Kierdorf (Erftstadt)
Kierdorf is a northeastern district of Erftstadt in the Rhein-Erft district . The place lies between Erftstadt- Köttingen and Kerpen - Brüggen . Today's Kierdorf consists of the villages of Kierdorf and Roggendorf, which have now grown together, as well as the Schildgen and Zieselsmaar settlements. Roggendorf was also mentioned until the end of the 1950s; it was even more important than Kierdorf for centuries.
history
Early history and Roman times
Already in the Latène period there was a settlement between Kierdorf and Köttingen , which is documented by several burial mounds according to studies by the Cologne archaeologist PA Tholen . In the area of today's Kierdorf, between Kierdorf and Roggendorf and north of Kierdorf, Roman settlements have been found. The discovered body graves with grave goods such as a glass beaker, jugs, plates and other ceramics , some of which were still intact, could be dated to the 2nd and 3rd centuries AD. A Roman veteran of the Legio I Germanica had also settled on the land assigned to him, whose gravestone, an 80 cm high limestone stele , was discovered in the overburden of the United Ville lignite mine .
middle Ages
When the Franks finally took possession of the land around 450, many Roman settlements had been abandoned and large arable land had not been cultivated for generations. In the course of time the forest area of the Ville had expanded into the previously populated area. On behalf of the Franconian king , the wooded areas were cleared to make them usable again. Clearing teams, named after their leader, settled in the areas cleared by them. Roggendorf is one of the places that were founded on a clearing.
Roggendorf was first mentioned in 1113 as "Rouchesdorp" in a document from the Dietkirchen monastery in Bonn , in which 12 people from Roggendorf had their wax interest rights certified, which they, like their fathers, had received from the Abbess of Dietkirchen. For this right they paid an annual fee on the altar of St. Peter in the church of the Dietkirchen monastery. In addition, the owners of the estate had to pay a Kurmud when they received the estate , the men gave the best head of cattle, the women their best dress.
On the Heerstraße from Bonn to Düren and Aachen (today Friedrich-Ebert-Straße) there was a small aisle church in place of today's church before the year 1000, which Tholen was able to describe from a drawing kept in the parish archive. Their dimensions of 6.50 m × 5 m corresponded to those of the early old country churches, which were built without a tower. In the 11th or 12th century a small aisle was added on the north side. Tholen, who examined the still-preserved Romanesque tower , assumed that it was built around 1150. According to current research, it was built around 1165 and is one of the most important architectural monuments in Erftstadt .
The small settlement near the church was called Kierdorf (Kirchdorf). The place name Kierdorf was first mentioned in 1233. At that time, the St. Severin Monastery in Cologne owned a manor in Kierdorf, which also included the tithe rights . In the event of a division of property between the provost and the chapter, the provost received the bailiwick , the Fronhof (curtis sancti Severini) and the patronage right to Kierdorf.
If the parish was called Deutz Roggendorf Abbey in the manuscript dating from around 1155 (in the transcript: Reggendorp), then in a directory of the churches of the Archdiocese of Cologne and their income from around 1308 , the Liber valoris , the church in Kierdorf was named as the parish church.
At today's corner of Berrenrather Strasse and Friedrich-Ebert-Strasse there were courtyards in the 14th century that formed the town of Zieselsmaar . Over time, with the exception of a small farm, they were sold to the St. Severin Monastery and the lands were added to the monastery court. The Fronhof in Kierdorf, which was leased together with the farm in Zieselsmaar in 1380, was no longer mentioned after 1400.
The courtyards of the monastery and later Dietkirchen Abbey in Roggendorf were given as fiefs to aristocrats in the 15th century.
The monastery mill was in Brüggen. The von Turre family named von der Zieselsmaar was enfeoffed with Brüggen Castle. Wilhelm von der Zieselsmaar, the last of the family, bequeathed it to the von Zweiffel family in 1486.
Modern times
administration
Kierdorf and Roggendorf formed together with Brüggen an honor in the Electoral Cologne office of Lechenich and belonged to the judicial district of Lechenich . The Limerssteg formed the border to Dirmerzheim .
Zieselsmaar was counted as belonging to Kierdorf, Schildgen, originally the name for a field, to Roggendorf. It was not until the 17th century that there was a farm on the Schildgen zu Roggendorf whose owner was an innkeeper, but who also ran agriculture.
