List of stumbling blocks in Passau

Stumbling blocks for the Pick family

The list of stumbling blocks in Passau contains the stumbling blocks that were laid by the Cologne artist Gunter Demnig in the Bavarian city of Passau . Stumbling blocks remind of the fate of the people who were murdered, deported, expelled or driven to suicide by the National Socialists . As a rule, they are in front of the victim's last self-chosen place of residence.

The first and so far only relocations in Passau took place on July 24, 2015.

On the history of the Jews of Passau

Alleged sacrifice of the host in Passau in 1477 (a Jew sticks with a dagger into a host with the face of Jesus Christ , which is losing blood), detail from a painting from the 16th century, Oberhausmuseum Passau

Jews settled in eastern Bavaria as early as around 900. In the Raffelstetten Customs Regulations (902–906) they were expressly mentioned alongside Bavaria, Slavs and Russians. Evidence for the specific branches in Passau is from the early 12th century. Bishop Wolfger von Erla acted as patron on behalf of the emperor. He allowed some Jews to settle in Passau and to lend money. They lived - shielded like a ghetto - in Schlinggasse, later Judengasse and today's Steiningergasse. There is evidence of a synagogue on the banks of the Inn from the 14th century, in what was then called Judenschulstrasse. Today it is called Zinngießergasse. In 1338 pogroms broke out in Deggendorf and Pulkau . How far the Passau Jews were also affected by murder and persecution cannot be determined. In any case, between 1409 and 1412 the Jews were settled in the distant Ilzstadt. Prince-Bishop Georg von Hohenlohe bought a building erected by the city judge Niclas Czeller for this purpose. The "Judenstädtl" received a synagogue and a cemetery and was excluded from general jurisdiction. The Passau Jews continued to earn their living by lending money and pawns. At that time the trade in goods was largely in Christian hands. Probably fifteen Jewish families initially lived in the Ilzstadt. Increasingly Jews from Lower Bavaria and Austria sought refuge in Passau. In 1442 Prince-Bishop Leonhard von Laiming had another building built in Ilzstadt. Around the middle of the 15th century, 54 families lived in the town. The cult of the host was widespread throughout the 15th century . Although the papal envoy Nikolaus von Kues tried around 1450 to prevent the practice, various church currents used the accusation of the sacrifice of the host without scruples. In Passau, the Christian Christoph Eysengreißheimer was accused of selling eight stolen hosts. The Jews would then have martyred these hosts. On February 10, 1478, all adult men in the Judenstädtl were arrested and tortured and forced to confess. On March 10, 1478, ten of the accused were executed, including two strangers. They were torn to pieces with red-hot pliers and burned or, if they were baptized beforehand, beheaded. The synagogue was destroyed and the other Jews were expelled. Allegedly 40 Jews are said to have converted to Catholicism at that time in order to be allowed to stay in the city. Shortly before his death on August 14, 1479, Prince-Bishop Ulrich von Nussdorf laid the foundation stone for the Church of Atonement St. Salvator . The house of God was completed in 1495 and served the maintenance of Catholic anti-Semitism and anti-Judaism. A knife, which is said to have been used to pierce the hosts, was incorporated into a magnificent monstrance. The alleged sacrilege of the host was shown in panels. The attempt to establish an anti-Semitic pilgrimage in Passau , similar to the Deggendorfer Gnad , was less popular.

Only in the second half of the 19th century could Jews settle in Passau again. In 1867 there were eight Jews in the city, 16 in 1880, 34 in 1900 and 73 in 1910. That was 0.3% of the population at the time. After that, the number of Jews fell again, to 40 by 1933. There was no longer any establishment of an independent Jewish community. Under the Nazi regime, almost all Jews were expelled from the city, forced into emigration or murdered in extermination camps. Two women survived in so-called mixed marriages in Passau. After 1945, a Jewish community made up of surviving camp prisoners formed in the city. A Jewish community was established in January 1946, and by August of that year the number rose to 150 Jewish people. After the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948, most of the Jews emigrated.

