List of the councils of the Principality of Lüneburg

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Map of the Principality of Lüneburg by Johannes Mellinger from 1593

The list of councils of the Principality of Lüneburg lists the members of the Central Administration of the Principality of Lüneburg .

In the 14th century a princely council was formed, which was composed primarily of members of the Lüneburg ministerial nobility. The composition of the staff was not constant, but depended on the Duke's whereabouts. Only with the development of Celle as a royal seat in the middle of the 15th century did clear council contours emerge and individual councils belonged to the duke's advisory group for a longer period of time .

The transition to the modern central administration in the 16th century was characterized by the appointment of learned councilors and the development of collegial council structures. The aristocratic councilors , now known as district administrators , increasingly lost their influence, but were still represented in the administration.

The most important councilors since that time have been the governors , the chancellors and the grand bailiffs , who were represented in leading positions in all important bodies, especially in the chamber council and in the secret council , and were considered the most distinguished councilors. In addition to these three positions, a different number of other learned councilors and noble councils were represented in the central administration. In addition, there were the officials subordinate to the councils and the office staff.

List of councils

Explanation: Since only individual periods have been researched and the source situation is difficult for these periods as well, the list is incomplete and is limited to the presentation of the governors, the grand bailiffs and the chancellor. The other councils are not considered. If the term of office is set in quotation marks, the data refer to the first or last documentary mention

Governor

Surname Term of office Remarks
The office of governor was first established in 1548 after the death of Ernst the Confessor , when his sons were still underage and a guardianship government, the so-called governors and councilors , ruled the country. This body initially remained as the highest state authority even after Franz Otto took over government in 1555 . Since then, the governor has been represented on all important bodies, including the Chamber Council and the Privy Council . In addition, the governors acted as ambassadors for the dukes and often spent several months outside the country on trips to foreign courts.
Thomas Grote 1548-1563 Thomas Grote comes from the richly wealthy Grote family in Lüneburg . He had served as a councilor under Ernst the Confessor since 1537 and was appointed first governor two years after his death. In the following years he headed the custodial government for Ernst's sons who were still underage and remained in office even after Franz Otto took over the government.
Friedrich Black 1567-1572 Friedrich Schwarze belonged to the ancient nobility of Lippe . In 1567 he was mentioned for the first time as governor in the documents, in 1572 he gave up his office for health reasons. His first marriage was to Anna von Reden and his second marriage to Ilse von Calenberg.
Seriousness of talking 1572-1579 Ernst von Reden was born around 1529 as the son of Hans von Reden and Mette von Schwicheldt and originally lived at Reden Castle near Pattensen . He acquired two farms, in 1568/70 the so-called “Red Court” in Hameln and in 1578 another farm in Göttingen. Before his appointment as governor of the Principality of Lüneburg in 1572, Drost had been in Burgdorf and was in the service of the Dukes of Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel. In 1579 he returned to Hamelin and died there after a long illness.
Christoph von Hodenberg 1580-1588 Christoph von Hodenberg came from the former noble family Hodenberg . In 1557 he was made captain von Lüchow and in the following years captain von Scharnebeck and von Winsen an der Luhe . His work as a local clerk was followed in 1580 by his appointment as governor. Hodenberg was married to Sophie von Mandelsloh. He died in October 1588.
Joachim von Staffhorst 1589-1591 Joachim von Staffhorst originally came from County Hoya . In 1589, when he was appointed governor, he was still in the service of the Count of Schaumburg. His administration was exposed to massive criticism from the other court councilors, so that he resigned from his office in 1591. In 1592 he became captain of the Burgdorf office. Staffhorst was married to Marg. Von Reden in his first marriage and to Metta von Reden in his second marriage. He died in 1599.
Hans Hartmann from Erffa 1592-1610 Hans Hartmann von Erffa originally came from Thuringia . He had already been court master in Celle before he entered the service of the Saxon Elector . In 1592 he returned to Celle and was appointed governor. Erffa's first marriage to Anna von der Asseburg and her second marriage to Margarethe Bock von Polach. He died in 1610.
Julius von Bülow 1615-1637 Julius von Bülow was born in Wolfenbüttel , where his father was the Hofschenk. From 1605 he was active as a secretary and chamber councilor in Hitzacker before he came to the Celle court in 1612 and was also appointed secret and chamber councilor there. In 1615 he was appointed governor. For reasons of age, he resigned from his office in 1637, which he had held for more than 25 years.

