List of stumbling blocks in Maßbach

Stumbling blocks for Simon Nussbaumer and his daughters Recha and Betty

The list of stumbling blocks in Maßbach contains the stumbling blocks that were laid by the Cologne artist Gunter Demnig in Markt Maßbach , Lower Franconia . Stumbling blocks remind of the fate of the people who were murdered, deported, expelled or driven to suicide by the National Socialists . As a rule, they are located at the last self-chosen place of residence of the victim.

The relocation in Schwabach took place on October 4, 2012.

The Jewish community of Maßbach

Jewish cemetery of Maßbach

→ Main article : Jewish community of Maßbach

Maßbach's Jewish community goes back to the 15th and 16th centuries. Century back. In 1446 there was a dispute over the rights of Jews and Christians between the Lords of Maßbach and Wilhelm von Schaumberg. There were also mentions of Jews in the 16th century, namely in 1556, when the Jews living under the protection of the Counts of Henneberg were expelled. In contrast, the Jews under the protection of Messrs. Von Maßbach were obviously allowed to remain. In 1687, a source named 29 Jews under the protection of the Counts of Hatzfeldt. In 1710 there were 18 Jewish households on site with a total of 90 people. Between 1800 and 1816, 27 houses were named that are said to have been owned by Jews. In 1766 a Talmud Torah school was founded in Maßbach. In the 19th century the percentage of the Jewish population fluctuated between 6.7% and 17.9%. In 1910 there were only 67 Jews left in Maßbach, at that time 5.2% of the total population.

There was a synagogue in the community, the Jewish elementary school (until 1920, then a religious school), a ritual bath and from 1902 a cemetery. Before that, the deceased von Maßbach Jews had to be buried in Kleinbardorf. Until 1920 there was a Jewish elementary teacher, then a religion teacher who acted as a prayer leader and slaughter at the same time. In the mid-1920s there were still 31 Jewish community members, 2.3% of the population. The Jewish community leaders at that time were Samuel Eberhard, A. Friedmann, F. Heidelberger and A. Frank. In the school year 1932/33 there were four school-age Jewish children on site. In 1933 there were still 34 Jewish people living in Maßbach.

“From the perspective of shame and guilt, it is therefore an obligation not to forget the fate of our fellow Jewish citizens. In their former synagogue, here in the Maßbacher, such a contribution should be made. "

- Maßbach under the Star of David : Introductory text from the organizers of the exhibition

List of stumbling blocks

The table is partially sortable; the basic sorting is done alphabetically according to the family name.

