List of stumbling blocks in Neumarkt in der Oberpfalz

Stumbling blocks in Neumarkt in the Upper Palatinate

The list of stumbling blocks in Neumarkt in der Oberpfalz contains the stumbling stones that were laid by the Cologne artist Gunter Demnig in the large district town of Neumarkt in der Oberpfalz . Stumbling blocks remind of the fate of the people who were murdered, deported, expelled or driven to suicide by the National Socialists . As a rule, they are in front of the victim's last self-chosen place of residence.

The first relocations in Neumarkt in the Upper Palatinate took place on May 27, 2016.

Jewish history of Neumarkt

A Jewish community existed as early as the Middle Ages and was repeatedly affected by persecution, excesses and displacement. In 1298 Jews are said to have been burned in the synagogue during the so-called "beef persecution". During the plague time of 1348/49 there were again riots and the destruction of Jewish life in the city. The synagogue became the property of the elector, but was later returned. In 1391 all Jews were expelled from the Palatinate, again in 1499, and most recently in 1555. After that, there were no Jews in the city for more than 300 years. The mikvah in the cellar of the “Schreiber-Haus” in Bräugasse, dating from the second half of the 15th century, was filled in in 1610 at the latest.

In 1862 the family of Salomo Oettinger settled in Neumarkt. This was followed by immigration from surrounding rural communities, especially from Sulzbürg , and a new community emerged. In 1890 this number reached 162 people, at that time 2.8% of the population. The Jewish community had an elementary school and a cemetery, and a new mikveh was built around 1900. From 1911 to 1935 Neumarkt was the seat of the district rabbinate.

The rise of the city in the second half of the 19th century can easily be attributed to the rural exodus on the one hand, and the business acumen of the newly settled Jews on the other. The city's official website reads: “The economic development of Neumarkt from 1870 onwards is inconceivable without the Jewish families from Sulzbuerg.” The Jews integrated quickly, but also ensured that their cultural and religious identity was preserved. The cloth business of the first Jewish citizen of the city, Salomon Oettinger, was sold in 1906 to Messrs. Kraus and Ambach, who continued it with great success.

In 1882, the Goldschmidt brothers established the first bicycle factory in Europe, the Velocipedfabrik , from which the Express Werke emerged and became the largest bicycle factory in Europe. In the course of time the company became one of the most important industrial companies in Neumarkt, which eventually produced motorcycles and cars in addition to bicycles. In 1938 the factory was Aryanized. The Dreichlinger & Goldschmidt sawmill was also in Jewish hands and contributed to the city's prosperity. The city's conclusion: "The Jews were excellently integrated in Neumarkt."

Pogrom, expropriation, deportation and murder

In 1933, 105 people of the Jewish faith lived in Neumarkt. By 1938, due to increasing reprisals, another thirty parishioners left the city.

The National Socialists also raged in Neumarkt during the November pogroms . There were attacks on Jewish shops and homes. The synagogue was devastated, the interior of the prayer room smashed, the Torah scrolls torn up and the parish archives seized. The classrooms and the apartments on the upper floor were not spared either. Josef Neustädter, who lived there, was beaten so brutally that, according to eyewitness reports, “blood spurted out of his head like a fountain”. He was then not taken to a hospital, but to the Neumarkt prison for “protective custody”. Helene Baruch, who also lives there, was pushed down the stairs. There was abuse elsewhere as well, sometimes resulting in death. After three days, the Jews who were “fit for work”, including the seriously injured Josef Neustädter, were transferred to the Gestapo in Regensburg. This sent the Neumarkt Jews on to the Dachau concentration camp . After the excesses of November 1938, the connecting social network between Jews and non-Jews in Neumarkt was definitely broken. Even if individual citizens offered hidden help, it was clear to the remaining Jewish citizens that they were no longer safe in their hometown. The head of the community, Ludwig Landecker, and Leopold Löw had died as a result of the abuse suffered during the night of the Reichspogrom. At the end of 1941, the Jews who remained in the city were divided into three so-called “ Jewish houses ”. One of these quarters was the former synagogue, desecrated in November 1938. Another Julius Neustädter had to live there with the Landecker family.

Finally, on Good Friday, April 3, 1942, all Jews from Neumarkt under 65 years of age were arrested by the local police and taken to the "Ostbahn" inn. The restaurant in what was then Hindenburgstrasse, today's Bahnhofstrasse, was chosen by the Gestapo as a meeting point because it was located near the train station. The 15 arrested Jews were quickly and largely unnoticed by the population taken to the train station and from there deported to Regensburg. The next day a transport started with a total of 989 Jews to the Piaski ghetto in Poland. Each Neumarkt Jew had to pay 50 Reichsmark travel money as compensation for travel expenses to the extermination camps. In addition, all valuables were confiscated, for example Julius Neustädter had to give his bicycle and all the cash that was left to him, 11.85 RM, to the Nazi thugs. A confidential act by the Regensburg Gestapo on March 26, 1942 shows that the Jewish action was meticulously planned. All Jews deported on that day were murdered by the Nazi regime. With another deportation on May 28, 1942, Neumarkt was finally “Jew-free”. The synagogue was destroyed in the last days of the war in 1945. After 1945 only one person of Jewish faith moved to the village to live here.

List of stumbling blocks

The table is partially sortable; the basic sorting is done alphabetically according to the family name.