Chancellor

Surname Term of office Remarks
The chancellor was to the 16th century, only the head of the law firm in which the Ducal certificates were issued. It was only with the development of modern administrative structures and the appointment of learned councilors in the 16th century that he became one of the central political decision-makers in the Principality of Lüneburg . Since that time he has been represented in all important bodies, including the guardianship government of the governors and councilors , the chamber council and the secret council . In addition, he continued to head the chancellery and chaired the court until the 17th century. In addition, the chancellors acted as ambassadors for the dukes and often spent several months outside the country on trips to foreign courts.
Arnd Leste "1473" - "1474" Arnd Leste is attested as chancellor in the ducal lists of officials from 1473 and 1474.
Tylen, provost of Medingen "1475" - "1481" Tylen, provost of Medingen is attested as chancellor in the ducal official lists from 1475 to 1481.
Magister Richardus "1475" - "1481" Magister Richards is only attested as chancellor in the ducal list of officials from 1482.
Mester Gerde "1485" - "1488" Mester Gerde is attested as chancellor in the ducal official list of 1485, 1486 and 1488.
Johann Pat (h) yner "1492" - "1494" Johann Pat (h) yner is attested as chancellor in the ducal lists of officials from 1492 and 1494.
Ludwig Furster (Forester) 1515-1523 Ludwig Furster was born in Kassel around 1487 . After studying in Cologne and Bologna from 1504 to 1510, he became chancellor in 1515 under Heinrich the Middle . The office had hitherto been exercised exclusively by members of the clergy; his appointment as a graduate layperson meant a fundamental change for the central administration of the principality. In 1521 he left the Principality of Lüneburg and became Chancellor of the Archdiocese of Trier . His brother Johann followed him as Chancellor. Furster was married and had two sons and three daughters. He died before March 9, 1529.
Johann Furster 1521 (?) - 1540 Johann Furster, also a forester, was born in Kassel . He studied in Bologna from 1506 to 1513 and was ordained a Licentiatus iuris utriusque. Förster was at the same time in the service of the Bishop of Ratzeburg , the House of Braunschweig-Lüneburg and the Danish King . Presumably in 1521 he took over the office of Chancellor in the Principality of Lüneburg from his brother. His term of office was marked by the introduction of the Reformation in 1527. In 1529 he was the only non-prince to sign the protest at the Reichstag in Speyer in the name of the Duke of Celle. Domestically, he played a decisive role in the secularization of the monastery estates. Even after his departure as chancellor in 1540, he continued to work in negotiations for the dukes of Celle. Johann Förster died on November 15, 1547 in Bardowick .
Balthasar Klammer 1540-1573 Balthasar Klammer was probably born in Kaufbeuren around 1504 . After studying theology and law in Ingolstadt and Leipzig , he became a professor at the University of Marburg and a lawyer at the court there. In 1532 he was appointed court counselor in the Principality of Lüneburg, then in 1540 he was appointed chancellor and thus successor to his brother-in-law Johann Förster. Klammer is considered to be the most important chancellor of the Principality of Lüneburg, who had a decisive influence on the modernization of the administration and the judiciary in the Principality. Parallel to his services for the dukes of Celle, Klammer also worked for other princes, including the Landgrave of Hesse and the Danish king. In 1569/70 Klammer resigned as Chancellor in favor of his son-in-law Moller, but remained active as a councilor for the principality. Klammer wrote a legal compendium, which was published more than 45 times.
Joachim Moller "1565" - "1573" Joachim Moller was born on September 25, 1521 in Hamburg . After studying in Wittenberg with Philipp Melanchthon from 1532 to 1542, he studied law in Padua , Bologna and Ferrara until 1547 and received his doctorate in ecclesiastical and secular law. In 1548 he entered the service of the dukes of Celle as a councilor and held this office until 1570 when he succeeded his father-in-law Balthasar Klammer. Since there is no certificate of appointment, it is unclear whether he was officially Chancellor or only temporarily held the office. After his resignation for health reasons three years later, he continued to work as a “councilor from home” for the Celle dukes. In addition to his work for the dukes of Celle, he was also in the service of other potentates, including the dukes of Holstein , the city of Hamburg and the Danish king. Moller had held the Heiligenthal estate since 1562. In 1583 he moved to his son in Bardowick near Lüneburg and died there on August 2, 1588.
Friedrich von Wheye 1573-1601 Friedrich von Weyhe originally came from Hanover . He had already been in the service of the Celle dukes as councilor for seven years before he was appointed chancellor in 1573. During the illness of Wilhelm the Younger , tensions arose between him and the prince. Under his successor, Wheye wrote the government order dated 1593, which was fundamental for the further development of the central administration. For reasons of age he resigned from his office in 1601. He died in 1603.
Johann Hildebrand 1601-1615 Johann Hildebrand was born in Braunschweig . He had already been chancellor in the counties of Reinstein and Blankenburg and for 15 years in the rule of Harburg before he was appointed chancellor in Celle in 1601. After he had given up his office in 1615, he remained in the service of the dukes of Celle as a councilor. He died on December 31, 1629.
Erich Hedemann 1615-1627 Erich Hedemann came from the county of Diepholz . He had already worked as a counselor and lawyer for the Celle dukes at the Imperial Court of Justice in Speyer from 1596 before he became court advisor in Celle in 1599. In 1615 he was appointed chancellor. A focus of his tenure both as court counselor and as chancellor were the disputes that had been going on since 1596 over the inheritance of the principality of Grubenhagen , which in 1617 was judicially awarded to the dukes of Celle. In 1615 Hedemann was appointed imperial count palatine by the emperor Matthias. He was married to Catharina Fischer.
Goswin Merckelbach 1629-1641

