eastern Ore Mountains region of the Radebeul State Environmental Protection Agency, an age of 800 to 1000 years is given. The older literature mostly indicates an age of around 1000 years, such as the magazine Die Gartenlaube from 1890.

Events

Linden tree secured with tension ropes

Every year, traditionally on St. John with the faithful of the parish an evening service and then a singing folk songs instead. As early as 1830 it was reported: "So they moved to the church, in front of which the old, venerable linden tree, certainly one of the largest in Germany (18 cubits in circumference), was hung with wreaths."

At the Soccer World Cup 2010 , the first game with German participation was broadcast under the linden tree in public viewing .

Concerts in the Orgel plus concert series are held several times a year in the Emmaus Church , organized by the Förderkreis Kirchenmusik Laurentius Dresden e. V. Afterwards everyone meets for a cozy get-together with a bar under the linden tree.

stories

Goethe

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe visited Dresden a total of seven times. As an artist interested in history and well-read, who researched and published in various scientific fields, he was probably also interested in the linden tree, which was already well known beyond the borders of Saxony among those interested in science due to its old age and large growth. During his last stay in Dresden in August 1813 or as early as 1810, he is said to have visited the Kaditz linden tree with friends on an excursion and was very impressed by its magnificent growth and high age. Goethe's visit to the linden tree should be noted in a book. It is not known what it is.

pillory

Trunk fragment with support and protective grille

The traditions according to the lime in the Middle Ages over a longer period, probably until the 18th century, as a community pillory served. There the delinquents , chained to a neck iron, were brought before the public and exposed to the contemptuous looks and ridicule of the worshipers, whose way to the church led past the linden tree. In Saxony's church gallery from 1836 it is reported: “According to the old people, who retell their fathers, the trunk served as a pillory during the otherwise usual church penance. The neck irons driven in for this purpose are still there, but the two semicircles have moved two cubits apart when the tree expanded. ”In 1890, the journal Die Gartenlaube in the row of Germany's strange trees also reported on the pillory :

“It is said that the Kaditz linden tree also served as a pillory for women addicted to gossip and similar offenders. In fact, a little above the ground, there is an ingrown piece of iron on the trunk, which is called the remnant of the neck iron. The malevolent women sat with their necks in irons, leaning against the trunk while the churchgoers passed them to worship. But there is nothing documented about it and we can only console ourselves with the wish that it really did behave like that! "

- The Gazebo, 1890

Indications that it was a pillory linden tree are the iron rings and brackets stamped on the trunk, which 100 years ago were almost overgrown with bark. In the more recent and older literature, hammered rings and brackets are interpreted as the main indication of a pillory linden tree. However, it is not certain whether the iron on the trunk actually served this purpose, as there is no concrete evidence in the literature.

literature

  • Bernd Ullrich, Stefan Kühn, Uwe Kühn: Our 500 oldest trees: Exclusively from the German Tree Archives . 2nd revised edition. BLV Buchverlag, Munich 2012, ISBN 978-3-8354-0957-6 .
  • Stefan Kühn, Bernd Ullrich, Uwe Kühn: Germany's old trees . 6th revised edition. BLV Verlagsgesellschaft, Munich 2010, ISBN 978-3-8354-0740-4 .
  • Michel Brunner: Important linden trees. 400 giant trees in Germany . Haupt-Verlag, Bern / Stuttgart / Vienna 2007, ISBN 978-3-258-07248-7 .
  • Siegfried Reinhardt: A tree of superlatives: the Kaditzer linden tree - an imposing natural monument . In: Dresdner Latest News . Dresdner Nachrichten, Dresden July 27, 2007, p. 16 .
  • Karen Trinks: Regional nature conservation: Natural tree monuments in the Upper Elbe Valley / Eastern Ore Mountains region . Ed .: State Environmental Agency Radebeul. UBIK-Verlag, Radebeul 2004.
  • Siegfried Reinhardt: A millennial tells . In: Association New Neighborhood Kaditz e. V. (Ed.): Typically Kaditz: history and stories . 1st edition. SV Saxonia, 2002, ISBN 3-9808406-4-6 .
  • Hans Joachim Fröhlich: Old lovable trees in Germany . Cornelia Ahlering Verlag, Buchholz 2000, ISBN 3-926600-05-5 .
  • OZ: leaves and flowers. Germany's strange trees - Kaditzer linden . In: The Gazebo . Volume 4, 1890, pp. 130 ( full text [ Wikisource ]).
  • Eduard Sommer: The fatherland of the Saxons. Communications from Saxony's past and present . Third volume. Dresden, published by the expedition publisher of this work or by Ernst Blochmann, Dresden 1844, chapter Die Linde zu Kaditz , p. 134 ( electronic journal library ).
  • Saxonia. Museum for Saxon Patriotic Studies . Fourth volume. Eduard Pietsch and Com., Dresden 1839, DNB  368100235 , chapter The large lime tree on the churchyard in Kaditz near Dresden , p. 107 ( Google Books ).
  • Saxony's church gallery . First volume. Hermann Schmidt, Dresden 1837, chapter Kaditz , p. 65-66 ( Google Books ).

