Borken power plant

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Large Main-Weser power plant
Large Main-Weser power station in 1924: The left, free-standing, low building is the water supply system. Then comes the machine house followed by the switch house with a lower archway in front of the oil switches. The overhead lines are built under a protective roof. Behind it is the boiler house and chimneys. There is a ventilation structure above each boiler.
Large Main-Weser power station in 1924: The left, free-standing, low building is the water supply system. Then comes the machine house followed by the switch house with a lower archway in front of the oil switches . The overhead lines are built under a protective roof. Behind it is the boiler house and chimneys. There is a ventilation structure above each boiler.
location
Borken power plant (Hesse)
Borken power plant
Coordinates 51 ° 3 '30 "  N , 9 ° 16' 2"  E Coordinates: 51 ° 3 '30 "  N , 9 ° 16' 2"  E
country Germany
Waters Schwalm
Data
Type Thermal power plant
Primary energy Brown coal
fuel Brown coal
power 356  MW
owner Prussian Electricity AG
operator Prussian Electricity AG
Project start 1919
Start of operations 1923
Shutdown March 15, 1991
turbine Condensing turbine
boiler Natural circulation boiler
Firing Fluidized bed combustion
Energy fed in 1990 821 GWh
Energy fed in since commissioning 63,000 GWh
was standing 1991
f2

The large Main-Weser power plant (commonly known as the Borken power plant ) was a German lignite power plant located in Borken , Hesse .

From commissioning in 1923 to closure in 1991, the large power plant consumed 63 million tons of lignite , which was mined in six underground mines and eleven open-cast mines in the Borken brown coal area . At its peak, over 2,000 people were employed in the power plant and mining.

The switchgear of the power plant was also an important hub in the German power grid. It served as a base for the network operation between the energy supply company PreussenElektra and neighboring electricity network operators.

history

The trade union Großkraftwerk Main-Weser (GGMW) responsible for the construction of the power plant started its work in Kassel in 1922 . In the planning and construction of the first expansion stage between 1922 and 1925, it was supported by the Kassel State Electricity Office.

The union Großkraftwerk Main-Weser merged in 1927 into the Preußische Elektrizitäts AG (PreussenElektra), which continued to operate the power station until it was closed in 1991.

The first expansion stage 1922–1925

Partial view of the large Main-Weser power plant in its first expansion stage, 1924

The technical and structural planning had already been worked on since 1921. The actual power plant planning was done by the power plant department of AEG . At that time, under its designer Georg Klingenberg, it was considered a world leader. The Berlin architects Klingenberg und Issel were responsible for the design of the power plant buildings. Walter Klingenberg (a brother of Georg Klingenberg) and Werner Issel carried out many buildings for AEG at that time.

Construction began on August 25, 1922. The power station buildings were made of exposed brickwork made of dark orange-red bricks. They were arranged in accordance with the technical and logistical requirements of the time:

  • The machine house was built in a west-east orientation near the Schwalm river in order to keep the cooling water connections as short as possible. Between the machine house and the river was the so-called sieve house for water extraction and purification.
  • To the west of the machine house, the building for the switchgear was erected. Also to the west, directly in front of the head, was the central control room connected to the machine house.
  • The boiler house was south of the machine house. Here 8 boilers were initially arranged in 2 rows. 4 boilers each had a common chimney over 100 m high.
  • An office and administration wing was attached to the west of the boiler house.
  • The coal was delivered from the south, via tracks with a connection to the Main-Weser Railway . Therefore, the coal conveyor system was located in front of the boiler house to the south.

The topping-out ceremony for the boiler house was celebrated on February 16, 1923, and turbine 1 began trial operation on July 1.

In the following year, 1924, PreussenElektra and Thüringer Elektrizitäts-Lieferungs-Gesellschaft (ThELG) signed a contract for the procurement of power from the Main-Weser power station to Thuringia. At the same time, power from the Thuringian Breitungen power station, built in 1913, was to be provided for the PreussenElektra network. For this reason, in 1925 a power line with two circuits was built between the two power plants, operated with 60 kV voltage and initially provided 5 MW of the power plant output from Borken to Thuringia.

After a 100 kV line had been built from Breitungen via Jena and Zeitz to the Böhlen lignite power station in the following year , the network of the joint stock company Sächsische Werke (ASW AG) could be operated in conjunction. The two lines were among the first in Germany through which interconnection between the individual network operators could be established and inspired the pioneer Oskar von Miller , who founded the German Museum in Munich , to conduct a study on a possible European interconnected network.

Another 60 kV line connected the power plant with the Hemfurth am Edersee power plant, which was completed in 1915/16 . Extensive tests on the newly developed Buchholz relay were carried out on this in 1927 .