Goswin Merckelbach was born on January 26, 1569 in Soest . He studied law at the Philipps University of Marburg and received his doctorate there on June 17, 1592 as a doctor of both rights. From 1595 he worked for three years as a lawyer at the Imperial Court of Justice in Speyer . In 1604 he was elected to the council of the city of Soest and held the office of mayor four times in the years up to 1617. In 1616 Merckelbach went first as a lawyer for the Principality of Lüneburg to the Imperial Court of Justice in Speyer and then to Celle , where he was sworn in on January 27, 1618 as the Princely Privy Councilor of the Principality of Lüneburg. Emperor Ferdinand II elevated him to the rank of palatine and court count on October 17, 1623 . In 1629 he became Chancellor of the Principality of Lüneburg. Merckelbach was married to Anna vom Dael in his first marriage and to Amalie von dem Brinck in his second marriage. He died on October 24, 1641.

Anton Affelmann 1642-1651 Anton Affelmann came from Soest in Westphalia. In 1642 he succeeded his father-in-law Merckelbach as Chancellor. He had been named Vice Chancellor six years earlier, the first time that this title had been awarded. Affelmann was married to Anna Elisabeth Merckelbach. He died in 1651.
Heinrich Langenbeck 1651-1665 Heinrich Langenbeck was born on March 4, 1603. After receiving his doctorate in law in 1631, he became a member of the council of the Principality of Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel . Among other things, he took part in this function at the Peace Congress in Münster in 1643 . In 1651 he became Chancellor in the Principality of Lüneburg and Dean in Bardowick. In 1665 he became chancellor in the Principality of Calenberg and in 1668 provost of Hameln. Langenbeck was married, but the marriage remained childless. He died on October 28, 1669 and was buried in Hamburg. He bequeathed his library to the church in Blumlage, which he founded .
Johann Helwig Sinold 1665-1677 Johann Helbig Sinold, called Schütz, was born on June 25, 1625. Sinold was first professor of law in Giessen , then councilor in Hesse and Reichshofrat in Vienna for 15 years. In 1665 he became Chancellor of the Principality of Lüneburg. Sinold died on July 30, 1677.