Web links

Commons : Kaditzer Linde  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Kay Haufe and Sarah Grundmann: Dresden's trees need help . In: Saxon newspaper . April 26, 2017 ( online [accessed April 28, 2017]).
  2. ↑ a b Manfred Dreßler: The Kaditz cemeteries . In: Association New Neighborhood Kaditz e. V. (Ed.): Typically Kaditz: history and stories . 2002, p. 69 .
  3. ↑ a b c Lokal-Anzeiger for Dresden (ed.): The old lime tree in Kaditz . No. 139 . Dresden 1912.
  4. ↑ Cultural monument: Emmaus Church with churchyard, war memorial and individual grave marks (Altkaditz 27). Retrieved September 14, 2012 .
  5. ↑ a b c d e f g Saxonia. Museum for Saxon Patriotic Studies . Fourth volume, 1839, chapter The large lime tree in the churchyard in Kaditz near Dresden , p. 107 ( Google Books ).
  6. ↑ a b c History workshop Dresden-Nordwest: Timeline of the Kaditzer Linde. Information board on the booth of the Faculty of Computer Science - Technical University of Dresden on March 24th and 25th, 2012.
  7. ^ Frank Andert (Red.): Radebeul City Lexicon. Historical manual for the Loessnitz . Ed .: Large district town of Radebeul. 2nd slightly changed edition. City archive, Radebeul 2006, p. 96 .
  8. ↑ a b c d Kaditzer Linde. (No longer available online.) Evangelical Lutheran Laurentius Church Community Dresden, archived from the original on August 29, 2014 ; Retrieved September 10, 2012 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.laurentius-dresden.de
  9. ↑ a b c d e Siegfried Reinhardt: A millennial tells . In: Association New Neighborhood Kaditz e. V. (Ed.): Typically Kaditz: history and stories . 2002, p. 64 .
  10. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v Siegfried Reinhardt: A tree of superlatives: The Kaditz linden tree - an imposing natural monument . In: Dresdner Latest News . Dresdner Nachrichten, Dresden July 27, 2007, p. 16 .
  11. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j Siegfried Reinhardt: A thousand year old tells . In: Association New Neighborhood Kaditz e. V. (Ed.): Typically Kaditz: history and stories . 2002, p. 65 .
  12. ^ Lars Herrmann: Emmaus Church. Retrieved September 14, 2012 .
  13. ^ A b Jan Hübler: Dresden: 66 favorite places and 11 adventure tours . 1st edition. Gmeiner-Verlag, Dresden 2012, ISBN 978-3-8392-1283-7 , chapter Kaditzer Linde: The oldest tree in Dresden in Altkaditz , p. 139 .
  14. ^ History of the Emmaus Church in Kaditz. Evangelical Lutheran Laurentius Church Community Dresden, accessed on September 14, 2012 .
  15. ↑ a b c d Michel Brunner: Significant linden trees. 400 giant trees in Germany . 2007, chapter Friedhofslinde Kaditz , p. 262 .
  16. ↑ a b c d e f Eduard Sommer: The linden tree at Kaditz . In: The fatherland of the Saxons. Communications from Saxony's past and present (=  digital collections / Saxon State Library - Dresden State and University Library. Saxonica ). Third volume, 1844, p. 133 ( electronic journal library ).
  17. ^ Friedrich Kummer, Paul Schumann: Dresden and the Elbe area . Ed .: Association for the Promotion of Dresden and Tourism. Publishing house of the Association for the Promotion of Dresden and Tourism, Dresden 1818, chapter Die Vorstädte , p. 128 ( Google Books ).
  18. ↑ a b c d Stefan Kühn, Bernd Ullrich, Uwe Kühn: Germany's old trees . 2010, chapter Millennial Linden in Kaditz , p. 83 .
  19. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j O. Z .: leaves and flowers. Germany's strange trees - Kaditzer linden . In: The Gazebo . Volume 4, 1890, pp. 130 ( full text [ Wikisource ]).
  20. ↑ a b c d Saxony's church gallery . First volume, 1837, chapter Kaditz , p. 65-66 ( Google Books ).
  21. ↑ Mar Schasler (Ed.): The Dioskuren: Deutsche Kunst-Zeitung . Commission publishing house of Nikolai'schen Verlagsbuchhandlung, Berlin 1884, chapter pictures from forest and field. 4. German forest trees. 3. The linden tree. , S. 321 ( Google Books ).
  22. ^ Siegfried Reinhardt: A millennial tells . In: Association New Neighborhood Kaditz e. V. (Ed.): Typically Kaditz: history and stories . 2002, p. 66-67 .
  23. ↑ a b c d e f g Siegfried Reinhardt: A millennial tells . In: Association New Neighborhood Kaditz e. V. (Ed.): Typically Kaditz: history and stories . 2002, p. 66 .