Since 1700 mayors and parishioners have been known who raised the sovereign taxes, supervised the services for the elector, carried out repair work on the Bonn-Aachener Heerstraße and carried out other electoral instructions. They were obliged to submit the municipal invoice for income and expenses of the Honschaft to the bailiff or the administrator.
living conditions
The inhabitants of Kierdorf and Roggendorf, like the inhabitants of the rest of today's town of Erftstadt, lived from agriculture. Almost all of them were smallholders with only a few acres of land and a little cattle. Up until the 15th century, wine was also grown in Kierdorf, which is reminiscent of the street name “Im Weingarten”.
The residents were heavily burdened by many taxes. They paid the big tithe to the St. Severin Abbey in Cologne, had to deliver the land lease and smoking chickens to the electoral winery in Lechenich, and to pay sovereign taxes. Hailstorms and bad wax often destroyed large parts of the harvest. The Erft caused huge floods that left the Benden under water for days.
In 1661 the Honschaft had 84 houses, a rectory in Kierdorf, the noble house as well as a vicarie house and the mill in Brüggen. The largest place was Brüggen with around 43 houses. Kierdorf had about 18 houses, Roggendorf about 23 houses.
During the so-called Hessian War , Roggendorf was set on fire during the siege of Lechenichs when the besiegers withdrew.
The places of honor, like all places in today's city of Erftstadt , were heavily burdened in the 17th and 18th centuries by numerous marches through troops, billeting , looting , services, forage deliveries and contributions .
The residents had the right to collect firewood in the Ville, but only for their own use. Foresters and bushkeepers made sure that no one broke the law. Wood thefts were reported and punished. From the originally shared ownership, the Almende , the municipal brook was used partly as pasture for cattle, partly for wood cutting, and since the 18th century at the latest for turf mining , in order to gain clots as heating material and to produce them for sale. In 1773, the Cologne elector Maximilian Friedrich issued a new bush order for the Kierdorfer Broich, in which, among other things, the inhabitants were obliged to fill up exploited squares with earth again.
Broich shares, so-called Broich rights, came into the possession of the nobility and clergy through sale in the 16th century. Most of the Broich shares were acquired by Messrs Wolff Metternich zur Gracht , who owned large parts of the Kierdorfer Broiches at the end of the 18th century.
Church, parish and school
In 1517 the Chapter of St. Severin renounced the patronage rights. The church was incorporated into the Bottenbroich monastery, but the tithe income continued to go to the chapter of St. Severin.
In 1776 the Marienstatt monastery took over the Bottenbroich priory and with it the occupation of the pastoral position in Kierdorf.
Church and school were closely connected. A sexton teacher taught the children in a schoolhouse that has been repaired frequently since 1730 and the thatched roof has been re-covered.
French time
With the creation of new administrative districts on behalf of the French government in 1798 and the reorganization of the administration based on the French model under Napoleon in 1800, the old honor was dissolved and the town of Bruges was spun off. Kierdorf, Roggendorf as well as Schildgen and Zieselsmaar formed the municipality of Kierdorf and together with the municipalities of Liblar and Bliesheim the Mairie Liblar in the canton of Lechenich .
According to the population lists recorded in 1801, the community of Kierdorf had a total of around 290 inhabitants, 63 of whom were children. Kierdorf and Roggendorf each had around 30 households, of which 27 were heads of families in Kierdorf who were referred to as workers (ouvrier), in Roggendorf there were 23. They were day labor families who worked in the turf pits and made clumps in order to improve their livelihood .
As a result of the secularization in 1802, monasteries and monasteries were abolished, their properties were nationalized and sold in the following years. In the community of Kierdorf these were the possessions of St. Severin as well as those of other religious institutions.