Grand bailiffs

Surname Term of office Remarks
The grand bailiffs were one of the most important positions in the central administration and represented in all important bodies, for example in the government of governors and councilors , the chamber council and the secret council . In addition, as bailiffs of the Grand Bailiwick of Celle, they were also responsible for local administration and supervised the court administration. The grand bailiffs also acted as ambassadors for the dukes and often spent several months outside the country on trips to foreign courts.
Frederick Stalknecht "1467" - "1470" Frederick Stallknecht is attested in the ducal official lists of the years 1467, 1468, 1469 and 1470 as "Vogt zu Celle".
Otto Haverber "1473" - "1482" Otto Haverber is attested in the ducal official lists for the first time in 1473, the last time in 1482 as "Vogt".
Johann Vogede "1485" - "1486" Johann Vogede is attested in the ducal official lists of the years 1485 and 1486 as "Vogt zu Celle".
Hans von Harling "1489" Hans von Harling is only attested as Vogt in the ducal official list from 1489.
Marquard van Moyessdeborg "1492" Marquard van Moyeßdeborg is only attested as Vogt in the ducal list of officials from 1492.
Cord from Bothmer "1493" - "1494" Cord von Bothmer is attested as Vogt in the ducal official lists of 1493 and 1494.
Werner von Boldensen "1495" Werner von Boldensen is only attested as Vogt in the ducal list of officials from 1495.
Ludolff von Estorf "1496" Ludolff von Estorf is only attested as Vogt in the ducal list of officials from 1496.
Dirick von Mahrenholt "1499" Dirick von Mahrenholt is only attested as Vogt in the ducal list of officials from 1499.
Curt von Alten 1520-1524 Curt von Alten came from Calenberg . He was a pledge holder of the Harburg office. Since 1520 he was in front of the Grand Bailiwick, still under the title of "Vogt zu Zell". Even after the end of his tenure in 1524 he remained as a councilor from home in the service of the Celle dukes. At the same time, von Alten was also in the service of the Bishop of Hildesheim . He died in 1539. | -
Curt von Jettebrock 1524-1529 Curt von Jettebrock was pledge holder of the Bodenteich office. From 1524 to 1529 he was under the title of "Vogt zu Zell" in front of the Grand Bailiwick.
Ludolf Klencke 1529-1534 Ludolf Klencke came from Calenberg. He was appointed Grand Bailiff in 1529, making him the first to hold this title. After the end of his tenure in 1535, he was appointed for life as a council. From 1535 to 1539 he was pledge holder of the Burgdorf office. He was married to one of speeches.
Anton von Kissleben 1535-1541 Anton von Kissleben was Grand Bailiff from 1535 to 1541.
Heinrich Haverber "1543" Heinrich Haverber is attested as Grand Bailiff only in 1543.
Georg von der Wense 1547 - "1562" Von der Wense came from the Lüneburg noble family Wense . He already served as councilor and court marshal at the Celle court before he took over the office of grand bailiff in 1547. He remained in office until at least 1562 and was still in the service of the Celle dukes afterwards. In 1571 he can be traced as Drost in Rethem . He died in 1572.
Christoph von Heimbruch 1568-1570 Christoph von Heimbruch was district administrator in the principality before he was appointed grand vogt in 1568.
Jürgen von Heimruch 1571-1578 Jürgen von Heimbruch had been captain and councilor at the court in Dannenberg since 1570, before he became Grand Vogt in Celle in 1571, succeeding his brother. In 1577 he gave up his office for health reasons.
Bar attendant from Rauschenplat "1581" - "1582" Barnwart von Rauschenplat came from the diocese of Hildesheim . He can be documented for the first time as Grand Bailiff in 1581, but at that time he may have held the office for several years.
Gabriel from Donop 1582-1589 Gabriel von Donop came from Lippe. He was appointed Grand Bailiff in 1582. There was increasing tension between him and the other councilors and he was assumed to have a bad influence on the insane Prince Wilhelm the Younger. In 1589 he resigned from office.
Rudolf von Bünau 1590-1614 Rudolf von Bünau came from Meissen . He had come to the Celler Hof as a chamberlain at the age of 18. Four years later he became a chamberlain and held this office for twelve years. He then moved to Uelzen and served the dukes as advice from home. In 1579 he returned to the court as councilor and chamberlain. From 1583 to 1590 he was a captain in Meinersen and Campe. In 1590 he was finally appointed Grand Bailiff and held this post for 24 years until his death in 1614. He was married to Dorothea von Mahrenholz.