Stumbling block	inscription	Location	Name, life
	HERE LIVED JOHANNA EBERHARDT GEB. HEUMANN JG. 1878 DEPORTED 1942 THERESIENSTADT MURDERED 01/07/1944	Marketplace 2	Johanna Eberhardt , née Heumann, was born on February 28, 1878 in Hoffenheim . She married Simon Max Eberhardt, a cattle dealer in Maßbach, called Joukufsmax . They lived together with their daughters Hilda and Gertrud (born 1909 and 1913 respectively), their husband and his sister Marianne. The family was one of the last Jews from Maßbach to be picked up on July 14, 1942 and deported to Theresienstadt via Würzburg . Her husband already lost his life in Würzburg. Johanna Eberhardt was transported away on September 10, 1942 with Transport II / 25, train Da 512. Her transport number was 936. Johanna Eberhardt lost her life in Theresienstadt on July 1, 1944 after almost two years in a concentration camp. Her daughter Gertrud Ledermann and her husband were both murdered in Auschwitz in 1942 . Her sister-in-law was also killed by the Nazi regime in Theresienstadt. Only her daughter Hilda could survive, married to Berthold Baum (1911–1993), who emigrated to the United States. She died in Rockville , Maryland in February 2001 .
	MARIANNE EBERHARDT JG LIVED HERE . 1881 DEPORTED 1942 THERESIENSTADT MURDERED April 21, 1943	Marketplace 2	Marianne Eberhardt was born on June 20, 1881 as the daughter of Jakob Eberhardt (1844–1917) and Johanna, née Freudenthal, (1849–1906) in Maßbach. She had four brothers, Alexander (1871–1872), Isidor (1873–1942), Samuel (1875) and Simon Max (1877), called Joukufsmax , and a sister Dorothea, also called Dora (1889). She remained unmarried, her brother Simon Max, a cattle dealer, in whose household she lived, married Johanna Heumann from Hoffenheim. Joukufsmax and his wife had two daughters. The family was one of the last Jews from Maßbach to be picked up on July 14, 1942 and deported to Theresienstadt via Würzburg. Marianne Eberhardt was transported away on September 10, 1942 with Transport II / 25 train Da 512. Her transport number was 935. Marianne Eberhardt lost her life on April 21, 1943 in Theresienstadt. Two of her siblings were also murdered by the Nazi regime: Dorothea on January 18, 1941 in the Gurs internment camp and Simon Max died on July 26, 1942 in Nazi custody in Würzburg. Her brother Isidor died in exile in São Paulo in 1942 . Samuel's fate is unknown. Sister-in-law Johanna, niece Gertrud and their husband were also murdered by the Nazi regime.
	HERE LIVED SIMON MAX EBERHARDT 'JOUKUFSMAX' JG. 1877 FORCED warped 1942 WÜRZBURG COLLECTING STOCK DÜRER ROAD 20 TOT 06/07/1942	Marketplace 2	Simon Max Eberhardt , called "Joukufsmax", was born on July 9, 1877 as the son of Jakob Eberhardt and Johanna, née Freudenthal, in Maßbach. In some cases he is also referred to as Sigmund Eberhardt , which leads to confusion with another Maßbacher Jew who was called that, but who survived the Nazi era and died in the United States in 1957. He had three brothers, Alexander (1871–1872), Isidor (1873–1942) and Samuel (1875) and two sisters, Marianne (1881) and Dorothea (1889). He became a cattle dealer and married Johanna, née Heumann from Hoffenheim. The couple had two daughters, Hilda (1909–2001, later married Baum) and Gertrud (1913–1942, later married Ledermann). The family was among the last Jews from Maßbach to be picked up on July 14, 1942. The day before, the Joukufsmax said goodbye to his colleagues in the community he had to work for with the following words: “This is the last time we will be here today, we will be picked up tomorrow, we will never see each other again.” The family was arrested and taken to Würzburg , where she had to wait for deportation to a concentration camp. During this waiting period, Simon Max Eberhardt died on July 26, 1942 at the age of 65. He was buried there. His wife was killed on July 1, 1944 - after almost two years in prison in the Theresienstadt concentration camp . His daughter Gertrud Ledermann and her husband were both murdered in Auschwitz in 1942 . His sister Dorothea was killed on January 18, 1941 in the internment camp Gurs , his sister Marianne on April 21, 1943 in Theresienstadt. His brother Isidore died in exile in São Paulo in 1942 . From 1941 his house was converted into a "Jewish house", all Jews still living in Maßbach were forcibly housed there.