Stumbling block	inscription	Location	Life
	HERE LIVED HELENE HENRIETTE BARUCH GEB. ROTHSCHILD JG. DEPORTED IN 1896, 1942 MURDERED PIASKI	Bahnhofstrasse 13	Helene Henriette Baruch , née Rothschild, was born on March 2, 1896 in Frankfurt am Main . Her father was the owner of a hat manufacturer. In her hometown she met her future husband Kurt Baruch. Their son Hermann was born in 1924. In 1933 the family moved to Neumarkt in der Oberpfalz, where Kurt Baruch's father had a business. There, Helene Baruch's husband took over his father's men's clothing business. He closed the business on January 4, 1938. Helene Baruch and her family had to leave their apartment on Bahnhofstrasse and move into a smaller apartment above the synagogue. During the night of the Reichspogrom , she was pushed down a flight of stairs by SA men. On April 3, 1942, a Good Friday, she, her husband and their son were deported via Regensburg to the Piaski ghetto . Kurt Baruch sent a card from Chełm on June 26, 1942 , from which it appears that the family was still together. Helene Henriette Baruch, her husband and her son did not survive the Shoah .
	HERMANN BARUCH JG LIVED HERE . DEPORTED 1924 1942 PIASKI MURDERED	Bahnhofstrasse 13	Hermann Baruch was born on October 29th in Frankfurt am Main. His parents were Helene Henriette Baruch and her husband Kurt. In 1933 his family moved from Frankfurt to Neumarkt an der Oberpfalz, where his father took over his grandfather's business, a men's clothing store. Since the school year 1935/36 he attended the Dietrich-Eckart secondary school and was one of three Jewish students out of a total of 139 students. At the end of April 1938 he left school. On April 3, 1942, Good Friday, he and his parents were deported via Regensburg to the Piaski ghetto. His father, Kurt Baruch, sent a card from Chełm on June 26, 1942 , stating that the family was still together. Hermann Baruch and his parents did not survive the Shoah .
	KURT BARUCH JG LIVED HERE . 1890 'SCHUTZHAFT' 1938 DACHAU DEPORTED 1942 PIASKI MURDERED 06/30/1942	Bahnhofstrasse 13	Kurt Baruch was born on August 8, 1890 in Czempiń . His parents were Adolf (born as Abraham) and Ernestine Baruch (born as Menke). He had at least one sister, Selma (born 1889). From 1900 at the latest, the family lived in Neumarkt an der Oberpfalz, first at Bahnhofstrasse 4, and from 1902 in the newly built house at Bahnhofstrasse 13 (the house was built by the brewery owner Johann Yberle). In 1903 Adolf Baruch received citizenship in the city, ran a shop specializing in men's and boys' clothing at Oberen Markt 1A, and he was head of the Jewish community in Neumarkt. Kurt Baruch went to Frankfurt, there met Helene Henriette Rotschild, daughter of a hat manufacturer, and married her. Their son Hermann was born in 1924. Kurt Baruch's mother died in 1931. In 1933 the family moved to Neumarkt, where his father transferred the clothing business to him. Kurt Baruch was able to hold this for another four years. On January 4, 1938, he locked it. Kurt Baruch was arrested during the November pogroms and interned in the Dachau concentration camp . His wife was mistreated that night. He was released from Dachau, but on April 3, 1942, Good Friday, he, his wife and son were deported via Regensburg to the Piaski ghetto. On June 26, 1942, Kurt Baruch sent a card from Chełm to his brother-in-law. This shows (“we are healthy”) that the family was still together. Shortly after this postcard, his sister received another postcard with the message that "Mr. Kurt Baruch had died of the effects of cardiac paralysis on June 30, 1942 in the evening". Kurt Baruch was murdered on June 30, 1942. His father Adolf Abraham died in Munich in 1941 and is buried in the local cemetery. His sister Selma, married Eschwege, and her husband Jakob were deported and murdered. His nephew Herbert Eschwege (born 1912) survived. He fled to the USA in 1938 and lived there as Herbert Ashe.
	ALBERT HAAS JG LIVED HERE . 1893 'SCHUTZHAFT' 1938 DACHAU DEPORTED 1942 PIASKI MURDERED	Stephanstrasse 17	Albert Haas was born in Sulzbürg on January 31, 1893. His parents were Seligmann Haas and Mina, née Löw. He had five siblings: Siegfried Julius (born 1888), Semi (born 1889), Siegmund (born 1890), Rosa (born 1891) and Hedwig (born 1895). His father and his mother's family ran the “Löw & Haas” cutlery shop in Sulzbürg. Albert Haas served in the First World War . He was a non-commissioned officer in the 1st Chevauxleger Regiment and was awarded the Iron Cross First Class for brave behavior on the Eastern Front . In 1922 his mother died. In 1924 the residential and commercial building was given to the Orthodox youth organization ESRA. Albert Haas moved with his father to Neumarkt at Wiesenstrasse 4 (today identical to Stephanstrasse 17). During the Reichspogromnacht he was imprisoned with his father and Louis and Rosa Löw. Albert Haas was imprisoned in the Dachau concentration camp from November 15, 1938 to December 8 of the same year . Wiesenstrasse 4 became a "Jewish house". Together with his father, the married couple Sigmund and Franziska Krämer and Regina Rheintaler, they were now forced to live together. On April 3, 1942, he and the Krämer family and Regina Rheintaler were brought from Neumarkt to Regensburg and finally deported the next day from Munich to Piaski, Poland. Albert Haas did not survive the Shoah.
	ERNEST HAAS JG LIVED HERE . 1925 DEPORTED 1941 RIGA STUTTHOF TODESMARSCH LABOR CAMP RELEASED	Obere Marktstrasse 39	Ernest Haas was born on June 1, 1925 in Neumarkt. His parents were the businessman Semi Haas and Frieda, née Steinberger. He had two siblings: Ilse (born 1924) and Walter (born 1927). The family had a nanny so that the parents could take care of the business, a fabric trade. He attended a Catholic kindergarten, then went to school in Colmberg . He lived with his maternal aunt for a year or two after her son Fritz died of leukemia. After the National Socialists came to power, the family business could not be maintained due to the anti-Semitic climate, and the business was forcibly sold in 1938. Ernest moved back to his parents in 1933, partly because he was homesick and partly because he was the only Jewish student in his school in Colmberg and his teacher encouraged his classmates to beat him. In Neumarkt he attended a Protestant school. The family moved to Fürth , hoping to escape anti-Semitism. During the Reichspogromnacht his father was in Neumarkt, Ernest, his siblings and his mother were warned by a neighbor and hid outside the apartment. In 1940 the Jewish school in Fürth was closed and Ernest Haas attended the Jewish school and Nuremberg. In order to be able to visit it, he had to ask the local Gestapo for permission to use the train; his bicycle had been taken away from him. His parents looked for ways to save him and his siblings. At least his brother Walter was able to take a Kindertransport to the USA in 1941. Ernest Haas, his parents and his sister Ilse received notification on November 23, 1941 that they would be deported on November 27, 1941. That day a truck appeared in front of the family home and they were loaded. They were deported to the Jungfernhof camp via the Langwasser transit camp. Here they arrived on December 2, 1941. In July 1942 he and his family were transferred to the Riga ghetto , from there on September 28, 1943 to the Riga-Kaiserwald concentration camp , where his father was already, who was transported here before him. He traded a silver pocket watch that originally belonged to his uncle Emil and inherited it from an SS Rottenführer ; he was allowed to see his mother again in the Riga ghetto , and he was taken to the ghetto on a work assignment. In August 1944 he learned from a fellow prisoner that his mother had been gassed. He thought of suicide, but the knowledge that his other siblings and his father were still alive stopped him. On September 27, 1944 he was transferred to Danzig, from there with a smuggler to the Stutthof concentration camp . His sister was also transferred on the same route beforehand, the reason was the advance of the Red Army , but he could not find his sister in Stutthof. His odyssey continued on October 23, 1944, when he was sent to the Burggraben satellite camp. Here he had to work from 7 in the evening until 7 in the morning in the submarine docks of Gotenhafen . Ernest Haas was transferred back to Stutthof as the Russian Army was approaching Danzig. On a death march in the