Volrad from the ceiling 1615-1617 Volrad von der Betten came from the Kehdinger nobility. He was Drost and court marshal in Petershagen , the residence of the Duke Christian of Celle in his function as Bishop of Minden . In 1612 he was dismissed from office and from then on served as a councilor from home. At this point in time, the Duke had already given him the promise of successor to the Grand Voyager of Bünau. Despite concerns expressed later due to the age of the blankets , Duke Christian kept his promise and appointed blankets as grand bailiff in 1614. Three years later, however, there were conflicts with the duke, due to which he had to give up his office at the end of 1617. Von derdecke died in 1619.
Johann von Behr 1618-1628 Johann von Behr was born on July 5, 1577 in Edwahlen in Courland. After completing his school education, he studied together with his brother Dietrich in Tübingen , Wittenberg and Strasbourg . This was followed by trips through France, Italy, Braband and Holstein. From 1603 he managed the manor at Hoya. From 1610 he was Drost in Ahlden and from 1618 Grand Vogt in Celle. In 1624 he was enfeoffed for himself and his heirs with the office of hereditary kitchen master and inheritance tavern of the Principality of Lüneburg. Behr was married to Maria von Bothmer and had four sons and five daughters. Von Behr died in Celle on August 27, 1628.
Dietrich von Behr 1628-1632 Dietrich von Behr was born on December 4, 1575 in Edwalen. After completing his school education, he studied together with his brother Dietrich in Tübingen, Wittenberg and Strasbourg. In 1613 he received the property Stellichte, Häuslingen, the Burglehn zu Rethem and half of the Münchhof estate. As early as 1610 he had a manor chapel built in Stellichte , which still exists today. From 1615 Behr was a secret chamber councilor in the Principality of Lüneburg and from 1617 to 1625 Landdrost in the Principality of Grubenhagen, which at the time belonged to Lüneburg. From 1628 he was Grand Vogt of Celle and Drost in Hoya. Behr was first married to Elisabeth Magdalene von Bothmer, with whom he had a son. In his second marriage he married Dorothea von der Asseburg, with whom he had four daughters. Behr died on December 2, 1632.
Hermann Balthasar Klammer 1633-1634 Hermann Balthasar Klammer was the grandson of Chancellor Balthasar Klammer. He came to the Celler court as a noble boy in 1600 and was appointed chamberlain in 1608. Since 1614 he was a captain in Burgdorf. In 1633 he was appointed Grand Bailiff, but died in 1633 after only two and a half years of service.
Georg von der Wense 1634-1640 Georg von der Wense was born on May 20, 1582 in Eldingen . After completing his school education, he began a multi-year cavalier tour during which he toured Switzerland, France and Italy, among others, interrupted by study visits to Geneva and Altdorf. From 1611 he managed the family property together with his mother. In 1616/17 he accompanied Duke Georg von Calenberg to the emperor in Prague. In 1619 he took over Fallersleben as captain , became district administrator and was ambassador to the court in Vienna. In 1631 he was accepted into the Fruit Bringing Society by Prince Ludwig I of Anhalt-Köthen . From 1634 to 1640 Wense was Grand Vogt of Celle. At Easter 1640 he resigned from his offices for health reasons. Wense was married to Elisabeth Sophie von Bodendorf. He died in Celle on August 2, 1641.
Thomas Grote 1640-1657 Thomas Freiherr Grote was born on December 26, 1594. After a school education in Halle, Grote studied from 1610 to 1618 in Helmstedt and Marburg . In 1619 he entered the service of the Dukes of Saxony-Weimar and accompanied the two youngest brothers of the reigning Duke Johann Ernst to the University of Jena . He remained Hofmeister to Duke Bernhard until 1620. He then went on trips that took him through the Netherlands, England, France and Italy. In 1624 he entered the service of Duke August the Younger as Privy Councilor and Court Master. From 1627 to 1637 he was in the service of the Dukes Alexander and Christian of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg and was secretary and chamberlain with Duke Friedrich in Celle. In 1640 he was appointed Grand Bailiff of Celle. Grote was married to Bertha Katharina von Ahlefeld and had 17 children with her. He died on February 11, 1657 in Celle.