List of stumbling blocks

The table is partially sortable; the basic sorting is alphabetical according to the victim's family name. The laying data can be found in a separate paragraph below the list.

image	inscription	Location	Life
	ANNA K. BURIAN GEB. LIVED HERE LIPPMANN JG. 1882 ANTI-SEMITIC AGITATION INDIRECTLY DELAYED 1929 MUNICH DEPORTED 1941 KAUNAS FORT IX MURDERED 25.11.1941	Angerstrasse 41	Anna Kathinka Burian b. Lippmann was born on November 14, 1882 in Würzburg . From 1907 she was married to Emil Burian, a merchant from Vienna in Passau. The couple founded the Burian & Zinner cloth warehouse , a respected department store on Maxbrücke. Anna and Emil Burian had three children: Gertrud Karolina, Kurt and Otto Heinrich (see below). Due to an anti-Semitic campaign against the department store and the family in 1929, the Burians saw no other way out than to give up the business. They left Passau and moved to Munich. Daughter Gertrud went to Berlin and studied there, both sons came to Munich. Here they first lived at Tengstrasse 6. All three Burian children were able to emigrate in time and get to safety. They urged their parents to flee to Italy. Son Kurt had rented an apartment for her in Milan, all things were packed in containers and the police had de-registered for Milan on August 31, 1935. But on September 1, 1938, the couple was registered for Steinheilstrasse 20 in Munich. The Burians decided against emigrating to Italy at short notice after Kurt Burian informed them about Benito Mussolini's anti-Semitic course . The brothers sent their parents money, and illegal visas for Cuba were obtained. But the departure did not take place and was no longer possible from October 23, 1941 due to an order from Heinrich Himmler, who forbade Jews from the Reich to leave the Reich. Anna Kathinka Burian and her husband had to move into a more modest apartment, they moved first to Reichenbachstrasse, later to Zweibrückenstrasse 6. Their furniture had already been destroyed. On November 20, 1941, the Burians were deported to IX fortas in Kaunas . Your remaining belongings were confiscated and auctioned. Anna Kathinka Burian and her husband were murdered on November 25, 1941 in Kaunas. The three children were able to save themselves by emigrating.
	EMIL BURIAN JG LIVED HERE . 1877 ANTISEMITIC AGITATION INGREDIENTLY DELAYED 1929 MUNICH DEPORTED 1941 KAUNAS FORT IX MURDERED 25.11.1941	Angerstrasse 41	Emil Burian was born on August 24, 1877 in Vienna- Hernals . His parents were Adolf Burian and Rosa geb. Benesch. He had a twin sister, Marie, and a younger brother, Oskar. Burian did an apprenticeship as a window dresser and salesman in a Viennese department store. In 1898 he moved to Passau and found work with various Jewish business people. In 1904 Burian received the right of home. In 1906 he became a citizen of the city and took over the management of “Pick & Friedmann” in Wittgasse 9. In 1907 he married Anna Kathinka, geb. Lippmann, daughter of a wealthy banker from Würzburg. The couple had three children: Gertrud Karolina (born 1908), Kurt (born 1913) and Otto Heinrich (born 1918). A good education for the children was very important to the Burians. With the support of Julius Pick, Emil Burian's previous employer, the couple opened the Burian & Zinner cloth warehouse in the year of their wedding , a department store in Roßtränke 12 on Maxbrücke that quickly became famous. Emil Burian became a member of the Chamber of Commerce and Industry and the local ADAC . The family lived in a large house with a view of the Danube and the old town. Emil Burian is described by his son as a great music lover who owned a Berdux piano and a shoemaker's violin as well as many sheet music. An award-winning costume for the daughter at the ADAC carnival ball in 1928 was used by the striker , a Nazi propaganda newspaper, as the starting point for an anti-Semitic campaign against the Burians and their department store. Emila Burian successfully sued the striker, but the business was boycotted by the Passau citizens. Emil Burian saw no way out in 1929, had to give up the business and moved with the family to Munich. Burian was a representative here, owned a Graham-Paige car , so he could better serve his customers. After the