middle of winter he got from Stutthof to the Rieben labor camp . He got typhoid. In the first week of March 1945, all inmates who were still able to march left the labor camp. Ernest Haas was asked, but he was too weak. In fact, everyone who left the camp was shot, according to Haas' memory, around 2,700 prisoners were shot. On March 11, 1945 Ernest Haas was liberated by the Russian Army. The survivors of the labor camp were divided among German families, who were supposed to take care of the liberated. Haas came to Gnewin . There he and a friend were well looked after, the resident herself had spent four years in German captivity because she had already helped a Polish prisoner of war once. From there he went to Berlin and arrived in Fürth on July 24, 1945, still hoping to find his sister again. His younger brother Walter was stationed with the US Air Force and near Vienna. He came to Fürth to meet his brother. Ernest Haas visited Neumarkt only to find out that he was the only deportee who had survived. He got an internship at AEG in Nuremberg, but he could no longer imagine living in Germany. In 1946 he emigrated to the USA and stayed with a family for a small contribution towards expenses. He stayed with them until 1953. Haas, he served in the National Guard . In the 1940s he founded a commercial real estate company. He married Myrna, nee Chatowitz, in 1959, whom he met in 1958. With her he had three children: Jonathan, Michael and Andrew. In the late 1970s he became a director of a bank in New York. He died on August 23, 2016 in Hackensack as a result of an operation. His widow Myrna and his sons were present at the laying of the stumbling blocks. Ernest Haas was the only survivor of his close family. His father was murdered in Stutthof. His mother, who still sent him bread, saved from her own rations, was murdered, as was his sister Ilse. His grandfather and many other family members were also murdered.
	FRIEDA HAAS GEB. LIVED HERE STEINBERGER JG. DEPORTED 1893 1941 RIGA MURDERED	Obere Marktstrasse 39	Frieda Haas , nee Steinberger, was born on October 22nd, 1893 in Colmberg . Her parents were Alexander and Regina Steinberger. She was the youngest of eleven children. She got engaged to Semi Haas in 1921. The couple had three children: Ilse was born in 1924, Ernest followed a year later and Walter was born in 1927. In the same year, 1927, the couple married, probably traditionally Jewish. Her husband opened a textile goods store, first in Mühlstrasse 5, later the business and the family moved to Obere Marktstrasse 39. Frieda Haas worked in the business and a nanny was hired for the children. Due to the increasing anti-Semitism, the family business could not be maintained, in 1938 it was sold and the family moved to Fürth. Frieda Haas and her husband are looking for salvation for themselves and their children. On the one hand they had an affidavit from a relative to emigrate to the USA, but they were ranked very low on the waiting list, on the other hand they were considering emigrating to Palestine, but here too the number of places was limited by the 1939 White Paper . At least Walter was able to accommodate them in 1941 on a Kindertransport that took their son to the USA. Frieda Haas, her husband, Ilse and Ernest received notification on November 23, 1941 that they would be deported on November 27, 1941. That day a truck appeared in front of the family home and they were loaded. The family's apartment was sealed, and the remaining belongings were auctioned off. Silver and jewelry had to be delivered some time beforehand. Frieda Haas and her family were deported via the Langwasser transit camp to the Jungfernhof camp, where they arrived on December 2, 1941. In July 1942 the family was transferred to the Riga ghetto. Frieda Haas stayed longer in the Riga ghetto than her other family members, her daughter Ilse was in another camp where she had to cut peat, her husband and son Ernest had been transferred to the Riga-Kaiserwald concentration camp in 1943. According to her son, she was transferred to the Riga-Strasdenhof subcamp a few months after September 1943 . In 1944 she managed to get her son from Strasdenhof through other prisoners to send him two slices of bread. Frieda Haas was murdered in a gas truck on August 3, 1944 in the Riga-Strasdenhof concentration camp. Frieda Haas' husband Semi Haas was also murdered, and her daughter Ilse did not survive the Shoah either. Her brother Daniel escaped to the USA in 1983/1939, her brothers Siegfried and Jakob, her sister Lina, her husband and daughter Herta, her sister Ida Wittelshöfer and her husband Rudolf were murdered. Her brother Justin suffered a fatal heart attack while being loaded onto the deportation train that was to take him to a camp in the east. Her sister Sofie Frank and her husband Ludwig were deported and survived the camp. Three other siblings died before the Nazis came to power.
	ILSE HAAS JG LIVED HERE . 1924 DEPORTED 1941 RIGA MURDERED IN 1944 STUTTHOF	Obere Marktstrasse 39	Ilse Margot Haas was born on March 4, 1924 in Neumarkt. She was the oldest child of Semi and Frieda Haas. She had two brothers: Ernest (born 1925) and Walter (born 1927) and attended the girls' high school in Neumarkt. Her parents had a textile shop, in 1938 they had to sell it due to rising anti-Semitism. The family moved to Fürth. The parents prepared the escape for themselves and their children, Use attended a hachshara , but there were more applicants than places for an emigration to Palestine and she returned home. Only her brother Walter could be brought to the USA on a Kindertransport. Ilse Haas, her parents and her brother Ernest received notification on November 23, 1941 that they would be deported on November 27, 1941. That day a truck appeared in front of the family home and they were loaded. Ilse and her family were deported via the Langwasser transit camp to the Jungfernhof camp, where they arrived on December 2, 1941. In July 1942 the family was transferred to the Riga ghetto. Here the family separated. Ilse Haas was transferred to a camp where peat was cut. Then he was transferred to the Riga-Strasdenhof concentration camp. On April 10, 1944, Ilse was seen here alive again by her brother Ernest, who was marching past the camp. Her mother was meanwhile also in Strasdenhof. Ilse Haas was deported to the Stutthof concentration camp on August 9, 1944 ; she did not survive the Shoah.
	SELIGMANN HAAS JG LIVED HERE . 1861 DEPORTED 1942 THERESIENSTADT MURDERED 9/8/1943	Stephanstrasse 17	Seligmann Haas was born on September 15, 1861 in Oberlauringen . He sold wool and cut goods, goods and hops. On November 9, 1886, he married Mina, nee Löw. They became parents of six children: Siegfried Julius (born 1888), Semi (born 1889), Siegmund (born 1890), Rosa (born 1891), Albert (born 1893) and Hedwig (born 1895). With his wife's family he opens the “Löw & Haas” cutlery shop. Haas was a member of the Sulzbürger men's choir and 2nd mayor of Sulzbürg, later also an honorary citizen of the city, in 1917 he was awarded the King Ludwig Order for outstanding service. In 1922 his wife Mina died. In 1924 he and Löw sold the residential and commercial building in Sulzbürg. The Löw couple, Seligmann Haas and their son Albert Haas moved to Neumarkt at Wiesenstrasse 4 (today Stephanstrasse 17). The family had a domestic help, Margaretha Niebler, who they had to dismiss in 1935 due to the Nuremberg Laws. During the night of the Reichspogrom, Seligmann Haas and his sons Albert and Semi (who was visiting his father) and the Löw couple were arrested. Seligmann Hass was released four days later. On May 28, 1942, he was “pushed” to the former old people's home at Schäffnerstrasse 2 in Regensburg. From there he was deported to Theresienstadt on September 23, 1942. Seligmann Haas lost his life here on September 8, 1943.