The power station was also used to supply the greater Frankfurt am Main area with electricity . In 1925, a two-circuit 60-kV line was built from Borken via Bad Hersfeld , Marbach , Elm and Wächtersbach to Dörnigheim , which was simultaneously connected by a 110-kV line from Borken via Gießen , Wölfersheim , the Frankfurt-West thermal power station and Dörnigheim Dettingen power station was added. The latter thus also served as a connection between PreussenElektra and Bayernwerk . The two lines were laid on fir tree poles, connected to one another by a coupling transformer and formed a closed ring. The rotating field was accidentally ignored, which led to the motors running backwards in the Frankfurt area.

The 60 kV line no longer exists today. There is still a 110 kV connection between Borken and Frankfurt today, but it mostly runs on the same masts as the 380 kV line via Gießen to Frankfurt and is insulated for 220 kV. The sections Borken-Gießen and Gießen-Wölfersheim on original masts were dismantled between 1993 and 1994.

Extension in 1932

Another boiler house was inaugurated in 1932 to meet the increased demand for electrical energy.

In the same year, the Waldeck pumped storage power plant to the west was put into operation after a three-year construction period and connected to the expanded switchgear in Borken via a two-circuit 220 kV line. There was already a connection to the Lehrte substation near Hanover via the 220 kV Lehrte – Borken line , which was the most important junction in the PreussenElektra high-voltage network. From Borken the line was to be extended further south to the Kelsterbach substation , but the construction of this line was no longer started.

After the end of the Second World War , in the course of the division of Germany, the Borken – Breitungen line was shut down in 1950 before it was finally cut off at the border in 1965. Since the Reichssammelschiene , the interconnected line between Lower Saxony and Upper Austria , was interrupted for the same reasons, the sections in Bavarian territory were no longer connected to the 220 kV network in the rest of Germany. That is why the 220 kV line Ludersheim – Aschaffenburg – Borken was built to take on this task. The connection with Kelsterbach and thus the north-south line was nevertheless implemented via Aschaffenburg . There was a single circuit connection to Paderborn to the network of the United Electricity Works Westphalia (VEW) via the line to the Edersee .

After a line from Wetzlar to Oberscheld in the Lahn-Dill district was built by PreussenElektra in 1948 , a ring of 110 kV double lines was created later, which was led from the Borken power plant via Waldeck , Frankenberg , Dautphetal , Oberscheld and Wetzlar to Gießen and primarily supplied the steelworks in the region with energy. Except for the Oberscheld – Gießen section, the lines are still in operation today.

Ballast 1952

For the effective use of the steam generated in 1952 was a use upstream installed.

Power plant blocks I to III

In the years 1957, 1960 and 1964 three power plant blocks were built. Each block was forty meters high. The newly built chimneys reached a height of 160 meters.

Power plant output

Left: Block I + II, middle: building from the 1920s, right: Block III

When it was commissioned on a trial basis in 1923, a condensation turbine was used to achieve an output of ten megawatts (MW). In the following year, two more generators were added, so that an output of 30 megawatts was now available. In 1927 a fourth turbine with an output of 20 MW was installed. With the commissioning of the second boiler house in 1932, the output rose to 112.8 MW. With the construction of the ballast in 1952, the power plant output was increased to 184 MW. In 1957, 1960 and 1964 the power plant units I to III were put into operation. Thus, the total output of the Borken power plant rose to 356 MW.

In its final expansion stage, 1.7 million tons of brown coal were burned annually and 1.7 terawatt hours (TWh) of electrical energy were generated.

From the 1980s, the power plant output was gradually reduced, as lignite production in the connected open-cast and underground mines declined. When the power plant was shut down, only power plant unit III was still in operation.

Left: Block III, middle: Block I + II, right: Building from the 1920s

cooling

Until 1928, the heated water was fed directly into the Schwalm . Only with the construction of the fourth turbine were two cooling towers built to cool the water. When building blocks I to III, the number of cooling towers was increased to seven.

Second World War

During the Second World War , the power plant was not a target for planned bombing . On February 28, 1945, however, a coal train was hit by a single aerial bomb . It was probably an emergency release .

1945 until it was closed in 1991

With the increasing consumption of electrical energy, a ballast system was built in 1952 and Block I was rebuilt in 1957. Units II and III were put into operation in 1960 and 1964.

In the course of the electrification of the Main-Weser-Bahn and the north-south route , a substation for traction current was built in Borken in 1963 , which has two converters that convert the 50 Hz three-phase current into 16.7 Hz traction current can be. The energy supply for this was ensured via the power plant via a two-circuit supply line. The systems are all still in operation today.

The switchgear of the power plant was expanded in 1975 to include a 380 kV system. An overhead line with this voltage level was built to connect the Borken power plant with the Waldeck pumped storage power plant.

The power plant was shut down on March 15, 1991 after 68 years of operation and partially dismantled. The buildings planned by Issel and Klingenberg were preserved while the chimneys and cooling towers were dismantled. Part of the Gombeth pit was filled with the material from the demolition .