literature

  • Hans Joachim von der Ohe: The central and court administration of the Principality of Lüneburg and their officials , 1955
  • Günther Franz : Administrative history of the administrative district Lüneburg , Bremen 1955
  • Ernst Schubert : History of Lower Saxony. Volume 2. Part 1. Politics, constitution, economy from the 9th to the end of the 15th century. Hanover 1997, ISBN 3-7752-5900-7

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ For the development of the central administration see: Ernst Schubert : History of Lower Saxony from the 9th to the end of the 15th century. In: Ernst Schubert (Ed.): History of Lower Saxony. Volume 2. Part 1. Politics, constitution, economy from the 9th to the end of the 15th century. Hannover 1997, ISBN 3-7752-5900-7 , pp. 3-904; Pp. 656-663
  2. ↑ For the history of the central administration see: Günther Franz , Verwaltungsgeschichte des Verwaltungsgeschichte des Lüneburg , Bremen 1955, pp. 13-25
  3. ↑ For the development of the modern central administration see: Hans Joachim von der Ohe: Die Zentral- und Hofverwaltung des Fürstentums Lüneburg and their officials , 1955
  4. ↑ For the development of the modern central administration see: Hans Joachim von der Ohe: Die Zentral- und Hofverwaltung des Fürstentums Lüneburg and their officials , 1955
  5. ↑ For the office of governor see: Hans Joachim von der Ohe: Die Zentral- und Hofverwaltung des Fürstentums Lüneburg and their officials , 1955
  6. ↑ For Thomas Grote see: Hans Joachim von der Ohe: Die Zentral- und Hofverwaltung des Fürstentums Lüneburg and their officials , 1955, p. 81
  7. ↑ For Friedrich Schwarze see: Hans Joachim von der Ohe: Die Zentral- und Hofverwaltung des Fürstentums Lüneburg and their officials , 1955, p. 81
  8. ↑ On Ernst von Reden see: Archived copy ( Memento from January 22, 2012 in the Internet Archive )
  9. ↑ On Christoph von Hodenberg see: Hans Joachim von der Ohe: Die Zentral- und Hofverwaltung des Fürstentums Lüneburg and their officials , 1955, p. 81
  10. ↑ On Joachim von Staffhorst see: Hans Joachim von der Ohe: Die Zentral- und Hofverwaltung des Fürstentums Lüneburg and their officials , 1955, p. 81
  11. ↑ For Hans Hartmann von Erffa see: Hans Joachim von der Ohe: Die Zentral- und Hofverwaltung des Fürstentums Lüneburg and their officials , 1955, p. 81
  12. ↑ On Julius von Bülow see: Hans Joachim von der Ohe: Die Zentral- und Hofverwaltung des Fürstentums Lüneburg and their officials , 1955, p. 81
  13. ↑ For the office of the Chancellor see: Hans Joachim von der Ohe: The Central and Court Administration of the Principality of Lüneburg and their Officials , 1955
  14. ↑ See: Otto v. Boehn: Anna von Nassau, Duchess of Braunschweig-Lüneburg, pp. 118–120