	SEMI HAAS JG LIVED HERE . 1889 'SCHUTZHAFT' 1938 DACHAU DEPORTED 1941 RIGA MURDERED IN 1944 STUTTHOF	Obere Marktstrasse 39	Semi Haas was born on May 3, 1889 in Sulzbürg. His parents were Seligmann Haas and Mina, née Löw. He had five siblings: Siegfried Julius (born 1888), Siegmund (born 1890), Rosa (born 1891), Albert (born 1893) and Hedwig (born 1895). He was a front-line fighter in World War I and was severely disabled because he was shot in the lung. This gave him the right to a pension that he had refused on patriotic grounds. After he met his future wife Frieda, he moved with her to Neumarkt. Their three children were born there, Ilse in 1924, Ernest in 1925 and Walter in 1927. In 1927 he married Frieda, née Steinberger, in the traditional Jewish way. Semi Haas was the owner of a textile goods store, first at Mühlstrasse 5 (he still ran it here with his brother Albert), later the residential and commercial building was at Obere Marktstrasse 39. The family had a nanny, Haas and his wife took care of them deal with the business. 1933, shortly after the seizure of power by the Nazis Semi Haas and other men of the Jewish faith, was first arrested, the house was searched for weapons. Another arrest took place in 1937 and he and his neighbor Emanuel Hahn were imprisoned for one month for alleged foreign exchange offenses. After all, due to boycotts and the anti-Semitic climate, the family was unable to keep the business. In July 1938 they sold the business and moved to Fürth. Escape was considered, there was an affidavit for an emigration to the USA, but they were not ranked well and the waiting time was long. Emigration to Palestine was also considered, but immigration was also restricted there. In the end, only son Walter was able to save his son Walter with a Kindertransport; he was brought to the USA. During the Reichspogromnacht, Semi Haas stayed in Neumarkt, where he visited his father Seligmann. He was arrested and interned in Dachau concentration camp from November 15, 1938 to December 21, 1938 . Semi Haas, his wife, and Ilse and Ernest received notification on November 23, 1941 that they would be deported on November 27, 1941. That day a truck appeared in front of the family home and they were loaded. Semi Haas and his family were deported via the Langwasser transit camp to the Jungfernhof camp, where they arrived on December 2, 1941. In July 1942 the family was transferred to the Riga ghetto. From there he was transferred to the Riga-Kaiserwald concentration camp in 1943. On October 1, 1944, he was transferred to the Stutthof concentration camp. Semi Haas did not survive the Shoah. His wife and daughter were also murdered. Both sons survived. His father, former 2nd mayor of Sulzbürg and an honorary citizen, was murdered in Theresienstadt in 1943, and his sister Rosa and her husband and brother Albert did not survive the Shoah either.
	WALTER HAAS JG LIVED HERE . 1927 ESCAPED WITH HELP 1941 USA	Obere Marktstrasse 39	Walter Haas was born on April 1, 1927 in Neumarkt. He was the youngest child of Semi and Frieda Haas. He had two siblings: Ilse (born 1924) and Ernest (born 1925). His parents owned a textile shop, and due to the anti-Semitic climate, they had to sell the shop in July 1938. The family moved to Fürth. Escape was searched for, but unsuccessfully. Only Walter was able to travel to the USA on August 9, 1941 on a Kindertransport from Berlin via Portugal. He lived with various foster families in Brooklyn and graduated from Thomas Jefferson High School . He joined the American Air Force and was stationed near Vienna in 1945. In Fürth he and his brother Ernest, the only other survivor of the family, met again. Upon retirement, he graduated from City College, went to New York University, and did a PhD in psychology. He was married to Florence and the couple had two children: Heidi and Scott. The family moved to New Jersey, where Walter Haas ran a private psychological practice for 42 years. In 1996 he and his wife moved to Leeds, where their daughter lived. Walter Haas died on December 26, 2013.
	ANNELIESE HAHN JG LIVED HERE . DEPORTED 1922 MURDERED IN PIASKI in 1942	Obere Marktstrasse 39	Anneliese Hahn , also Elise , was born on July 1, 1922 in Neumarkt. Her parents were Emanuel Hahn and Hilda, née Neuburger. The father took part in the First World War and was wounded in the head. He was given a silver plate, recovered and became a businessman. She had two siblings. An older sister, Edith, and a younger brother, Max. The family home was Aryanized. Anneliese, her siblings and her father (the mother had already died) were able to stay at home. The house was declared a "Jewish house". On April 3, 1942, she was brought to Regensburg with her father and brother and from there deported to the Piaski ghetto in eastern Poland. Anneliese Hahn lost her life there or in one of the extermination camps in the east. The father's footsteps also ended in Piaski. Her brother was murdered in Majdanek, her sister in Auschwitz, and Uncle Julius in Lublin.
	EDITH REGINA HAHN JG LIVED HERE . 1921 DEPORTED 1942 MURDERED IN AUSCHWITZ	Obere Marktstrasse 5	Edith Regina Hahn was born on January 19, 1921 in Neumarkt. Her parents were the merchant Emanuel Hahn and Hilda, née Neuburger. She had two younger siblings: Anneliese and Max. She attended the six-class Lyceum on Bräugasse and was the only Jewish woman to graduate in 1937. Then she left the city. Presumably she attended a women's technical school in Marienbad. After that she worked as a nanny in Štubnianske Teplice . On April 3, 1942, she was deported from the station in the Slovak city of Poprad on an RSHA transport . Her transport number was 347. Edith Hahn was murdered in the Auschwitz concentration camp . Father and sister were murdered in Piaski or in an unknown location, her brother in Majdanek, Uncle Julius in Lublin.
	EMANUEL HAHN JG LIVED HERE . 1884 'PROTECTIVE' 1938 DACHAU DEPORTED 1942 MURDERED IN PIASKI	Obere Marktstrasse 5	Emanuel Hahn , also Manny , was born on May 26, 1884 in Neumarkt. He was the firstborn of Markus Hahn and Regina Elise Ansbacher, eight siblings followed: Else and Siegfried (1888), the twin brothers Ludwig and Julius (1892) and four other siblings. His parents were the owners of a shop, first on the Untere and later on the Upper Market. In the First World War, the four oldest brothers moved in, two fell before Verdun, Siegfried and Ludwig. Emanuel Hahn was shot in the head and got a silver plate. He married Hilda, née Neuburger, who came from Wilhermsdorf, as did his own mother. He set up a grocery store at Untere Markt 22, but later joined his father's shop at Obere Markt with his brothers Julius and Rudolf. He and his wife lived there too. The couple had three children: their daughters Edith Regina and Anneliese in 1921 and 1922, and their son Max in 1925. Like his father, Emanuel Hahn became a respected businessman. In 1924, together with members of the SPD, he founded the branch of the Reichsbanner Schwarz-Rot-Gold , a non-partisan protection force for the Weimar Republic and democracy. It was supposed to resist the rapidly increasing attacks by National Socialist paramilitary groups, but also to contain communist groups. It was increasingly difficult to keep the grocery store running and to be able to offer coffee, tobacco, sugar confectionery or machine oil from Leipzig. Because the customers dwindled, the income sank, the payment behavior as well: debts were simply no longer paid. His older daughter was the only Jewish woman to graduate from the Lyceum on Bräugasse in 1937. Then she left Neumarkt. In July 1937, Emanuel Hahn and his neighbor Semi Haas were arrested. They were detained for a month for alleged foreign exchange offenses. House searches took place, but the suspicion could not be sustained. After the November pogroms in 1938, the family experienced numerous acts of persecution: The 13-year-old son Max was expelled from school on November 10th. Two days after the night of the pogrom, all men from Neumarkt who were fit for work were transferred to the Gestapo in Regensburg. Four days later - on November 15 - they were transferred to the Dachau concentration camp . Emanuel Hahn was among them. He was released on December 20, 1938. When he returned from the concentration camp on, he was left with nothing and from August 1939 had to work as a laborer on construction sites in Sulzkirchen, Erasbach or Nürnberg-Doos to make ends meet with his children, his wife had already died. His shop had closed and all goods had been sold. After the war began, exit bans were imposed and apartments with Jewish tenants were given notice at will. Emanuel Hahn was forced to sell his house, but was allowed to stay there with the children for the time being. The sales proceeds were frozen in a blocked account. Hahn could only withdraw 250 marks a month. From 1941 the house was used as a so-called Jewish house, in which several families were housed in a very small space. The savings books of Emanuel Hahn and the children were confiscated, as well as the typewriter and a bicycle. For the imprisoned brother Julius Hahn he had to pay 130 RM per month for meals. On April 3, 1942, Emanuel Hahn was deported with his children Anneliese and Max and together with other people of Jewish faith from Neumarkt and Sulzbürg to Regensburg and from there to Piaski in eastern Poland. Exactly on the same day his older daughter was deported from Poprad, Slovakia to Auschwitz. Emanuel Hahn's traces and those of his daughter Anneliese end in Piaski, both of which were murdered by the Nazi regime during the Shoah . His son Max was murdered in Majdanek in June 1942, his daughter Edith Regina in Auschwitz, and brother Julius in Lublin. The family home was completely destroyed in the bombing of the city in February 1945.
