List of stumbling blocks in Deggendorf

Stumbling blocks in Deggendorf

The list of stumbling blocks in Deggendorf contains the stumbling blocks that were laid by the Cologne artist Gunter Demnig in the Lower Bavarian district town of Deggendorf . Stumbling blocks remind of the fate of the people who were murdered, deported, expelled or driven to suicide by the National Socialists . As a rule, they are in front of the victim's last self-chosen place of residence.

The first and so far only relocations in Deggendorf took place on October 2, 2012. The proposal to become part of Demnig's project was made by the Green Councilor Renate Franzel.

On the history of the Jewish community

The murder of Jews in Deggendorf

Jews lived in Deggendorf by the 13th century at the latest. On September 30, 1338, the Deggendorf population under the leadership of their city judge Conrad von Freyberg burned or killed over 400 Jewish men, women and children, all of the local Jews. Many of the city's citizens were heavily indebted to Jewish merchants and moneylenders. Instead of paying their debts, they murdered and robbed the Jews. The accusation that was subsequently constructed (verbally in 1361, in writing in 1388) was of desecration of the host, a basic pattern of the medieval pogroms against the Jews . The Bavarian duke pardoned, although the duke had assured the Jews of his protection against money. The Deggendorfer were allowed to keep their booty, and the Regensburg bishop also forgave them. The pogrom in Deggendorf was the trigger for more than 20 other pogroms beyond the borders of old Bavaria. In place of the synagogue, which was probably destroyed at the time, the Deggendorfer built a church, the Heilig-Grab-Kirche , consecrated in 1360. From September 30 to October 4, 1361, a procession took place for the first time to commemorate the pogrom with a five-day indulgence , called Deggendorfer Gnad . With this annual procession, anti-Semitism of the Middle Ages was carried on into the 20th century. The pilgrimage became a lucrative source of income for Deggendorf: around 40,000 pilgrims came to the procession in 1721 - in the firm belief that Jews had desecrated hosts there in 1338. Only in 1992 was the pilgrimage banned by the Regensburg bishop. After the centuries-long settlement ban in Bavaria was lifted, two Jews settled in Deggendorf again in 1871, and in 1880 eight of the 6,226 inhabitants were Jewish. When the National Socialists came to power, 17 Jewish residents lived in Deggendorf. In 1933, a resident master painter had demanded that the then incumbent mayor Anton Reus remove all Jews immediately, but he refused. Even the threat by the painter Reus to throw out the window did nothing to change the rejection of the demand. Reus became a member of the NSDAP, but was removed from office. The first boycott of Jewish shops took place on April 1, 1933, affecting Lauchheimer & Roederer , the Merkur department store and the Silber department store . The Silber department store existed until 1935, the Merkur department store was sold in 1936.

In April 1942 only 8 people of Jewish faith lived in Deggendorf. In mid-March 1942, the Lauchheimer and Schwarz families, who lived in Deggendorf, received leaflets from the Gestapo . They were told: "You will find a new home in the East and live and work there unmolested!" For the departure to their new “home” they were allowed to take a suitcase, a rucksack and a bed roll with them. Grocery cards had to be handed in, and the apartments had to be handed over cleaned. The luggage had to be brought to the police station on Thursday, April 2, 1942, and the families affected had to stand in front of the town hall on Good Friday, April 3, 1942.

Deggendorf sanatorium, later barracks, later camp for Holocaust survivors

On the eve of the evacuation, all the Jewish families, including the Roederer family friends who had not yet been ordered to be transported, had gathered at a family friend's house, later they went to the Lauchheimer-Roederer's apartment, and two former employees also came to say goodbye. The next day both families were brought to Regensburg by truck and deported from there "to the east". "Moved unknown" was noted in their files. A few weeks later, on May 29, 1942, the Roederer family also had to leave Deggendorf and in September 1942 the elderly couple were deported to Theresienstadt . On May 29, 1942 Deggendorf was " Judenrein ". Immediately after the fall of the Nazi regime, Deggendorf had a large Jewish community for about four years. In the medical and hospital Deggendorf , used by the Nazi regime as a barracks, was established in September 1945, UNRRA established -Camp. At times, up to 2,000 people were accommodated there, some of them displaced persons and some survivors from Theresienstadt. The largest proportion were subsequently made up of Polish Jews who had fled after the Kielce pogrom and other acts of violence in 1946. Kosher cuisine was provided in the camp , there was a prayer room, a Talmud Torah school and a ritual bath, as well as educational and cultural facilities such as a kindergarten, elementary school, vocational school and library. A separate currency was issued for the warehouse. The camp police took care of the security.