  15. ↑ See: Otto v. Boehn: Anna von Nassau, Duchess of Braunschweig-Lüneburg, pp. 118–120
  16. ↑ See: Otto v. Boehn: Anna von Nassau, Duchess of Braunschweig-Lüneburg, pp. 118–120
  17. ↑ See: Otto v. Boehn: Anna von Nassau, Duchess of Braunschweig-Lüneburg, pp. 118–120
  18. ↑ See: Otto v. Boehn: Anna von Nassau, Duchess of Braunschweig-Lüneburg, pp. 118–120
  19. ↑ For Ludwig Furster see: Hans Joachim von der Ohe: Die Zentral- und Hofverwaltung des Fürstentums Lüneburg and their officials , 1955, p. 97
  20. ↑ On Johann Furster see: Hans Joachim von der Ohe: Die Zentral- und Hofverwaltung des Fürstentums Lüneburg and their officials , 1955, p. 97
  21. ^ Albrecht Eckhardt:  Klammer, Balthasar. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 11, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1977, ISBN 3-428-00192-3 , pp. 704 f. ( Digitized version ).
  22. ↑ Joachim Brauss:  Moller, v., Joachim d. J .. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 17, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1994, ISBN 3-428-00198-2 , pp. 741 f. ( Digitized version ).
  23. ↑ On Friedrich von Weyhe see: Hans Joachim von der Ohe: The Central and Court Administration of the Principality of Lüneburg and their Officials , 1955, p. 97
  24. ↑ On Johann Hildebrandt see: Hans Joachim von der Ohe: Die Zentral- und Hofverwaltung des Fürstentums Lüneburg and their officials , 1955, p. 97
  25. ↑ For Erich Hedemann see: http://www.rambow.de/hofrat-erich-hedemann.html
  26. ↑ For Merckelbach see: Hans Rupprecht: The Merckelbach in the service of the city of Soest from 1563 to 1661 . In: Soester Zeitschrift 81 (1969), pp. 58-78.
  27. ↑ On Anton Affelmann see: Hans Joachim von der Ohe: Die Zentral- und Hofverwaltung des Fürstentums Lüneburg and their officials , 1955, p. 97
  28. ↑ On Langenbeck see: UFC Manecke: Biographical Sketches from the Chancellors of the Dukes of Braunschweig-Lüneburg , Lüneburg, 1823, p. 13
  29. ↑ On Sinold see: UFC Manecke: Biographical Sketches from the Chancellors of the Dukes of Braunschweig-Lüneburg , Lüneburg, 1823, p. 14
  30. ↑ For the office of the Grand Vogte see: Hans Joachim von der Ohe: Die Zentral- und Hofverwaltung des Fürstentums Lüneburg and their officials , 1955
  31. ↑ See: Otto v. Boehn: Anna von Nassau, Duchess of Braunschweig-Lüneburg, pp. 118–120
  32. ↑ See: Otto v. Boehn: Anna von Nassau, Duchess of Braunschweig-Lüneburg, pp. 118–120
  33. ↑ See: Otto v. Boehn: Anna von Nassau, Duchess of Braunschweig-Lüneburg, pp. 118–120
  34. ↑ See: Otto v. Boehn: Anna von Nassau, Duchess of Braunschweig-Lüneburg, pp. 118–120
  35. ↑ See: Otto v. Boehn: Anna von Nassau, Duchess of Braunschweig-Lüneburg, pp. 118–120
  36. ↑ See: Otto v. Boehn: Anna von Nassau, Duchess of Braunschweig-Lüneburg, pp. 118–120