Prussian time
The community of Kierdorf belonged to the mayor's office in Prussian times and since 1927 to the Liblar office. The two big towns remained Kierdorf and Roggendorf. Zieselsmaar consisted of a few houses, mostly built at the beginning of the 20th century. They were located on Berrenrather Strasse, which branches off from today's Friedrich-Ebert-Strasse. In Schildgen there were only a few houses besides an inn.
industrialization
From the middle of the 19th century, the licensed exploitation of lignite began in Zieselsmaar. The coal continued to be mined and processed by hand in the decades that followed. The first briquette factory "Carl Brendgen, Braunkohlen-, Briket- & Thonwerke in Zieselsmaar", which worked with technically modern briquette presses, was built by Carl Brendgen , who had bought the exploitation rights to several mines, and opened in 1891. The briquettes were brought to the Liblar train station for loading by horse and cart. The transport problems were solved after the construction of the Mödrath-Liblar-Brühler Eisenbahn (1899/1901) with a siding in Zieselsmaar, which enabled the briquettes to be transported to the loading port in Wesseling .
In 1897 Brendgen acquired the exploitation rights to the “Concordia” lignite field from Count Wolff Metternich zu Liblar. In a contract on the lease of the concession to Carl Brendgen by Ferdinand Reichsgraf Wolf Metternich dated November 6, 1897 and a supplementary contract dated April 11, 1902, the conditions were specified. In 1911 Brendgen built another factory in Zieselsmaar, which was attached to the old factory. The factory complex was called “Concordia Nord” to distinguish it from “Concordia Süd” in Liblar.
The majority of the residents of the community of Kierdorf worked in the lignite mines and in the briquette factory, which ensured them a job and a regular income.
The facade of many buildings in Kierdorf, which were built or restored at the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th century, consists of a brick made by the Brendgen company, the "Brendgen clinker". Some of them are under monument protection like a former grocery store, the former St. Joseph's monastery and the villa of the factory owner Carl Brendgen, which was built around 1900 and was called "Villa Louise". Today the offices of the Ritterbach publishing house are located there. The park that is attached to the villa as an arboretum still exists today.
former "Villa Louise"
former commercial building (around 1909)
former St. Josef monastery 1919–1980
Improved infrastructure
The community's income had increased due to the lignite industry. The expansion of the thoroughfare, the Heerstraße, promoted trade, especially with briquettes, grain and potatoes. But many products were also brought to the market in Cologne on foot.
A major step forward, which also improved hygienic conditions, was a water pipe that the community received in 1908. Until then, the residents had fetched water from the Kocherbach, from private wells or, since 1858, from a public well at the cemetery. In 1911 electrical lines were laid, and in 1913 households were connected to the power grid.
New building of the church
The parish, which coincided with the Honors Brüggen, Kierdorf, Roggendorf, continued to exist. Only in 1911 did Brüggen become a chapel congregation and in 1923 its own parish.
The old church of St. Martinus had undergone several extensions and additions in the past centuries, but the steadily growing number of inhabitants made it necessary to build a larger church, and the church was so dilapidated that repairs did not seem worthwhile . In 1873 the architect August Lange was commissioned to build the new church. It was to be built in the neo-Romanesque style in order to adapt it to the old Romanesque church tower . Between 1874 and 1875 a church in neo-Romanesque style was built as a three-aisled basilica according to the plans of the commissioned architect .
The three-storey tower with tuff facing and a structure with pilaster strips and friezes was built around 1165.
The interior of the church consists of a central nave and two side aisles in the style of a basilica. The choir adjoins the transept in front of the nave. The dining hall of the main altar was made by the Cologne sculptor Custodis and the essay by the Heinsberg sculptor Heinrich Koulen. The choir windows and five side windows were supplied by the Oidtmann company from Linnich .
The organ from 1880 comes from the workshop of the organ builder Franz Joseph Schorn in Kuchenheim . It was restored in 1983.
The most valuable of the pieces of furniture is a “Madonna and Child” from around 1480 in a Cologne workshop.
School conditions
In Prussian times, as already under French administration and in the time of the electoral prince, a sexton instructor supported by a vicar taught. Of the 181 school-age children, only a few attended classes regularly; the rest had to help their parents in the fields or work in the lignite mines. After the introduction of compulsory schooling in 1825, a trained teacher, who was also sexton, gave the lessons, but there was no suitable classroom. In 1828 a two-story house was purchased by the community and converted into school halls. Regular school operations only began in 1830, after the teacher's income was taken over by the community. In 1844 365 school-age children were to be taught in two classes, 200 of them from Brüggen. Brüggen, which had been pushing for its own school since 1865, left the school district in 1871. For the community of Kierdorf, new school buildings were erected on Martinusplatz in 1877 and 1909.