  24. ↑ a b c d Siegfried Reinhardt: A thousand year old tells . In: Association New Neighborhood Kaditz e. V. (Ed.): Typically Kaditz: history and stories . 2002, p. 67 .
  25. ↑ Karen Trinks: Regional nature conservation: Natural tree monuments in the Upper Elbe Valley / Eastern Ore Mountains region . Ed .: State Environmental Agency Radebeul. 2004, chapter dd 042 Kaditzer Linde , p. 46 .
  26. ↑ Bernd Trepte: News about the planned gravel mining in Kaditz. Dresdner Blätt'l, August 28, 1998, accessed on September 10, 2012 .
  27. ↑ R. Weckesser: Gravel mining in Kaditz. Dresdner Blätt'l, July 2, 1999, accessed on September 10, 2012 .
  28. ↑ a b c d Information from the environmental agency of the state capital Dresden.
  29. ↑ As in Dresden-Kaditz every meter of altitude decided fate: the flood of the century spared a small village church on a hill - houses in the valley overflowed. (No longer available online.) Free Press, August 13, 2012, formerly in the original ; Retrieved September 15, 2012 .  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.freipresse.de  
  30. ↑ a b Hans Joachim Fröhlich: Old lovable trees in Germany . 2000, chapter Millennial Linden in Kaditz , p. 414 .
  31. ↑ Dresden Latest News (ed.): Methuselah of the trees. Kaditz lime tree . Dresdner Nachrichten, Dresden March 3, 2004, p. 13 .
  32. ^ Siegfried Reinhardt: A millennial tells . In: Association New Neighborhood Kaditz e. V. (Ed.): Typically Kaditz: history and stories . 2002, p. 68 .
  33. ↑ a b c d Karen Trinks: Regional nature conservation: Natural tree monuments in the Upper Elbe Valley / Eastern Ore Mountains region . Ed .: State Environmental Agency Radebeul. 2004, chapter dd 042 Kaditzer Linde , p. 54 .
  34. ↑ a b Sebastian Schmidt: Map 2.1, protected areas according to the Nature Conservation Act. (PDF; 152 kB) State capital Dresden - Environment Agency, 2008, accessed on October 12, 2012 .
  35. ↑ Royal Bavarian Botanical Society (ed.): Flora or general botanical newspaper . tape 39 . Verlag der Redaction, Regensburg 1856, chapter Botanical Notes , p. 128 ( Google Books ).
  36. ^ Albert Schiffner: Archives for Saxon History . Ed .: Wilhelm Wachsmuth, Karl von Weber . First volume. Verlag von Bernhard Tauchnitz, Leipzig 1863, Chapter Ancient Trees in the Saxon Lands , p. 171 ( Google Books ).
  37. ↑ Franz Engel: Our time. German review of the present. Monthly for the conversation lexicon . Ed .: FA Brockhaus. FA Brockhaus, Leipzig 1874, chapter The plant giants of our earth , p. 195 .
  38. ↑ a b Heinrich Göppert: Botanical Annual Report . Ed .: Leopold Just . tape 6 , part 2. Gebrüder Borntraeger, Berlin 1882, chapter news about particularly large trees , p. 489 ( online at Biodiversity Heritage Library ).
  39. ↑ a b Hans Joachim Fröhlich: Old lovable trees in Germany . 2000, chapter All Trees of This Book , p. 502 .
  40. ↑ a b c Bernd Ullrich, Stefan Kühn, Uwe Kühn: Our 500 oldest trees: Exclusively from the German Tree Archive . 2012, chapter 1000-year-old linden tree in Kaditz , p. 114 .
  41. ↑ Michel Brunner: Giant trees of Switzerland . Werd Verlag AG, Zurich 2009, ISBN 978-3-85932-629-3 , chapter The linden tree: An eternal fountain of youth , p. 150 .
  42. ↑ Description of the celebrations that took place on the third jubilee of the Augsburg Confession on June 25, 26 and 27, 1830 in the Kingdom of Saxony . Johann Friedrich Glück, Leipzig 1830, chapter 132. Kaditz near Dresden , p. 596 ( Google Books ).
  43. ^ Football World Cup 2010 - Public Viewing in Dresden - List of events. Dresden Fernsehen, July 6, 2010, accessed on September 15, 2012 .
  44. ↑ Review Orgel plus 2012. (No longer available online.) Evangelical Lutheran Laurentius Church Community Dresden-Trachau, archived from the original on August 29, 2014 ; Retrieved September 15, 2012 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.laurentius-dresden.de
  45. ↑ Goethe and Dresden. Dresden Marketing, June 1, 2011, archived from the original on April 24, 2012 ; Retrieved September 10, 2012 .
  46. ↑ a b c d Siegfried Reinhardt: Was Goethe in Kaditz an der Linde? In: New Neighborhood Kaditz e. V. (Ed.): Dresden-Kaditz. History - stories - memories; Contributions to the local history of the community of Kaditz and the district of Dresden-Kaditz . Saxonia-Verlag for Law, Economy and Culture, Dresden 2005, ISBN 3-937951-22-9 , p. 17-18 .
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