  37. ↑ See: Otto v. Boehn: Anna von Nassau, Duchess of Braunschweig-Lüneburg, pp. 118–120
  38. ↑ See: Otto v. Boehn: Anna von Nassau, Duchess of Braunschweig-Lüneburg, pp. 118–120
  39. ↑ See: Otto v. Boehn: Anna von Nassau, Duchess of Braunschweig-Lüneburg, pp. 118–120
  40. ^ For Curt von Alten see: Hans Joachim von der Ohe: Die Zentral- und Hofverwaltung des Fürstentums Lüneburg and their officials , 1955, p. 88
  41. ↑ For Curt von Jettebrock see: Hans Joachim von der Ohe: Die Zentral- und Hofverwaltung des Fürstentums Lüneburg and their officials , 1955, p. 88
  42. ↑ For Ludolf Klencke see: Hans Joachim von der Ohe: Die Zentral- und Hofverwaltung des Fürstentums Lüneburg and their officials , 1955, p. 88
  43. ↑ On Anton von Kissleben see: Hans Joachim von der Ohe: Die Zentral- und Hofverwaltung des Fürstentums Lüneburg and their officials , 1955, p. 88
  44. ↑ On Heinrich Haverber see: Hans Joachim von der Ohe: Die Zentral- und Hofverwaltung des Fürstentums Lüneburg and their officials , 1955, p. 88
  45. ↑ For Jürgen von der Wense see: Hans Joachim von der Ohe: Die Zentral- und Hofverwaltung des Fürstentums Lüneburg and their officials , 1955, p. 88
  46. ↑ On Christoph von Heimbruch see: Hans Joachim von der Ohe: Die Zentral- und Hofverwaltung des Fürstentums Lüneburg and their officials , 1955, p. 88
  47. ↑ For Jürgen von Heimbruch see: Hans Joachim von der Ohe: Die Zentral- und Hofverwaltung des Fürstentums Lüneburg and their officials , 1955, p. 88
  48. ↑ On Barwart von Rauschenplat see: Hans Joachim von der Ohe: Die Zentral- und Hofverwaltung des Fürstentums Lüneburg and their officials , 1955, p. 88
  49. ↑ On Gabriel von Donop see: Hans Joachim von der Ohe: Die Zentral- und Hofverwaltung des Fürstentums Lüneburg and their officials , 1955, p. 88
  50. ↑ On Rudolf von Bünau see: Hans Joachim von der Ohe: Die Zentral- und Hofverwaltung des Fürstentums Lüneburg and their officials , 1955, p. 88
  51. ↑ On Volrad von der Betten see: Hans Joachim von der Ohe: The Central and Court Administration of the Principality of Lüneburg and their Officials , 1955, p. 88
  52. ↑ For Johann von Behr see: http://www.arendi.de/_Behr/Generation%2015.htm
  53. ↑ For Dietrich von Behr see: http://www.arendi.de/_Behr/Generation%2015.htm
  54. ↑ On Hermann Klammer see: Hans Joachim von der Ohe: Die Zentral- und Hofverwaltung des Fürstentums Lüneburg and their officials , 1955, p. 88
  55. ↑ On Georg von der Wense see: Hans Joachim von der Ohe: Die Zentral- und Hofverwaltung des Fürstentums Lüneburg and their officials , 1955, p. 88
  56. ↑ For Thomas Grote see: Hans Joachim von der Ohe: Die Zentral- und Hofverwaltung des Fürstentums Lüneburg and their officials , 1955, p. 88