	JULIUS HAHN JG LIVED HERE . ARRIVED 1892 1937 SOG. RACING SHAME DEPORTED 1942 MURDERED IN LUBLIN	Obere Marktstrasse 5	Julius Hahn was born on April 20, 1892 in Neumarkt. His parents were Markus Hahn and Regina Elise Ansbacher. He had a twin brother, Ludwig, and seven other siblings. The parents owned and ran a shop, first on Untere Markt, then later on Upper Markt. During the First World War, the four oldest brothers moved in, and two fell before Verdun: Siegfried and his twin brother Ludwig. Another brother, Emanuel, was shot in the head. Julius Hahn lived and worked in Amberg. When the Nazi authorities investigated his brother Emanuel and his neighbors for currency offenses in July 1937, they also carried out house searches and found a letter from a former maid to Julius Hahn. He was a Jew, she wasn't. The Nuremberg Laws of 1935 placed any sexual relationship between Jews and non-Jews under severe penalties. Julius Hahn was tried for so-called “ racial disgrace ” and sentenced to five years in prison and loss of honor. He served the sentence first in Amberg prison , and from June 1941 in Zweibrücken prison. In 1942 he was deported to Lublin . Julius Hahn was murdered by the Nazi regime. The traces of his brother Emanuel and his daughter Anneliese end in Piaski. His nephew Max was murdered in Majdanek, his niece Edith in Auschwitz.
	MAX HAHN JG LIVED HERE . DEPORTED 1925 1942 MAJDANEK MURDERED June 25, 1942	Obere Marktstrasse 5	Max Hahn was born on January 4, 1925 in Neumarkt. His parents were the businessman Emanuel Hahn and Hilda, née Neuburger. He had two older sisters: Edith Regina and Anneliese. Edith Regina graduated from the Lyceum in 1937. Max Hahn was expelled from school on November 10, 1938, when he was 13 years old. The instructions from the Nazi Ministry of Culture were only issued three days later. The school principal, loyal to the line, had anticipated this. On April 3, 1942, Max Hahn was deported to Piaski with his father and younger sister. He is the only one in his family who has an exact date of the murder. Max Hahn was gassed by the Nazi regime on June 25, 1942 in the Majdanek extermination camp . The footsteps of father and younger sister ended in Piaski. The older sister was murdered in Auschwitz, his uncle Julius in Lublin.
	SELMA HUTZLER GEB. LIVED HERE LANDECKER JG. 1901 'SCHUTZHAFT' 1938 PRISON NEUMARKT ARRESTED 1939 'FOREIGN INVOICE' DEPORTED 1942 PIASKI MURDERED	Bahnhofstrasse 14	Selma Hutzler born Landecker was born on June 29, 1901 as the daughter of the cattle dealer Ludwig Landecker and Karolina born. Born wild in Neumarkt. She had two brothers, Berthold and Justin. In 1925 she married the trader Hugo Hutzler from Weiden in the Upper Palatinate and moved to his hometown. In 1933 Selma and her husband went to what was then Czechoslovakia to run an inn with a forwarding business, but returned to their in-laws in Weiden as early as 1935. They were briefly imprisoned as emigrants. Selma Hutzler returned to Neumarkt in the late 1930s after her husband had fled to England. During the Reichspogromnacht, the Landecker family, with the exception of Selma Hutzler, were arrested. Her father Ludwig was so badly mistreated that he died of a heart attack shortly afterwards. On November 13, 1938, Selma Hutzler was arrested and imprisoned in the district court prison. A theft in a Woolworth department store had been foisted on her, and she was released the next day due to illness. The Nazi press made a headline out of this arrest, saying that the “Jew with the gold buttons” is said to have thrown a handbag with necklaces and gold coins in a front garden after the arrest. On December 21, 1938, she was sentenced to seven months' imprisonment and a fine of 900 marks for offenses against foreign exchange regulations. The family's house was forcibly sold in 1938, Selma and her family as well as Sophie Landecker and her son moved into the building of the destroyed synagogue at Hafnergasse 10, where the Baruch family involuntarily lived. Selma Hutzler tried as a milliner to care for the living. Friends tried to sell felt flowers that Selma Hutzler made. Selma Hutzler and her family were arrested with other Jewish residents of the city on April 3, 1942 and taken to the "Ostbahnhof" inn. From there they were transported by train to Regensburg and then deported to the Piaski ghetto. 50 RM had to be paid for the deportation. Selma Hutzler did not survive the Shoah. Her mother and older brother were also murdered by the Nazi regime. Her husband, younger brother and his wife managed to escape from the Nazis in time.
	BERTHOLD LANDECKER JG LIVED HERE . 1899 'SCHUTZHAFT' 1938 DACHAU DEPORTED 1942 PIASKI MURDERED	Bahnhofstrasse 14	Berthold Landecker was born on October 3, 1899 in Neumarkt in the Upper Palatinate. His parents were the cattle dealer Ludwig Landecker and Karolina geb. Wild. He had a sister and a brother, Selma and Justin. He became a trader and worked in his father's business. He and his brother Justin were members of the Zimmerstutzen shooting society "Tannenreis". In 1938 the family was forced to sell their house. He, his brother and his parents were arrested on the Night of the Reichspogrom. His father was so badly mistreated that he died of a heart attack that night. His mother was released shortly afterwards, Berthold Landecker was released two days later, while his brother Julius was taken to prison in Regensburg. Because after all it was hardly possible for Jews to earn money. he did "auxiliary work" as a locksmith. In 1939 Berthold Landecker was able to obtain a visa to enter Bolivia , but he was unable to leave the German Reich. At the end of 1941 they had to move into the destroyed synagogue building at Hafnerstrasse 10. Together with his family and other Jewish residents of the city, he was arrested on Good Friday April 3, 1942 and taken to the “Ostbahnhof” inn. From there they were transported by train to Regensburg and then deported to the Piaski ghetto. 50 RM had to be paid for the deportation. Berthold Landecker did not survive the Shoah. His mother and sister Selma were also murdered as part of the Holocaust . Only the younger brother Justin and his wife and brother-in-law managed to escape from the Nazis in time.
	HERE LIVED KAROLINA LAND ECKER GEB. WILD JG. 1877 'SCHUTZHAFT' 1938 PRISON NEUMARKT DEPORTED 1942 AUSCHWITZ MURDERED 10/12/1943	Bahnhofstrasse 14	Karolina Landecker b. Wild, called Lina, was born on September 29, 1877 in Georgensgmünd . She was married to the cattle dealer Ludwig Landecker. The couple had three children, sons Berthold and Justin and their daughter Selma (who later married Hutzler). The couple was imprisoned in the Neumarkt prison during the Night of the Reichspogrom . Ludwig Landecker died there at the age of 64 from the abuse. Karoline Landecker was released again. In 1941 she had to move to a collective apartment. In 1942 she was arrested again by representatives of the Nazi regime and deported to the Auschwitz concentration camp . Karoline Landecker was murdered on October 12, 1943. Two of her children were also murdered. The younger son Justin and his wife managed to escape from the Nazis in time.