	BIANKA FRANK GEB. LIVED HERE GIPS JG. DEPORTED 1876 1942 IZBICA MURDERED	Neue Strasse 13	Bianka Frank , nee Gips, was born on December 25, 1876 in Walldorf . She married Abraham Frank, David Frank's brother, and moved in with him in Maßbach. The marriage remained childless. After the early death of her husband in 1933, she brought her brother Max Gips and his wife Maria to Maßbach. On the night of the pogrom in 1938, they only narrowly escaped the rioting National Socialists. While the women hid in the back garden, Max Gips fled to the neighbors' stable. In the following days, the family was secretly supplied with groceries by neighbors through the windows at the back of the house, not visible from the street. That night her house was "only" ravaged, in 1941 it was taken from Bianka Frank and the three residents were evacuated. Like all the other Jews still living in Maßbach, they had to move to the Joukufsmax's house on the market. On April 24, 1942, the members of the Gips-Frank family were among the first Jews to be picked up from Maßbach and deported. They were deported to Krasnystaw . From there they were transferred to the Izbica ghetto . Bianka Frank did not survive the Shoah. Your brother and sister-in-law did not survive either. There were 852 Jews in the transport. Nobody survived.
	HERE LIVED DAVID FRANK 'LÄJSER' JG. 1896 DEPORTED 1942 THERESIENSTADT MURDERED 05/30/1943	Wirthsgasse 4	David Frank , called Läjser , was born on December 25, 1869 in Thundorf in Lower Franconia as the eldest son of Lazarus and Jette Frank. He moved to Maßbach with his family in 1876, later took over his father's cattle trade and married Hannchen Haas from Oberelsbach. The marriage remained childless, but his wife had brought her nephew Viktor Haas into the marriage as a foster son. David Frank was a successful trader, well-loved and was ultimately elected to the board of the Israelitische Kultusgemeinde. In 1938 the foster son fled to Rhodesia , where he was however plagued by homesickness. "If the situation in Germany were different, I would walk home barefoot!" he wrote after Maßbach. Meanwhile, his foster parents were harassed by the Nazi authorities and defamed by the synchronized press. David Frank was accused of tax evasion. He was sentenced to a fine of 7,400 marks and the newspaper read: "The shameful behavior of the Jews, who do not stop at the poor Rhön population and often steal the last head of cattle from the stable, cannot be punished highly enough." The National Socialists tried to destroy the reputation of the respected cattle dealer with hatred and malice. On September 10, 1942, he and his wife were deported from Nuremberg to the Theresienstadt concentration camp on Transport II / 25, train Da 512 . His transport number was 943. David Frank was murdered there on May 30, 1943 by the Nazi regime. His wife was deported to Auschwitz and murdered. His sister-in-law Bianca Frank was deported to Izbica and did not survive either.
	HERE LIVED Annette FRANK BORN HAAS JG. DEPORTED 1873 1942 AUSCHWITZ MURDERED 05/18/1944	Wirthsgasse 4	Hannchen Frank , née Haas, was born on October 21, 1873 in Oberelsbach , Lower Franconia . She married the respected four trader David Frank and moved in with him in Maßbach. The marriage remained childless, but she had brought her nephew Viktor Haas into the marriage as a foster son. Her husband, loved by all, was elected to the board of the Israelitische Kultusgemeinde. In 1938 the foster son fled to Rhodesia , where he was however plagued by homesickness. Meanwhile, his foster parents were harassed by the Nazi authorities and defamed by the synchronized press. On September 10, 1942, the Frank couple were deported from Nuremberg to the Theresienstadt concentration camp on Transport II / 25, train Da 512. David Frank was murdered there on May 30, 1943 by the Nazi regime. Hannchen Frank was deported to the Auschwitz extermination camp on May 18, 1944 , and murdered there.