Successor use

Dismantled large Main-Weser power plant added in 2008

The power station building and part of the surrounding area is used today by a private investor for trade fairs and markets (mainly flea markets ), the accommodation of a sports museum and a discotheque, as well as the first German senior amusement park including the parking spaces required.

The former power plant site is now part of the Am Kraftwerk industrial area . Companies that are active in the recycling sector have settled here. This also includes a recycling department store , which collects discarded household items, devices and furniture that can be used throughout the Schwalm-Eder district , recycles them and sells them on at reasonable prices.

Nuclear power plant (discarded)

In the vicinity of the lignite power station, between the places Gombeth and Singlis (below the Dosenberg Kippe), plans were made to build the Borken nuclear power station (KWB) since the 1970s. It was to be erected in the construction line 80 of the Kraftwerk Union . In addition, the construction of a reprocessing plant in Borken was considered. In 1987, considerations were made to build a high-temperature reactor . The plans were finally abandoned in 1995.

Switchgear

The switchgear of the power plant is still in operation today as the Borken substation . The 60 kV and 220 kV system components no longer exist; the voltage levels there today are the 380 kV maximum voltage and 110 kV high voltage used as standard in the European network. The lines to Lehrte, Edersee and Aschaffenburg were dismantled accordingly. Today it therefore serves as an important junction in the German 380 kV network. In 2000 PreussenElektra merged with Bayernwerk to form E.ON Energie , which continued to operate the substation. TenneT TSO has been responsible for the management since 2010 .

literature

  • Hans-Joachim Patte: The lignite power station Borken in Hessen , Verlag der Stadt Borken, 2000, ISBN 3-932739-09-4

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d Bernd Heßler: From small agricultural town to mining and power station town . Contributions to urban development. In: Magistrat der Stadt Borken (Ed.): 675 years of the city of Borken . 1st edition. Riemann, Melsungen 1992, p. 8-13 .
  2. ↑ a b c paragraph after Hans-Joachim Patte: The lignite power station Borken in Hessen , Verlag der Stadt Borken, 2000. 3.1.1 The first stage of expansion , pp. 25 to 38
  3. ↑ Walter Schossig: 20 Years of Electrical Reunification of Germany, slide 32. Retrieved on December 13, 2016 .
  4. ↑ Walter Schossig: From the history of electricity, year 1916. (PDF) Archived from the original on January 3, 2017 ; Retrieved January 3, 2017 .
  5. ↑ Walter Schossig: History of the relay examination, conference contribution 11.44. Retrieved January 3, 2017 .
  6. ^ VDE: Chronicle of Electrical Engineering, year 1925. Archived from the original on December 13, 2016 ; accessed on December 13, 2016 .
  7. ^ VDE: Chronicle of Electrical Engineering. Archived from the original on December 13, 2016 ; accessed on December 13, 2016 .
  8. ↑ Hessischer Landtag: Answer of the Minister of the Interior to the minor inquiry of the Abg. Jacob (GREEN). (PDF) Retrieved December 13, 2016 .
  9. ↑ Lebenshilfe Gießen, together Nov. 16, page 35: What I like about power poles. (PDF) Retrieved December 27, 2016 .
  10. ↑ City of Gießen: Reasons for changing the development plan G12, page 1. (PDF) Retrieved on December 27, 2016 .
  11. ^ H. Kirchhoff: Company form and sales policy of the power supply . Published by Julius Springer, Berlin 1933, p. 88
  12. ^ Hainichland: The beginnings of the electrical energy supply in Thuringia. Retrieved December 13, 2016 .
  13. ↑ Municipality of Nanzenbach: Electricity was first produced in the Schelderwald almost a hundred years ago. Retrieved December 24, 2016 .
  14. ↑ Technik-Museum Kassel (ed.): Development of the supply of the region with electrical energy . Supraregional supply using the example of the Borken power plant. ( tmk-kassel.de [PDF; 83 kB ; accessed on November 24, 2008]).
  15. ↑ DB Netze, September 2013: Railway power supply in Borken is 50 years old. Archived from the original on December 28, 2016 ; accessed on December 28, 2016 .
  16. ^ Construction and operation of a 380 kV overhead line Borken – Waldeck on March 10, 1971 . In: The Hessian Minister for Economics and Technology (Ed.): State Gazette for the State of Hesse. 1971 No. 14 , p. 594 , point 618 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 4,9 MB ]).
  17. ↑ New again . In: Der Spiegel . No. 39 , 1980, pp. 61 ff . ( online ).
  18. ↑ Vulnerability recognized . In: Der Spiegel . No. 40 , 1977, pp. 63 ff . ( online ).
  19. ↑ We don't want to get out . In: Der Spiegel . No. 14 , 1987, pp. 42 ( online ).