	LEONHARD LANDECKER JG LIVED HERE . DEPORTED IN 1898, 1942 MURDERED PIASKI	Bahnhofstrasse 20	Leonhard Landecker was born on February 23, 1898 in Neumarkt in the Upper Palatinate. His parents were Benno Landecker and Sophie, née Landecker. He had a sister and a brother, Martin and Mina. Another brother, Paul, died at the age of two months. Leonhard spent childhood and youth in Neumarkt and attended secondary school from 1908 to 1914. The father died at the age of 60 on April 18, 1929 and Leonhard continued the family business. Both sons remained unmarried and continued to live with their mother. In 1936 Martin Landecker was admitted to a psychiatric institution in Regensburg. He was murdered in September 1940. In the so-called Reichspogromnacht 1938, Sophie Landecker and her son Leonhard were also haunted. It is not known why the two of them were not arrested that night - like many other Jewish residents of Neumarkt - and taken to the local court prison. In 1940 Sophie and Leonhard Landecker had to vacate their apartment and move to the synagogue. There they lived in a very confined space with Berthold and Karolina Landecker and Julius Neustädter. On April 3, 1942, it was Good Friday, Leonhard Landecker and his mother were deported to Regensburg by train along with other Jews from Neumarkt and Sulzbürg. From there they were crammed into a train coming from Munich the next day. The destination was the Trawniki reception camp . The traces of Leonhard Landecker and his mother are lost in the Piaski ghetto . Those who survived the ghetto were murdered in the Majdanek, Treblinka or Sobibor extermination camps. Leonhard Landecker and his mother were murdered by the Nazi regime. His Burder Martin fell victim to Operation T4 in 1940 .
	LUDWIG LANDECKER JG LIVED HERE . 1874 VICTIMS OF pogrom MISS IS 'CIVIL PROTECTION' 1938 PRISON NEUMARKT TOT 10/11/1938	Bahnhofstrasse 14	Ludwig Landecker was born on March 4, 1874 in Sulzbürg . His parents were the cattle dealer Isaak Landecker and his wife Sophie geb. Neustädter. At the age of 20 he was called up for basic military training. In September 1896 he disarmed in the rank of private dR. He also became a cattle dealer. In 1898 he married Karolina Landecker geb. Wild. The couple had a property at Bahnhofsstrasse 14 and had three children: Berthold (1899), Selma (1901) and Justin (1905). In November 1906, Ludwig Landecker acquired Neumarkt citizenship - and with him the whole family. During the First World War he served in the 4th Company of the Landsturm Replacement Battalion in Nuremberg and was an occupying soldier in France. From May 1918 to April 1919 he ran the local milk sales point, an important facility for the then starving population. When the milk buckets were no longer needed in the 1920s, he sold them and used the proceeds to buy potatoes that had already been given to poor families in Neumarkt. He donated to set up a children's home. Around 1925 Ludwig Landecker was one of the heads of the Jewish community. During the so-called Reichskristallnacht , NSDAPists destroyed Jewish property throughout the city, desecrated the synagogue and cemetery, illegally arrested all Jewish citizens of the city and locked them up in the local prison. Ludwig Landecker died on November 10, 1938 "after being mistreated from a stroke in prison," said Yad Vashem . His wife was deported to Auschwitz and murdered. Two of his children could not survive the Shoah either. The younger son Justin and his wife managed to escape from the Nazis in time.
	HERE LIVED MARTIN LAND ECKER JG. 1903 ADMITTED 1936 SEVERAL HOSPITALS 'RELOCATED' 20.9.1940 HARTHEIM MURDERED 20.9.1940 'ACTION T4'	Bahnhofstrasse 20	Martin Landecker was born on February 23, 1903 in Neumarkt in the Upper Palatinate. His parents were Benno Landecker and Sophie, née Landecker. He had a sister and a brother, Leonhard and Mina. Another brother, Paul, had died before Martin was born. Martin learned the trade of a businessman and was initially active as such. However, a disability is said to have arisen over time. In 1936 he was housed in an institution in Regensburg, as can be seen from the correspondence of the Israelitische Kultusgemeinde Neumarkt regarding “welfare for the mentally ill Martin Landecker”. It is not known exactly when and on whose instructions he was admitted. On August 15, 1938, he was transferred to the Reichenbach sanatorium and stayed there for a little over two years. On April 14, 1940, the Reich Ministry of the Interior ordered the registration of all Jewish prison inmates. At the end of August of the same year, the ministry decreed that all Jewish “mentally ill” people in Bavaria must be transferred to the Upper Bavarian District Insane Asylum in Eglfing . In the case of Martin Landecker, this took place on September 13, 1940. A week later, on September 20, 1940, he was taken to the Hartheim killing center near Linz and murdered with carbon monoxide in a gas chamber on the same day. The Nazis called disabled people a life unworthy of life. Martin Landecker was killed as part of the Aktion T4 euthanasia program . On the day of his murder, the Eglfing District Insane Asylum reported that it was now “free of Jews”. Then the cover-up of the murders began. From post-war financial files it can be seen that his sister Mina Fleischer and the religious community were only informed of his death in January 1941. The date of death was given as January 25, 1941, and the place of death was the “Chelm Asylum” near Lublin. With the sender of this fictitious clinic, forged death certificates for victims of the T4 campaign were created on a large scale. His mother and brother were deported to Piaski on Good Friday in 1942 and also murdered by the Nazi regime, but for racial reasons. The stone for Martin Landecker is the first in Neumarkt that is dedicated to a victim of the T4 campaign.
	HERE LIVED SOPHIE LAND ECKER GEB. LANDECKER JG. DEPORTED 1876 1942 MURDERED PIASKI	Bahnhofstrasse 20	Sophie Landecker b. Landecker was born on March 30, 1876 in Sulzbürg . On June 30, 1897, she married her cousin Benno Landecker (1869–1929), who also came from Sulzbürg, in Neumarkt. The couple initially rented at Bahnhofstrasse 12, but after the birth of Leonhard (1898) and Paul (deceased at the age of 2 months), they moved to Bahnhofstrasse 20, where Martin (1903) and daughter Mina (1908) were born. The husband died at the age of 60 on April 18, 1929 and his widow was then supported by the Israelite Women's Association of which she was a member. The sons remained unmarried and continued to live with their mother. Leonhard continued the family business. In 1936 his son Martin was admitted to a psychiatric institution in Regensburg. He was later transferred to other institutions and murdered in the Hartheim killing center in September 1940 . He never came back to the family unit. In 1940 Sophie and Leonhard Landecker also had to vacate their apartment at Bahnhofstrasse 20 and move to the synagogue, which had been desecrated during the pogrom night of 1938. There they lived in a very small space with Berthold and Karolina Landecker and Julius Neustädter. On April 3, 1942, it was Good Friday, mother and son, along with other Jews from Neumarkt and Sulzbürg, were deported by train to Regensburg, "pushed" as it was called at the time. From there they were crammed into a train coming from Munich the next day. More than 200 people from Regensburg and other places in the Upper Palatinate came to 776 people from Munich, Bavarian Swabia and Württemberg-Hohenzollern. The destination of the deportation was the Trawniki reception camp , in the eastern Polish Lublin voivodeship . It took the train four days to get there. Traces of them are lost in the Piaski ghetto . Those who survived the ghetto were murdered in the Majdanek, Treblinka or Sobibor extermination camps. Sophie Landecker and her son Leonhard were murdered by the Nazi regime.
	HERE LIVED LEOPOLD 'LOUIS' LÖW JG. 1862 VICTIM OF THE POGROM SERIOUSLY ABUSED DEAD 13.2.1939	Stephanstrasse 17	Leopold "Louis" Löw was born on February 26, 1862 in Sulzbürg . He had a twin sister, Mina. His parents were Samuel Löw (1824-1888), cutlery dealer and head of the Jewish community in Sulzbürg, and his wife Rosina, née Niedermaier (1830-1889), who came from Thalmässing. Leopold Löw became a businessman and on February 24, 1891 married Rosa Adler, who came from Edelfingen (born April 10, 1866). Her parents were Julius and Babet Adler, who were likely cattle dealers. He became friends with Seligmann Haas, who married his twin sister Mina. Both families ran the “Löw & Haas” cutlery shop, which was known for the high quality of its fabrics. Leopold Löw and Rosa were parents of two sons: Samuel (born 1892) and Alfred (born 1899). Like his friend Seligmann Haas, he was a member of the Sulzbürger men's choir. In 1924 the residential and commercial building was sold to the Orthodox youth organization ESRA. Leopold Löw and his wife moved with the Haas couple to Neumarkt at Wiesenstrasse 4 (today Stephanstrasse 17). The Löws had a domestic help, which however had to be dismissed in 1935 due to the Nuremberg Laws. Leopold Löw, his wife and the Haas family were arrested during the Night of the Reichspogrom. Since the Loew couple were in poor health, the district doctor managed to get their release the next day. Leopold Löw was so badly mistreated that night that he died of the consequences on February 13, 1939. He was buried in the Jewish cemetery in Neumarkt, but his grave can no longer be found. His wife fled to Amsterdam, was caught and deported to the Westerbork concentration camp and to Theresienstadt. She survived and died in Amsterdam in 1947. His son Samuel also survived by fleeing to Amsterdam. After the death of his mother, he moved to New York.