	HERE LIVED MARIA GIPS GEB. NUSSBAUM JG. 1,878 deported in 1942 MURDERED IN KRASNYSTAW	Neue Strasse 13	Maria Gips , née Nussbaum, also Marie , was born on August 19, 1878 in Regensburg . Her parents were Max Nussbaum, who ran a haberdashery shop at Schäffnerstrasse 18, and Fanny, née Traub. She lived in Ingolstadt, later with her husband Max Gips in Sonneberg, Thuringia. Her husband ran a shoe shop there, but it had to be given up after the National Socialists came to power and started inciting them against Jewish business people. The couple last lived in Maßbach with their sister-in-law Bianka Frank, a childless widow. During the November pogroms in 1938, Maria Gips, her husband and her sister-in-law were in acute danger. Rioting National Socialists devastated the house. while the two women hid in the back of the garden. The husband had fled to the neighbors' chicken coop. In 1941 the house was " Aryanized " and evacuated. In April 1942 Maria Gips - together with her husband and sister-in-law - was arrested by the Nazis and taken to Würzburg. From there they were deported together on April 25, 1942 to Krasnystaw , Poland . Maria Gips was murdered by the Nazi regime, as was her husband and sister-in-law.
	MAX GIPS JG LIVED HERE . 1,878 deported in 1942 MURDERED IN KRASNYSTAW	Neue Strasse 13	Max Gips was born on August 5, 1878 in Walldorf . He married Maria, née Nussbaum, lived with her in Sonneberg and ran a shoe shop. After the boycotts of the National Socialists ("Do not buy from Jews!"), The earnings situation deteriorated dramatically. After the death of his brother-in-law Abraham Frank in 1933, Max Gips and his wife moved to Maßbach, where the childless widow Bianka Frank, his sister, lived. In the so-called Reichskristallnacht in November 1938, the three narrowly escaped the rioting Nazis. Max Gips fled to the neighbors' chicken house, the two women hid in the back of the garden. The sister's house was ravaged that night and after that they could only survive with the help of neighbors who provided them with food through the rear windows. In 1941 the house was evacuated and Aryanized. Max Gips, his wife and sister had to move into the Joukufsmax house on the market. In April 1942 they were among the first Maßbach Jews to be arrested by the Nazi regime and deported to Würzburg . From there, you and your wife and sister were deported to Krasnystaw , Poland, on April 25, 1942 . Max Gips was murdered by the Nazi regime, as were the two women.
	LINA HEIDELBERGER GEB. LIVED HERE ROSSMANN JG. 1861 RESIDENT IN THE JEWISH OLD OLD MAN 'S HOME WÜRZBURG DEPORTED 1942 THERESIENSTADT MURDERED 10/20/1942	Neue Strasse 6	Lina Heidelberger born Rossmann was born on January 8, 1861 in Maßbach 77. Her parents were Herz and Chaia Rossmann. She had at least one brother, Anselm, born in 1863. On April 26, 1892, Lina Rossmann married Felix Heidelberger (1866–1935) from Burgsinn , son of Löb Heidelberger and Babetta, née Oppenheimer. The couple lived in Maßbach in house number 85½. They had at least three children: Marta, Paula and Hermann. Hermann became a cattle dealer. Felix Heidelberger died in 1935. On November 14, 1938, her son Hermann was arrested and briefly imprisoned in Bad Kissingen. In 1939 part of the family was able to find safety, Lina Heidelberger stayed behind in a nursing home in Würzburg. From there she was deported on September 23, 1942 via Nuremberg with Transport II / 26, Train Da 518 to Theresienstadt. Lina Heidelberger was murdered there on October 20, 1942. Her daughter Marta (born 1895) lived with her husband Rudolf Frank and the children Trude and Lotte in Zeilitzheim . They were all murdered in Riga . Their children Paula and Hermann and their families last lived in Israel. Her granddaughter Ingeborg was eight years old at the time of the flight, she lives under the name Lea Neugebauer in Savei Zion , Israel, and was the last living witness of Maßbach. She died in early 2017. Her brother Anselm Rossmann was murdered in 1941 in Camp de Gurs .
	HERE LIVED BETTY KAHN GEB. NUSSBAUM JG. 1900 VICTIM OF THE POGROM RELOCATED IN 1938 FRANKFURT DEPORTED 1942 MURDERED IN MAJDANEK	Bäckergasse and Volkershausener Straße	Betty Kahn b. Nussbaum was born on April 29, 1900 in Maßbach. Her parents were Simon Nussbaum and Karoline, née Strauss. She had a sister, Recha. Betty Nussbaum became a milliner and after her mother's death in 1919 were able to contribute to the family's livelihood by selling her hats. In December 1937 she married the representative Sigmund Kahn from Gleicherwiesen , who moved in with the Nussbaums' household. She was deported to the Sobibor extermination camp on June 11, 1942 (according to the memorial book), according to the Stolperstein, she was deported to the Lublin-Majdanek concentration and extermination camp. Betty Kahn did not survive the Shoah . Her husband was deported to Maidanek on June 11, 1942, where he was murdered on July 9, 1942. Her father was murdered in Treblinka, her sister in Raasiku.