List of stumbling blocks

The table is partially sortable; the basic sorting is done alphabetically according to the family name.

image	inscription	Location	Person, life
	ILSE LAUCHHEIMER JG LIVED HERE . 1921 DEPORTED 1942 FATE UNKNOWN	Upper town square 13	Ilse Amalie Lauchheimer was born on April 3, 1921. She was the daughter of Julius Isidor Lauchheimer from her first marriage with Rosa geb. Neuburger. She had an older sister who was born in 1911. Her mother died in 1934. On April 3, 1942, on Good Friday , she was brought to Regensburg in a truck with her father, stepmother and the Scharf family and from there deported to an extermination camp in the east. Ilse Amalie Lauchheimer and her family were murdered there by the Nazi regime as part of the Shoah . Ilse Lauchheimer's sister moved to Munich in 1934 and then emigrated to the USA, where she became a married Rothschild and lived with her husband in Los Angeles.
	HERE LIVED JULIUS ISIDOR LEEK HEIMER JG. 1877 'SCHUTZHAFT' 1938 DACHAU DEPORTED 1942 FATE UNKNOWN	Upper town square 13	Julius Isidor Lauchheimer was born on June 18, 1877 in Schopfloch in Middle Franconia . His parents were Samuel Lauchheimer (1846–1932) and Sara geb. Jandorf (1850-1924). He had five sisters and five brothers. He served in World War I and has received multiple awards for his bravery. Lauchheimer was married twice. With his first wife, Rosa geb. Neuburger, died in 1934, he had at least two daughters, the older one was born in 1911, the younger, Ilse, in 1921. His second wife was Klementine nee. Haas. He founded a clothing and textile shop on Oberer Stadtplatz, which he ran together with his relative Leopold Röderer. Today the Dettweiler shoe store is located here. The shop was closed during the November pogroms in 1938 and it was the last Jewish shop in town. Isidor Lauchheimer was imprisoned in the Dachau concentration camp . In December 1938 he and Roederer were fired and they had to sell the office building. They were left with an apartment in the house, which the two families lived together. The Lauchheimers tried to flee, the chief physician of the local hospital, Wilhelm Holz, had prescribed them “a cardiac treatment abroad”, but the authorities refused to give their consent. On April 3, 1942, on Good Friday , he was brought to Regensburg in a truck with his daughter, his second wife and the Scharf family, and from there they were deported to an extermination camp in the east. Julius Isidor Lauchheimer and his family were murdered there by the Nazi regime as part of the Shoah . Furthermore, his sister Paula, married Jochsberger, as well as her husband Ignatz and the couple's son, Otto David, were murdered. His older daughter was able to survive the Shoah in emigration. She became a married Rothschild and lived with her husband in Los Angeles . She and her cousin, the surviving daughter of the Roederers, had a Munich lawyer settle their inheritance claims regarding the Aryanized and auctioned property of their parents.
	HERE LIVED CLEMENTINE LEEK HEIMER GEB. HAAS JG. DEPORTED 1896 1942 UNKNOWN FATE	Upper town square 13	Klementine Lauchheimer , b. Haas was born on November 18, 1896 in Neudenau . She married Julius Isidor Lauchheimer, a businessman in Deggendorf. She was his second wife. The marriage remained childless. The couple looked for a way to get out of the country and get themselves and their husband's daughter to safety. The attempt failed, even though the chief physician of the local hospital, Wilhelm Holz, had prescribed “a heart treatment abroad”. The authorities refused to give their consent. Klementine Lauchheimer was deported via Regensburg to an extermination camp in the east in April 1942, together with her husband and stepdaughter. On April 3, 1942, on Good Friday , she was brought to Regensburg in a truck with her husband and her younger stepdaughter and the Scharf family, and from there they were deported to an extermination camp in the east. Klementine Lauchheimer and her family were murdered there by the Nazi regime as part of the Shoah .
	EMMA ROEDERER GEB. LIVED HERE. NEUBURGER JG. DEPORTED 1885 1942 THERESIENSTADT MURDERED AUSCHWITZ IN 1944	Upper town square 13	Emma Roederer , also Röderer, b. Neuburger was born on February 14, 1885 in Cham . She married Leopold Roederer, a businessman in Deggendorf. The family escaped deportation from Deggendorf as a doctor certified that Emma Roederer would not be able to be transported. On May 29, 1942, the Roederers had to leave Deggendorf and last lived in a collective apartment at Schäffnerstrasse 2 in Regensburg. On August 24, 1942, they sold their securities and on September 8, they transferred 22,000 RM to the Reich Association of German Jews, for which they are to be accommodated in the retirement home in Theresienstadt. Emma Roederer and her husband had brought their bedroom furniture with them, but in the end they were only allowed to take one handbag with them. On September 23, 1942, the couple were deported from Nuremberg to Theresienstadt with Transport II / 26, Zug Da 518. Emma Roedere's number on the transport was 640. On May 18, 1944, she was deported from Theresienstadt to Auschwitz on Transport Eb. Emma Roederer did not survive the Shoah; she lost her life in Auschwitz in 1944. Her husband probably lost his life on January 26, 1944 in Theresienstadt before he left for Auschwitz.