Weimar Period and National Socialism
The Hiltrup Missionary Sisters of the Sacred Heart of Jesus established a monastery in Kierdorf in 1918. In 1920 they took over the management of a kindergarten and a sewing school, outpatient nursing and various tasks in the church.
Many Kierdorf and Roggendorf families were affected by unemployment as a result of the global economic crisis. As a result of the lack of sales, party shifts were introduced in the lignite factories and wages were cut. Most workers tried to support their families financially by changing jobs and with little support from the community. Those who were lucky found work in agriculture or as a forest worker. Almost all workers also practiced small-scale agriculture. With income from their own garden and by keeping small animals (a goat, chickens, rabbits, some a pig), the families could be poorly supplied. During the economic crisis, some unemployed people who were not supporters of the SPD or the KPD hoped for the jobs announced by Hitler. The NSDAP's share of the vote rose continuously from 7.6% in the elections in 1930 to 17.5% in March 1933. The center and the SPD each received 35% in March 1933.
After a few years, approval for the Hitler regime grew. Everyone had a job again and there was even a little prosperity.
In 1939 an outdoor swimming pool was opened in Roggendorf. It was one of the first outdoor pools in what was then the Euskirchen district.
During the Second World War, the destruction caused by air raids in Kierdorf was minimal. Before the American troops marched in, Kierdorf was under artillery fire, but this did not cause any major damage.
After the Second World War
Even after the Second World War , the municipality of Kierdorf belonged to the Liblar district.
The food shortage caused by the forced farming after the end of the Second World War hit the people of Kierdorf less hard than the city dwellers, as they were able to provide themselves with basic necessities through gardening and work in agriculture. Since the factory workers received deputate coal, which was very suitable for barter transactions, for "lapping", the coal shortage was hardly noticeable. Only a few families, especially those who had been displaced, suffered from the food shortage and lack of clothing.
End of the lignite factories
After Brendgen's death (1916), the lignite factories were managed in different legal associations until they were closed. The factory had been supplied by Concordia Liblar since 1931, when the coal fields in Zieselsmaar were exhausted, and from 1933, when the coal fields there were also exhausted, the coal came from the Türnich coal field until 1958. After the lignite production capacity was completely exhausted, the “Concordia” briquette factory in Zieselsmaar closed its doors in 1958.
Place name Kierdorf
The structure of the places was unchanged until the end of the Second World War. Kierdorf was on Heerstraße, to the southwest of Kierdorf was Roggendorf on the main road (today Wiesenstraße). Roggendorf was the larger and also more affluent place with shops and craft businesses. In the following years the arable land between Kierdorf and Roggendorf was cultivated, so that both villages became one. The former municipality name Kierdorf became the place name Kierdorf in 1954 by a resolution of the municipal council.
On July 1, 1969, Kierdorf became a district of the newly formed town of Erftstadt in the Rhein-Erft district .
Today's place
The places of the former municipality of Kierdorf have now grown together to form the Kierdorf unit. The borders between the districts of Kierdorf and Roggendorf have disappeared. The earlier shops in Roggendorf no longer exist today. The name of the inn "Haus Roggendorf" still reminds of Roggendorf. The street name Schildgenweg is reminiscent of the former small district of Schildgen. Today's inn Zingsheim, formerly Rausch, is the successor of the inn on the Schildgen that was mentioned in the 17th century. In Zieselsmaar, almost all of whose houses had been demolished because of open- cast lignite mining , a new building area was built in 2003. RWE Power sold around 25 building plots in Zieselsmaar to interested parties, all of which have now been built on.
The center of the place is the Martinusplatz with the church and the Romanesque church tower. Extensive restorations were carried out between 1978 and 1980. When installing a heater, the foundations of the old church, which was demolished in 1874, were discovered. The organ was restored by the Josef Weimbs company in 1981–1983 , the statue “Maria with Child” restored and preserved from 2000 to 2001. A war memorial site in the form of a ceramic mosaic was set up in the vestibule in 1959 , a work by Jakob Riffeler . From the old churchyard around the church there are still some gravestones and five foot drop stations on the churchyard wall. In 2011 a Catholic kindergarten was set up in the former rectory. The place also has a municipal day-care center.