	SIMON NUSSBAUM JG LIVED HERE . 1866 VICTIM OF THE POGROM INVOLVEDLY MOVED 1938 FRANKFURT DEPORTED 1942 MURDERED IN TREBLINKA	Bäckergasse and Volkershausener Straße	Simon Nussbaum was born in Mittelinn on August 26, 1866 . He became a trader and married Karolina geb. Strauss (1860–1919), daughter of the Maßbach butcher Nathan Strauss and his wife Rebekka b. Themar. The couple had two daughters, Recha (1893) and Betty (1900). After the death of his wife, he had to bring his daughters through the difficult post-war period alone. The elder married in Frankfurt am Main, the younger began to work as a milliner and finally married in December 1937. The son-in-law, Sigmund Kahn, moved in with the household. During the night of the pogrom , the three of them hid at their neighbor Ames (at number 89), while Nazi troops broke into their apartment and smashed the furniture. On August 18, 1942, he was deported to Theresienstadt and from there on September 26, 1942 to the Treblinka extermination camp. Simon Nussbaum did not survive the Shoah. His two daughters were also murdered by the Nazi regime.
	RECHA ROTHSCHILD GEB. LIVED HERE NUSSBAUM JG. 1893 MOVE TO FRANKFURT DEPORTED 1942 MURDERED IN RAASIKU	Bäckergasse and Volkershausener Straße	Recha Rothschild b. Nussbaum was born on September 11, 1893 in Maßbach. Her parents were Simon Nussbaum and Karoline, née Strauss. She had a sister, Betty. Recha Nussbaum married Leopold Rothschild and moved to Frankfurt am Main . After the November pogrom she returned to Maßbach to pick up her father and sister. Their furnishings had been smashed, they were no longer safe for life. When she was standing at the Maßbach train station with her sister and a large steamer trunk, an acquaintance asked them whether they wanted to travel: "Yes, to Haifa, " was the answer. However, the exit was no longer successful. Recha Rothschild was born on 24/26. September 1942 deported to Raasiku and murdered by the Nazi regime. The father was murdered in Treblinka, the sister in Majdanek.
	REBEKKA STRAUSS GEB. LIVED HERE. HUBERT JG. 1,862 deported in 1942 MURDERED IN TREBLINKA	Poppenlauererstraße 9	Rebekka Strauss born Hubert was born on December 19, 1862 in Cronheim . She married the butcher Lazarus Strauss (1858-1919), the brother of Karolina Nussbaum. The Strauss couple had three children: Joseph Eugen (1885-194?), Siegfried (1892-1935) and Rosa (born 1901). The husband owned house 122 on Hauptstrasse, where the family lived until 1911. Since business was bad, he had to sell the house. In 1911 the family moved to rent at number 86. After the husband's death, the widow and her children were given a small apartment at number 161 by the Israelite community. One by one the children moved out. The elderly widow was alone on the night of the pogrom. The Nazis smashed the windows and the bed was full of broken pieces. She is said to have sat trembling on a chair and kept repeating: "The old God, he's still alive". Another four years of fear followed. On July 14, 1942, she and the last Jews from Maßbach were transferred to Würzburg, and from there on September 10, 1942, to Theresienstadt. Rebekka Strauss was murdered a little later in the Treblinka extermination camp . Her son Joseph Eugen also lost his life during the Shoah . He was deported from Munich to the East, where he was murdered by representatives of the Nazi regime. Son Siegfried died in Stuttgart in 1935. The daughter was able to flee to New York City in time . There she married a man named Rosenbusch, who came from Gochsheim . She then called herself Rosel Royce . A letter from Maßbach has come down to us from 1961, in which she laments the fate of her mother. She died of cancer in 1983 in New York. She is also mentioned in the book of a distant relative, Sel Hubert, who became her trustee.