	HERE LIVED ROSA LÖW GEB. ADLER JG. DEPORTED 1866 1943 THERESIENSTADT LIBERATED	Stephanstrasse 17	Rosa Löw , nee Adler, was born on April 10, 1866 in Edelfingen . Her parents were Julius and Babet Adler, who were believed to be cattle dealers. On February 24, 1891 she married Laufmann Leopold Löw, who came from Sulzbürg. The couple had two sons: Samuel (born 1892) and Alfred (born 1899). Her husband and his brother-in-law ran the “Löw & Haas” cutlery shop. After the sale of the residential and commercial building in 1924, Rosa Löw and her husband moved with the Haas family to Neumarkt at Wiesenstrasse 4 (today Stephanstrasse 17). The Löws had a domestic help, which however had to be dismissed in 1935 due to the Nuremberg Laws. Rosa Löw, her husband and the Haas family were arrested during the Night of the Reichspogrom. Since the Loew couple were in poor health, the district doctor managed to get their release the next day. Leopold Löw was so badly mistreated that night that he died of the consequences on February 13, 1939. On May 5, 1939, Rosa Löw fled to Amsterdam to her son Samuel, who had already emigrated there in 1935. She wasn't safe there either. She was interned in the Westerbork concentration camp and deported to Theresienstadt. There she met Seligmann Haas again. Rosa Löw survived Theresienstadt and returned to her son Samuel in Amsterdam. She died in Amsterdam in 1947. Her son Samuel also survived and moved to New York after her death.
	HERE LIVED JACOB HIRSCH NEUSTÄDTER JG. 1883 'PROTECTIVE' 1938 REGENSBURG PRISON DEPORTED 1941 RIGA MURDERED	Bahnhofstrasse 9	Jakob Hirsch Neustädter was born on October 27, 1883, the oldest of five children in Sulzbürg . His parents were Isack Neustädter and Klara, née Walz. He had three younger siblings. In 1909 he moved to Neumarkt in der Oberpfalz into an apartment at Oberen Marktstrasse 14 and worked as a cattle dealer. In 1911 he married Kathi, née Weinstein, daughter of a cattle dealer in Zirndorf . The couple had two children: Curt (also Kurt) Siegfried, born on April 4, 1913, and Adelheid Charlotte (Lotte), born on September 15, 1922. In 1921 the family moved to Hindenburgstraße 9, today's Bahnhofsstraße. From there, Jakob Neustädter continued to operate the "trade in livestock, breeding and slaughter cattle". His daughter Lotte attended the girls' college. She was a very good swimmer and joined the newly founded swimming club SV Poseidon Neumarkt in 1929, from which she was excluded again in 1933 due to the Aryan paragraph . In 1938 he had to de-register the cattle trade because Jews were no longer allowed to trade with "Aryans". In 1938 she worked for a few weeks as an intern in the Israeli children's sanctuary in Bad Kissingen . As part of the November pogroms in 1938, Jakob Neustädter, his wife and daughter, who had since returned to live with her parents, were arrested and locked in the Neumarkt district court prison. His wife and daughter were released after three days, but Jakob Neustädter was transferred to Regensburg with eleven other Neumarkt men by the Gestapo . On November 24, 1938, after 12½ days in prison, he was released. In February 1939, daughter Lotte emigrated to Palestine at the age of 17. Jakob Neustädter and his wife moved to Nuremberg on September 11, 1939, where they were registered with the Schloßberger family at Knauerstrasse No. 25 II. On November 29, 1941, the couple were deported to Riga-Jungfernhof. Jakob Hirsch Neustädter and his wife were victims of the Shoah . At least three of his siblings were also murdered: Siegfried (born 1885) was deported to the Izbica ghetto and murdered, his wife Martha, née Löwenberger, was a victim of the T4 campaign in 1940. His sister Sofie Emma (born 1887), married Buckmann, was deported with her husband to the Piaski Ghetto, Josef (born 1894) was deported to Auschwitz. Jakob Neustädter's children were both able to survive in exile. His daughter Adelheid Charlotte married the engineer Fritz Theodor Archenhold and lived in Haifa. His son Curt Neustädter also lived in Haifa in 1969 and was the father of two children.
	JULIUS NEUSTÄDTER JG LIVED HERE . 1879 'SCHUTZHAFT' 1938 DACHAU DEPORTED 1942 PIASKI MURDERED	Schützenstrasse 15	Julius Neustädter was born in Sulzbürg on August 15, 1879. In 1909 he moved to Neumarkt. He lived with his parents and siblings at Marktstrasse 14, where Café Wittl is now. He married Minna, née Krauss, from Zirndorf , who also moved in there. The couple had a daughter, Nanni. As early as January 1929, the family experienced the first hostility of an anti-Semitic nature when their windows, like other Jewish families, were broken. In 1935 his property was forcibly sold and he was arrested on November 9, 1935 for reasons unknown. It is also unknown how long he was imprisoned. His wife and their daughter were able to flee to South Africa in 1936, but Julius Neustädter stayed in Neumarkt. In 1938 he also had to de-register the cattle trade. In the so-called Reichspogromnacht he was the victim of terrible excesses: “ The Jew was hiding under the bed in his apartment and was taken out by a group of SA men and hit on the head with a stick so hard that the blood spurted like a fountain. " - Testimony in court, 1950 Julius Neustädter and the other "able-bodied" Jews from Neumarkt were arrested. On November 11, 1938, they were transferred to the Regensburg Gestapo, after which some of them were taken to the Dachau concentration camp . Julius Neustädter was released from there on December 16, 1938. On December 31, 1941, he had to move to a so-called Jewish house . He lived with the Landecker family at Hafnergasse 10, in the premises of the destroyed synagogue. On April 3, 1942, all Neustädter Jews under 65 were driven to the "Ostbahn" inn in what was then Hindenburgstrasse, today's Bahnhofstrasse, to collect. They were all deported via Regensburg to the Piaski ghetto . Julius Neustädter had to pay 50 RM travel money for the deportation, his bike was confiscated and 11.85 RM in cash that he still carried with him. Julius Neustädter was murdered by the Nazi regime.
	HERE LIVED Kathi NEUSTÄDTER JG. 1888 'PROTECTIVE' 1938 PRISON NEUMARKT DEPORTED 1941 RIGA MURDERED	Bahnhofstrasse 9	Kathi Neustädter , née Weinstein, was born on August 6, 1888 as the daughter of the cattle dealer Jakob Weinstein and his wife Adelheid in Zirndorf . In 1911 she married the cattle dealer Jakob Neustädter and moved to Neumarkt. The couple lived first at Oberen Marktstrasse 14, and from 1921 at Hindenburgstrasse 9, today's Bahnhofsstrasse. The two children, Kurt Siegfried and Adelheid Charlotte (Lotte), were born in 1913 and 1922. In 1938 the man had to cancel the cattle trade, as part of the November pogroms in 1938, Kathi Neustädter, her husband and her daughter were arrested and locked in the Neumarkt district court prison. Although the prison administrator Alois Schmid immediately reported to the Neumarkt district office that the district doctor had ordered her "to be released from protective custody immediately because there was a danger to her life (stroke)", she was only released after three days. The daughter was also released, the husband was transferred to Regensburg, but was also released in November 1938. In February 1939, daughter Lotte emigrated to Palestine at the age of 17. The Neustädter couple moved to Nuremberg on September 11, 1939, where they stayed with the Schloßberger family at Knauerstrasse No. 25 II. On November 29, 1941, the couple were deported from Nuremberg to Riga-Jungfernhof. Kathi Neustädter and her husband were victims of the Shoah . Their children were able to survive the Nazi regime in exile. Both lived in Haifa .