	LEOPOLD ROEDERER JG LIVED HERE . DEPORTED 1876 1942 THERESIENSTADT MURDERED 01/26/1944	Upper town square 13	Leopold Roederer was born on April 12, 1876 in Schmieheim . He was a businessman in Deggendorf. He and his first wife had a daughter Lotte Sophie, born in 1914. In his second marriage he was born with Emma. Neuburger married. In the so-called “ Reichskristallnacht ”, the November pogrom of the German National Socialists against the Jews in 1938, the 30 years of successful business activity of the Lauchheimer and Roederer families came to an end. Posters proclaimed “Jewish business, closed from today”. Although there was no demolition, the two owners, Julius Isidor Lauchheimer and Leopold Roederer, were arrested and taken into so-called “ protective custody ”. There was no arrest warrant or court order. They were taken to the Dachau concentration camp . After they were released, they had to sell their office building. But they were allowed to live in an apartment in the house together with the Lauchheimer family. An expert opinion from a doctor, which confirmed that his wife was not fit for transport, saved the couple from deportation, during which the other two families still remaining in Deggendorf, the befriended couple Lauchheimer and the Scharf family, were deported. The Roederer couple had to leave Deggendorf on May 29, 1942 and most recently lived in a collective apartment at Schäffnerstrasse 2 in Regensburg . They sold their securities, paid 22,000 RM to the Reich Association of German Jews and bought a place in the “old people's home” in Theresienstadt. On September 23, 1942, the couple were deported from Nuremberg to Theresienstadt with Transport II / 26, Zug Da 518. His number on this transport was 639. Leopold Roederer was murdered on January 26, 1944 in Theresienstadt. His property was confiscated by the Nazi state, the movable belongings were auctioned off. His wife was murdered by the Nazi regime in Auschwitz that same year. His daughter had fled to England in 1939, from there she went to New York, where she lived as Lotte S. Frost. She and her cousin, the surviving daughter of the Lauchheimers, had her inheritance claim regarding the Aryanized and auctioned property of her parents settled through a Munich lawyer.
	HEINRICH SCHARF JG LIVED HERE . DEPORTED 1880 1942 UNKNOWN FATE	Horse market 8	Heinrich Scharf was born on July 3, 1880 in Kolomyja , today Ukraine. He was disabled during the First World War and covered his living expenses with peddlers. He had a son from his first marriage, Felix Ephraim, born in 1918. In his second marriage he was with Paula, geb. Castle, married. He had a daughter, Regina (born 1931), from this marriage. After the National Socialists came to power, Heinrich Scharf and his wife believed that attacks and anti-Semitic riots were “a temporary exception” - even though he himself had been severely harassed by SA men on his trips in April 1933. The son disagreed. In 1939 he obtained the secondary school leaving certificate at the Fürth Realschule and immediately afterwards emigrated to Palestine. Since starting school in 1937, daughter Regina lived in a children's home run by the Israelite youth welfare service in Munich. In 1938 the Scharfs had to leave their apartment and move into a smaller apartment at 12 Horse Market. Heinrich Scharf and his wife wanted to follow their son to Palestine, applied for alien passports, but were refused to leave the country. Their situation became more and more desperate. For example, in 1941 men's socks, a tie and nine wool strands were seized at Paula Sharp in December because they so smuggling wanted to operate. However, these goods are subject to state management. Heinrich Scharf was brought to Regensburg in a truck on April 3, 1942, on Good Friday , together with his wife and daughter as well as the Lauchheimer family and deported from there to an extermination camp in the east. Heinrich Scharf, his wife and daughter did not survive the Shoah. Felix Ephraim Scharf survived in Jerusalem. He became head of department in the Jewish National Fund (JNF) and visited his hometown for the first time in 1978.
	HERE LIVED PAULA SHARP GEB. SCHLOSS JG. DEPORTED 1896 1942 UNKNOWN FATE	Horse market 8	Paula Scharf born Schloss was born on October 20, 1896 in Georgensgmünd . She was Heinrich Scharf's second wife. The couple had a daughter, Regina, born in 1931. Paula Scharf was brought to Regensburg in a truck on April 3, 1942, on Good Friday , together with her husband and daughter and the Lauchheimer family, and from there they were deported to an extermination camp in the east. Paula Scharf and her family did not survive the Shoah.
	REGINA SCHARF JG LIVED HERE . 1931 DEPORTED 1942 FATE UNKNOWN	Horse market 8	Regina Scharf was born on October 23, 1931 in Deggendorf. Her parents were Heinrich Scharf and Paula geb. Lock. She had a half-brother from her father's first marriage, Felix Ephraim. From 1937 she lived in a children's home run by the Israelite youth welfare service in Munich. On April 3, 1942, Regina and her parents were brought to Regensburg in a truck. During the deportation she forgot her doll “in the excitement of the waking night”. Regina Scharf was deported to an extermination camp in the east and murdered together with her parents.

laying

Gunter Demnig laid the stumbling blocks on October 2, 2012.