National Socialists came to power, there were more and more restrictions for Jews. In 1934 the company Emil Burian worked for went bankrupt and he lost his job. All three children were able to get to safety. The children tried to save their parents, but failed (see Anna Burian). Emil Burian and his wife were deported from Munich to Kaunas in Lithuania on November 20, 1941 . Emil Burian and his wife were murdered there on November 25, 1941. The three children survived through emigration. His twin sister was married twice, once to Isidor Michalup (died 1931) and then to the widower Moritz Goldbach (born 1860). The sister and her second husband were also victims of the Shoah . They both died in Theresienstadt . His brother Oskar also survived, according to a great niece he played with the Vienna Philharmonic after the war .
	HERE LIVED GERTRUD KAROLINA BURIAN JG. 1908 ANTISEMITIC AGITATIVE INVOLVED DELAY 1929 MUNICH ESCAPED 1939 USA	Angerstrasse 41	Gertrud Karolina Burian was born on July 21, 1908 in Passau. She was the firstborn of Anna Kathinka and Emil Burian. Two brothers followed, Kurt in 1913 and Otto Heinrich in 1918. She had a carefree childhood and youth in a very musical family. She obtained her Abitur as the best student at the Oberrealschule in Passau. Then she studied as one of the first female students at the Philosophical-Theological University . She was also very athletic and a member of the German Ski Association . Karolina Burian was involved in the SPD . Her costume at the ADAC Passau carnival ball in 1928 was awarded and then used by the Nazi party propaganda newspaper, the Stürmer (author of the article was Karl Holz ), as an opportunity for an anti-Semitic campaign against her family and the department store. The parents were forced to give up the business and moved to Munich with their sons in 1929, whereas Gertrud Karolina Burian stayed mainly in Berlin, where her best friend Ilse Grünebaum lived. There she met Eric Plotke, her future husband. In 1939 the couple decided to flee. The Plotkes went to Chicago and had at least one son, Fred. After the death of her husband, she remarried and was called Berkey. In 1988 she returned to Passau for a visit with her brother Otto and her son. Her brother died shortly afterwards. Karolina Gertrude Berkey died in Florida in 1995.
	KURT BURIAN JG LIVED HERE . 1913 ANTISEMITIC AGITATE INVOLVED DELAYED 1929 MUNICH ESCAPED 1939 USA	Angerstrasse 41	Kurt Burian was born on December 6, 1913 in Passau. His parents were Emil Burian and Anna Kathinka geb. Lippmann. He had an older sister, Gertrud Karolina, and a younger brother, Otto Heinrich. In 1929 the family moved to Munich due to the increasingly anti-Semitic climate in the city. He chose a musical career path and enrolled at the Munich Conservatory of Music . In 1934 he was expelled from his training center because of his Jewish origins. He decided to emigrate, but it became an odyssey. During this time he was often accompanied by his uncle, Oskar Burian, also a musician. They came to Switzerland, but were not given permanent residence there. You then played as a hotel pianist in Milan. Kurt Burian was able to flee to Panama and ultimately to the United States in 1939 , with an affidavit that his younger brother had procured for him. With the Santa Paula he drove by Cristóbal , and arrived in New York on 24 October 1939th In the US he also called himself Kurt Will . Kurt Burian also earned his living as a musician in the USA. In 1949 he was a lodger in Manhattan at 177 West 95th Street. In 1942 he became an American citizen. Kurt and Otto Burian tried to save their parents, Kurt Burian rented an apartment in Milan for his parents and transferred $ 900 to two agents in New York for illegal exit visas to Cuba, but the rescue attempt failed. He performed his military service largely in the theater. He was recruited as a pianist by Irving Berlin in 1942 for his Broadway show This Is the Army . The musical should raise the morale of the soldiers. With this production Kurt Burian made guest appearances not only throughout America, but also in several cities in the United Kingdom , then in Algiers , Naples , Cairo , and finally in Iran , New Guinea and Guam . Burian later served in the United States