Stumbling block with placeholders

In addition, two placeholders were relocated in front of the building at Bahnhofstrasse 9 for Charlotte and Kurt Neustädter, the children of Jakob Hirsch and Kathi Neustädter. They managed to escape to Palestine. Two placeholders were also relocated to Schützenstraße 15, for Minna and Nanni Neustädter, Julius Neustädter's wife and daughter, who both also survived through emigration. In the coming years, the placeholders are to be replaced by stumbling blocks.

Laying data

The relocations in this city are organized by the “Initiative Stolpersteine ​​in Neumarkt und Sulzbürg”. As part of a project, students from the Ostendorfer grammar school researched the life stories and sponsored the Stolpersteine ​​for the siblings Selma Hutzler (née Landecker) and Berthold Landecker. In July 2018, the artist also gave a lecture at the Evangelical Center.

The Stolpersteine ​​in Neumarkt were laid personally by Gunter Demnig on the following days:

• May 27, 2016: Obere Marktstrasse 5
• October 16, 2017: Bahnhofstrasse 13, Obere Marktstrasse 39, Stephanstrasse 17
• July 16, 2018: Bahnhofstrasse 14 and 20
• November 5, 2019: Bahnhofstrasse 9, Schützenstrasse 15

A guest from Washington DC came to Neumarkt to lay the stumbling blocks at Bahnhofstrasse 20, Fena MacDonald, who is related to the Landeckers over several corners. She said: "I am very moved and I am glad that the victims have not been forgotten" as she placed a rose on the stumbling block that had just been laid. Heide Inhetveen, a teacher from Sulzbürg, who founded and heads the Stolpersteine ​​campaign there, made contact with her. The mayor of Neumarkt, Gertrud Heßlinger (SPD), was shocked in her speech that right-wing slogans had become “socially acceptable” again in 2018 and that Nazi vocabulary was being used, even in the Bundestag. She called out to the students attending the ceremony: "Stand up, contradict and take sides for human dignity."

See also

• Jewish cemetery (Neumarkt in der Oberpfalz)

Web links

Commons : Stolpersteine ​​in Neumarkt in der Oberpfalz  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

• Stumbling blocks guide
• Chronicle of the laying of the stumbling blocks on the website of Gunter Demnig's project

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b c} Alemannia Judaica: Neumarkt in der Oberpfalz (Neumarkt district) Jewish history / synagogue , accessed on February 13, 2020.
2. ↑ ^{a b c} neumarkt.de: History of the Neumarkt Jews (official website of the city), accessed on February 19, 2020.
3. ↑ From the history of the Jewish community in the German-speaking area: Neumarkt / Oberpfalz (Bavaria) , accessed on February 19, 2020.
4. ↑ History of the Neumarkt Jews , accessed on February 19, 2020.
5. ↑ nordbayern.de: Excess of violence: SA men pushed Ms. Baruch down the stairs , accessed on February 1, 2020.
6. ↑ The Central Database of Shoah Victims' Names: Helene Baruch , based on the memorial book - Victims of the Persecution of Jews under National Socialist Tyranny 1933–1945, accessed on February 1, 2020.
7. ↑ ^{a b} Family Baruch - Bahnhofstr. 13 , accessed February 1, 2020.
8. ↑ According to the source Alemannia Judaica, Adolf Baruch was so badly mistreated on the night of the pogrom that he died the following night. This information is likely to be an error.
9. ^ Alemannia Judaica: Neumarkt in der Oberpfalz (Neumarkt district) Jewish history / synagogue , accessed on February 3, 2020.
10. ^ Center for Jewish history: Ashe-Eschwege collection, 1941–1942 , accessed on February 3, 2020.
11. ↑ Photo of the tombstone , accessed on February 3, 2020.
12. ↑ Uni Bamberg: Memorial Book of the Jewish Citizens of Bamberg, pp. 87-88.
13. ↑ ^{a b} Kurt Wappler: History of the Sulzbürger Jews , p. 19, accessed on February 13, 2020.
14. ↑ Commemorative Book - Victims of the Persecution of Jews under the National Socialist Tyranny 1933–1945: Haas, Albert , accessed on February 8, 2020.
15. ↑ ^{a b c d} Haas family / Löw family - Stephanstr. 17 , accessed February 8, 2020.
16. ↑ ^{a b c d e f} Familie Haas - Oberer Markt 39 , accessed on February 9, 2020.
17. ^ Obituary by Ernest L. Haas , accessed February 9, 2020.
18. ^ Nordbayern.de: Neumarkt mourns Ernst Haas , accessed on February 9, 2020.
19. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h i j} Ernest Haas: Neumarkt - Fuerth - Riga - USA , accessed on February 9, 2020.
20. ↑ nordbayern.de: Stolpersteine ​​commemorate victims of the Holocaust in Neumarkt , accessed on February 12, 2020.
21. ^ Commemorative book victims of the persecution of Jews under the National Socialist tyranny in Germany 1933–1945: Haas, Ilse , accessed on February 11, 2020.
22. ^ Commemorative book victims of the persecution of Jews under the Nazi tyranny in Germany 1933–1945: Haas, Semi , accessed on February 11, 2020.
23. ↑ ^{a b c d e f} Hahn family - Oberer Markt 5 , accessed on February 8, 2020.
24. ↑ In Memoriam - Walter Haas , accessed on February 12, 2020 /
25. ↑ Yad Vashem : ANNELIESE ELISE HAHN , based on the memorial book of the Federal Archives, accessed on February 12, 2020.
26. ↑ Yad Vashem has two reports on the person, both accessed on February 12, 2020:
    * EDITA HAHNOVA , based on the Slovakia Holocaust Jewish Names Project , Comenius University Bratislava , Faculty of History,
    * EDITH HAHN , based on the memorial book of the Federal Archives.
27. ^ Commemorative book victims of the persecution of Jews under the National Socialist tyranny in Germany 1933–1945: Hahn, Emanuel , accessed on February 12, 2020.
28. ^ Commemorative book victims of the persecution of the Jews under the National Socialist tyranny in Germany 1933–1945: Hahn, Julius , accessed on February 12, 2020.
29. ^ Commemorative book victims of the persecution of Jews under the National Socialist tyranny in Germany 1933–1945: Hahn, Max , accessed on February 12, 2020.
30. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g} Nordbayern.de : Remind and admonish nine more stumbling blocks , accessed on February 12, 2020.
31. ↑ ^{a b c} Stolperstein Guide: Landecker family - Bahnhofstr. 14 , accessed September 13, 2019.
32. ↑ Donaukurier : Memorials Against Forgetting , July 26, 2018, accessed on February 16, 2020.
33. ↑ Yad Vashem has two entries on the person, both accessed on February 16, 2020:
    * LINA KAROLINE LANDEKER , based on the memorial book of the Federal Archives, and
    * LINA LANDEKER , based on the list of persecuted people, compiled by the Relief Committee of the World Jewish Congress (WJC) in Geneva.
34. ↑ ^{a b c} Stolperstein Guide: Landecker family - Bahnhofstr. 20 , accessed February 16, 2020.
35. ↑ Yad Vashem has two entries on the person, both accessed on February 16, 2020:
    * LUDWIG LANDECKER , based on the memorial book of the Federal Archives,
    * LUDWIG LANDECKER , based on a memorial sheet by the researcher Anne Christin Klotz.
36. ↑ ^{a b} Stolpersteine ​​Guide: Neustädter Family - Bahnhofstraße 9 , accessed on February 18, 2020.
37. ^ Archenhold Charlotte , accessed February 18, 2020.
38. ^ Jews in Erlangen , accessed on February 18, 2020.
39. ↑ According to the Mittelbayerische Zeitung, the family moved to Neumarkt in 1885.
40. ↑ Mittelbayerische Zeitung : Memorial stones for Nazi victims , article by Katrin Böhm, November 5, 2019, accessed on February 18, 2020.
41. ↑ Stolpersteine ​​Guide: Neustädter Family - Schützenstraße 15 , accessed on February 18, 2020.
42. ↑ Nordbayern.de: Paralyzed Jew was murdered in a sanatorium , accessed on February 18, 2020.
43. ↑ Ostendorfer-Gymnasium : Stolperstein laying on July 16 , 2018 , accessed on February 19, 2020.
44. ↑ Hilpoltsteiner Kurier : Memorials Against Forgetting , In Neumarkt and Sulzbürg, further stumbling blocks remind of the victims of the Nazi era, July 22, 2018, accessed on February 19, 2020.

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