The primary school is also located on Martinusplatz. After the school reform of 1968, Kierdorf kept the elementary school in which the Köttingen elementary school students have been taught since 1978. New school buildings were built in several phases until 1995. The old school buildings, both the school building from 1959 and the earlier buildings, are still largely used as classrooms.
In the building of the former public bathing establishment, which existed from 1934 to 1967, the meeting place of the workers welfare is located. The St. Josef Monastery also no longer exists. A few nuns were still working in Kierdorf until it was closed in 1982. All clubs have joined together to form a village community and try to maintain unity with their events. The Kierdorf Health Center is located in the old rooms of the St. Josef Monastery, which today sees itself as a modern therapy center for physiotherapy in Erftstadt Kierdorf and general health-promoting services and assistance. The "Geschichtskreis Kierdorf" has set itself the goal of working through the history of the place and has published several small volumes on the history of Kierdorf.
The outdoor pool is part of the townscape. When the city of Erftstadt wanted to close the pool for cost reasons, committed citizens came together to form an outdoor pool initiative that renovated the outdoor pool and has been running it since summer 2010.
Due to the lignite industry, the municipality of Kierdorf recorded strong growth. In 1876 the community had a total of 468 inhabitants, in 1910 there were a total of 729 inhabitants, in 1939 before the beginning of the Second World War 1188. The population grew steadily due to the expellees and other people willing to build. Kierdorf has 3154 inhabitants (as of March 31, 2018). The local mayor is Karl-Heinz Dirheimer (as of April 2018).
structure
The largest employers for Kierdorf are the May-Werke (milk and beverages) in Köttingen, but many Kierdorfers also work in service companies in the Cologne area or in Cologne.
Attractions
Kierdorf has some remarkable buildings that are under monument protection .
These include the St. Martinus Church with its Romanesque church tower, the Villa Louise and other houses with Brendgen clinker brick. But also the former churchyard around the church with grave crosses and foot drop stations are noteworthy.
Recreation
Cycling and hiking trails lead along the Erft and through the Ville. Lake Concordia to the east of the village, like the nearby Lake Köttinger, is one of the Villeseen in the Rhineland Nature Park . To the north is the Zieselsmaar bathing lake in the recultivated Rhenish lignite mining area .
traffic
Friedrich-Ebert-Straße, the former Heerstraße, which runs through Kierdorf, connects Kierdorf with Köttingen and Brüggen. The bus routes 955 Lechenich - Liblar Bahnhof – Türnich – Horrem and the bus route 977 Liblar Bahnhof – Türnich – Frechen, which connect Kierdorf to regional traffic, run over them.
The next motorway junctions are Erftstadt-Gymnich on the A 61 and the Hürth- Knapsack driveway for the A 1 , which is closer to Kierdorf.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d Peter Simons: The community Kierdorf. Liblar 1940, pp. 7, 38-41, 63-65 and 87-91
- ↑ Bernhard Schreiber: Archaeological finds and monuments in the Erftstadt area. Erftstadt 1999, pp. 142–143.
- ^ Fritz Wündisch: Brühl. Mosaic stones on the history of a city in the Electorate of Cologne. Cologne 1987, p. 27.
- ↑ Landesarchiv NRW Düsseldorf inventory Dietkirchen document 4 (old signature), published in Karl and Hanna Stommel: Sources for the history of the city of Erftstadt. Volume II, No. 9a (addendum)
- ^ Historical archive of the city of Cologne, inventory of Severin Repertories and Manuscripts I Bl. 165, published in: Karl and Hanna Stommel: Sources for the history of the city of Erftstadt. Volume I, No. 465.
- ^ Historical archive of the city of Cologne, inventory of the Deutz Abbey Repertories and Manuscripts II, copy of the lost Codex thiodorici
- ^ Friedrich Wilhelm Oediger: The Liber Valoris. Bonn 1967, DNB 456739475 .
- ^ Landesarchiv NRW Düsseldorf, holdings Kurköln, II 5254, Bl. 151–166
- ↑ Landesarchiv NRW Düsseldorf, holdings Zweiffel, certificate No. 28.
- ↑ Archive Schloss Gracht files 59.