Renaming of streets

In memory of the expelled and murdered Jewish families, three Deggendorfer streets were renamed: Lauchheimerstraße, Roedererstraße and Scharfstraße. Xaver Winter , a respected citizen of Deggendorf and ex-city councilor, submitted the application to the citizens' meeting on February 28, 1962 . He had been imprisoned in the Dachau concentration camp and was one of the founders of the Communist Party of Germany in Lower Bavaria after the fall of the Nazi regime . The city council followed Winter's request. Felix Ephraim Scharf, who was able to flee in time, thanked him with 50 trees that he had planted on the outskirts of Nazareth . In 1985, the incumbent mayor Dieter Görlitz took part in an international mayors' conference in Jerusalem, met with Scharf and planted another 27 trees. In 1996 Amalie Rothschild, née Lauchheimer, asked for a city map with proof of the existence of Lauchheimer Straße, which revealed that the city council's decision in 1962 for Lauchheimer Straße was not implemented. Mayor Görlitz only made up for this after it became known.

literature

• Lutz-Dieter Behrendt: Deggendorf - Small town history. Verlag Friedrich Pustet, Regensburg 2017, ISBN 978-3-7917-2646-5 .

Web links

Commons : Stolpersteine ​​in Deggendorf  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

• Chronicle of the laying of the stumbling blocks on the website of Gunter Demnig's project

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b c} Alemannia judaica: Deggendorf (district town): Jüdische Geschichte , accessed on August 11, 2019
2. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h i j k} S. Michael Westerholz: Remembrance of Nazi Victims: Zigzag Course in Deggendorf , February 4, 2012
3. ↑ Deggendorf (Bavaria) , accessed on August 11, 2019
4. ↑ ^{a b} Alemannia judaica: Lauchheimer Family of Schopfloch , accessed on August 11, 2019 (English).
5. ↑ Yad Vashem : ILSE LAUCHHEIMER , accessed on August 12, 2019
6. ↑ Yad Vashem: Paula Jochsberger , based on a report from her daughter Ilze Unger
7. ↑ Yad Vashem: Ignatz Yitzkhak Jochsberger , based on a report from his daughter Ilze Unger
8. ↑ Yad Vashem: Otto David Jochsberger , based on a report from his sister Ilze Unger
9. ↑ The Central Database of Shoah Victims' Names: Klementine Lauchheimer , based on the memorial book - Victims of the Persecution of Jews under the National Socialist Tyranny 1933–1945, accessed on February 1, 2020
10. ^ A source (Siegfried Wittmer) gives the Transport Ost V / 44
11. ^ ^{A b} Siegfried Wittmer: Regensburger Juden , Jüdisches Leben from 1591 to 1990, Regensburger Studien und Quellen zur Kulturgeschichte, p. 412
12. ↑ The Central Database of Shoah Victims' Names : Emma Roederer , based on the Theresienstädter Gedenkbuch, accessed on January 31, 2020
13. ↑ The Central Database of Shoah Victims' Names: Emma Roederer , based on the memorial book - Victims of the Persecution of Jews under National Socialist Tyranny 1933–1945, accessed on January 31, 2020
14. ↑ ^{a b} Lutz-Dieter Behrendt: Deggendorf - Small town history. Verlag Friedrich Pustet, Regensburg 2017, ISBN 978-3-7917-2646-5 , pp. 167-171
15. ↑ Yad Vashem has two entries on the person, both accessed on August 16, 2019:
    • HEINRICH SCHARF , based on an entry in the memorial book of the Federal Archives,
    • HEINRICH SCHARF , based on a witness sheet from Efraim Sherf, his son.
16. ↑ Yad Vashem has two entries on the person, both accessed on August 16, 2019:
    • PAULA SCHARF , based on an entry in the memorial book of the Federal Archives,
    • PAULA SCHARF , based on a witness sheet from Efraim Sherf, her stepson.
17. ↑ Yad Vashem has two entries on the person, both accessed on August 16, 2019:
    • REGINA SCHARF , based on an entry in the memorial book of the Federal Archives,
    • REGINA SCHARF , based on a witness sheet from Efraim Sherf, her half-brother.

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