Laying data

The stumbling blocks in Schwabach were laid personally by Gunter Demnig on October 4, 2012.

Places of remembrance

Memorial stone in Maßbach

In 1995 a memorial stone for the victims of the Shoah from Maßbach was laid near the Jewish cemetery . The stone was donated by the regional association of the Jewish religious communities in Bavaria . Among other things, it bears the inscription:

"To honor the dead, to admonish
the living"

Web links

Commons : Stolpersteine ​​in Maßbach  - collection of images

• Stolpersteine.eu , Demnig's website

Individual evidence

1. ^ Alemannia Judaica : Maßbach (Markt Maßbach, Bad Kissingen district) Jewish history / synagogue , accessed on June 14, 2020
2. ↑ 300 years of synagogue history, memorial and cultural site , information board in front of the former synagogue in Maßbach, accessed on January 10, 2020
3. ↑ Yad Vashem has four entries on the person, all accessed on June 11, 2020:
   * JOHANNA EBERHARDT , based on the memorial book of the Federal Archives,
   * JOHANNA EBERHARDT , based on the Theresienstädter Gedenkbuch,
   * JOHANNA EBERHARDT , based on the Card Index from Relico,
   * JOHANNA EBERHARDT , also based on the Relico Card Index.
4. ↑ Yad Vashem : GERTRUD LEDERMANN , based on the memorial book of the Federal Archives, and EUGEN LEDERMANN , based on a memorial sheet by Menachim Meier, both accessed on June 11, 2020
5. ↑ Naturalization Petition BAUM Hilde Eberhardt , accessed on June 11, 2020
6. ↑ Yad Vashem has three entries on the person, all accessed on June 11, 2020:
   * MARIANNE EBERHARDT , based on the memorial book of the Federal Archives,
   * MARIANNE EBERHARDT , based on the Theresienstadt memorial book,
   * MARIANNE EBERHARDT , based on a death report of her nephew Max Eberhardt from São Paulo in 1993
7. ↑ Main-Post : Memorial against forgetting , October 5, 2012, updated on January 13, 2016
8. ↑ Alemannia Judaica : Maßbach (Markt Maßbach, Bad Kissingen district) Jewish history / synagogue , accessed on June 12, 2020 (The date of death on February 6th, 1942 mentioned in the inscription on the stumbling block is very likely incorrect because the family was evacuated from Maßbach according to several sources only on July 14, 1942)
9. ↑ Yad Vashem : BIANKA FRANK , accessed on June 12, 2020
10. ↑ Commemorative Book Victims of the Persecution of Jews under the National Socialist Tyranny in Germany 1933–1945: Gips, Marie Maria , accessed on June 12, 2020
11. ↑ Commemorative book victims of the persecution of Jews under the Nazi tyranny in Germany 1933–1945: Gips, Max , accessed on June 12, 2020
12. ↑ Klaus Bub: Maßbach under the Star of David , Chronicle of a Jewish Community, Maßbach 2017, p. 4
13. ^ Yad Vashem : DAVID FRANK , accessed June 12, 2020
14. ↑ ^{a b} Klaus Bub: Maßbach under the Star of David, Chronicle of a Jewish Community, Maßbach 2017, p. 3
15. ↑ Yad Vashem : Annette FRANK , based on the book of remembrance of the Federal Archives, accessed on June 12, 2020
16. ↑ Yadf Vashem has two entries on the person, both accessed on June 14, 2020:
    * MARI (E) GIPS , based on a death report from Shimon Katz, a relative, and
    * MARIA GIPS , based on the memorial book of the Federal Archives
17. ↑ Klaus Bub: Maßbach under the Star of David , Chronicle of a Jewish Community, Maßbach 2017, p. 4
18. ↑ Klaus Bub: Maßbach under the Star of David , Chronicle of a Jewish Community, Maßbach 2017, p. 4
19. ^ ^{A b} Alemannia Judaica: Maßbach (Markt Maßbach, Bad Kissingen district) Jewish cemetery , created by Klaus Bub, accessed on June 8, 2020
20. ↑ The Central Database of Shoah Victims' Names : LINA HEIDELBEGER , based on the Theresienstädter Gedenkbuch, accessed on June 8, 2020
21. ↑ The Central Database of Shoah Victims' Names: LINA HEIDELBEGER , based on a message from her daughter Paula Sam, accessed on June 8, 2020
22. ↑ Main-Post: "Everything short and sweet" , accessed on June 8, 2020
23. ↑ The Central Database of Shoah Victims' Names: RUDOLF FRANK , based on a message from his sister-in-law Paula Sam, accessed on June 8, 2020
24. ↑ The Central Database of Shoah Victims' Names: MARTA FRANK , based on a message from her sister Paula Sam, accessed on June 8, 2020
25. ↑ The Central Database of Shoah Victims' Names: TRUDE FRANK , based on a report from her aunt Paula Sam, accessed on June 8, 2020
26. ↑ The Central Database of Shoah Victims' Names: Lotte FRANK , based on a report from her aunt Paula Sam, accessed on June 8, 2020
27. ↑ Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung : The Torah scroll was walled up in the basement hiding place , accessed on June 8, 2020
28. ↑ Main-Post : Keeping memories alive , accessed on June 8, 2020
29. ↑ The Central Database of Shoah Victims' Names: ANSELM ROSSMANN , based on a report by Paula Sam, accessed on June 8, 2020
30. ↑ ^{a b c} Klaus Bub: Maßbach under the Star of David , Chronicle of a Jewish Community, Maßbach 2017, p. 10
31. ↑ this is more likely because her husband was also deported to Majdanek
32. ^ Commemorative book victims of the persecution of Jews under the Nazi tyranny in Germany 1933–1945: Kahn, Betti Betty , accessed on June 8, 2020
33. ^ Commemorative book victims of the persecution of Jews under the National Socialist tyranny in Germany 1933–1945: Kahn, Sigmund Siegmund , accessed on June 8, 2020
34. ↑ Commemorative Book Victims of the Persecution of Jews under the National Socialist Tyranny in Germany 1933–1945: Nussbaum, Simon Samuel , accessed on June 8, 2020
35. ^ Commemorative book victims of the persecution of Jews under the National Socialist tyranny in Germany 1933–1945: Rothschild, Recha , accessed on June 9, 2020
36. ↑ ^{a b} Klaus Bub: Maßbach under the Star of David , Chronicle of a Jewish Community, Maßbach 2017, p. 11
37. ↑ Sel Hubert: Out of Broken Glass: A Memoir of Renewal , Xlibris Corporation 2010, p. 115
38. ↑ Habayit (bulletin of Congregation Beth Hillel and Beth Israel) Number 298, p 33, 1983

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