- ^ Historical archive of the city of Cologne, Severin holdings, documents no. 2/72, 1/74 and 2/356.
- ↑ Archive Schloss Gracht files 59
- ^ Historical archive of the city of Cologne, inventory of Domstift files 452 B 29 Bl. 1–15, published in Stommel, Sources IV No. 2560.
- ^ Mathias Sarburg: The heroic defense of castle and town Lechenich 1642. Cologne 1643.
- ↑ Archive Schloss Gracht files 59
- ^ Archives Schloss Gracht, files 59.
- ↑ Landesarchiv NRW Düsseldorf, inventory Bottenbroich, Repertorien und Manschriften 1, Bl. 38–39.
- ↑ Hans Elmar Onnau: Bottenbroich Abbey. In: Monasteries and monasteries in the Erftkreis. Pulheim 1988, ISBN 3-7927-1044-7 , pp. 85-106.
- ↑ Schloss Gracht archive, files 59, honors bills.
- ↑ Joseph Hansen (ed.): Sources for the history of the Rhineland in the age of the French Revolution 1780-1801. Volume IV, No. 76 and No. 100, published in Stommel: Sources. Volume V, No. 3041.
- ↑ Max Bär: The administrative constitution of the Rhine Province since 1815. Bonn 1919, p. 42 ff.
- ^ Karl Stommel: The French population lists from Erftstadt. City of Erftstadt 1989, pp. 264–283.
- ↑ W. Schieder (ed.): Secularization and mediatization in the four Rhenish departments, Canton Lechenich. Boppard 1991, p. 480.
- ^ A b Bert Rombach: Kierdorf, the cradle of the Rhenish lignite mining. Kierdorf 2008, pp. 98-107.
- ↑ a b c d e f g h Peter Kievernagel, Beatrix Alsdorf: Kierdorf in old pictures. History Association Erftstadt and VHS Erftstadt (ed.), Kierdorf 2004, pp. 9–19 and 32–38.
- ↑ Peter Kievernagel: church leaders St. Martinus Kierdorf. Kierdorf 2002.
- ↑ Gabriele Rünger: Who voted for the NSDAP? In: History in the Euskirchen district. P. 143.
- ↑ Martin Bünermann: The communities of the first reorganization program in North Rhine-Westphalia . Deutscher Gemeindeverlag, Cologne 1970, p. 86 .
- ↑ Peter Kievernagel: church leaders St. Martinus Kierdorf. Kierdorf 2002.
- ↑ Peter Kievernagel: Our school in Kierdorf. Kierdorf 2010, pp. 22–38 and pp. 77–100.
- ↑ https://gesundheitszentrum-kierdorf.de/
- ↑ http://www.erftstadt.de/web/infos-zu-erftstadt/die-stadt-in-zahlen
- ↑ https://www.erftstadt.de/web/rathaus-in-erftstadt/rat-und-ausschuesse/ortsbuergermeister
literature
- Peter Simons : The community of Kierdorf . Liblar 1940.
- Karl Stommel : The population lists from Erftstadt 1798–1801 . Erftstadt 1988.
- Karl and Hanna Stommel: Sources on the history of the city of Erftstadt . Volume I-V. Erftstadt 1990–1998.
- Bert Rombach: Kierdorf - The cradle of the Rhenish lignite mine. Kierdorf 2008, ISBN 978-3-8334-9711-7 .
- Peter Kievernagel: Church leader St. Martinus Kierdorf . Kierdorf 2002.
- Peter Kievernagel, Beatrix Alsdorf: Kierdorf in old pictures . History Association Erftstadt and VHS Erftstadt (ed.), Kierdorf 2004.
- Peter Kievernagel: Our school in Kierdorf . Kierdorf 2010.
- Hanna Stommel, Frank Bartsch: Kierdorf. In: Frank Bartsch, Dieter Hoffsümmer, Hanna Stommel: Monuments in Erftstadt. updated 2007.
Web links
Coordinates: 50 ° 50 ' N , 6 ° 47' E
Ahrem | Blessem with Frauenthal | Bliesheim | Borr / Scheuren | Dirmerzheim | Erp | Friesheim | Gymnich with Mellerhöfe | Gorgeous | Kierdorf | Köttingen | Lechenich with Konradsheim | Liblar | Niederberg