Army Intelligence as a Technician Third Grade . After the war he was able to establish himself as a concert pianist and singer in prestigious establishments in Manhattan and in 1947 he married Frances b. Thomas from Detroit, an editor at Time Life. She had studied music and she met Burian while performing in a cafe. In 1970 he returned to Bavaria with his wife and settled in Feldafing on Lake Starnberg. According to several sources, he died in September 1972 on a skiing holiday in the Dolomites, probably of a heart attack. However, the city archivist of Passau names Bruneck and February 15, 1978 as dates of death. He didn't have any children. His widow died on March 10, 1999.
	OTTO HEINRICH BURIAN JG LIVED HERE . 1918 ANTISEMITIC AGITATE INVOLVED DELAYED 1929 MUNICH ESCAPED 1938 USA	Angerstrasse 41	Otto Heinrich Burian was the youngest child of Emil and Anna Kathinka Burian. He was born on September 28, 1918 in Passau. He had a sister and a brother, Gertrud Karolina and Kurt. Like his siblings, he first attended the St. Nikola primary school in Passau, then after the family moved to the Gisela secondary school in Munich. In later years he emphasized that he grew up as a 100% assimilated German with a Jewish background. The only difference he could perceive was that the priests could not enroll him in religious instruction. After the 10th grade, due to the racial legislation of the Nazi regime - like all other Jewish students - he had to leave school without a qualification. He decided to leave the so-called Third Reich and fled to the United States via Antwerp in 1938 . Here he called himself Arthur Henry Burian. In 1939 he helped his brother Kurt so that he could also come to the USA. Together with his brother, he also tried to save his parents and also sent money to Germany, but the attempt to save them failed. Arthur Burian completed an apprenticeship as a car mechanic in New York, took American citizenship in 1944 and became a soldier. He was sent to Europe in 1946 with the task of “preventing possible acts of revenge by Jewish soldiers on German prisoners of war. He had a daughter, Sue. In his later years he became a Certified Financial Planner. In 1988 he visited Passau again with his sister and nephew. Arthur Burian died shortly afterwards of a heart attack. "
	HERE LIVED ILSE GREEN TREE JG. 1910 MOVING 1928 BERLIN ESCAPE 1939 ENGLAND	Nikolastraße 10	Ilse Grünebaum was born in 1910 as the first child of Leopold Grünebaum and Margareta. Haase was born. She had two sisters. The parents' house was wealthy, they had a cook and nanny. Ilse first attended the Protestant school, then housed in a side building of today's St. Nikola elementary school, then the upper secondary school, and finally the “Josephsheim” commercial school. There she obtained her degree. In 1928 Grünebaum moved to Berlin, where she found a job as a clerk. As early as 1933 she lost her job as a result of the first boycott of the Jews. She then worked for a Jewish lawyer. In 1939 Ilse Grünebaum fled to England. There she worked as a domestic help. In 1946 she emigrated to the USA, where she worked as a secretary in New York until she retired in 1979. Ilse Grünebaum died there on January 20, 2002. Her father died the day before the planned departure, her mother was deported and murdered. Her sister Rosa was able to emigrate in time and survive, her sister Margot was freed from Gurs and also survived the Shoah .
	HERE LIVED LEOPOLD GREEN TREE GEB. HAASE JG. 1876 IMPROVEDLY MOVED 1934 MUNICH HEART ATTACK BEFORE ESCAPED DEAD 20.1.1940	Nikolastraße 10	Leopold Grünebaum was born on December 10, 1876 in Hessen. In 1905 he took over the textile business from Robert Beermann and gradually converted it into a department store. In 1908 he married Margareta geb. Haase. The couple had three daughters: Ilse, Margot and Rosa, all born between 1910 and 1912. His wife took over the management of the new branch in Vilshofen in 1914 and during his military service in the First World War she ran both businesses. The daughters grew up well protected, two of them were sent to boarding school in Hanover. But increasing anti-Semitism and the Nazi takeover ultimately led to a boycott of all Jewish businesses in the city. The family was forced to sell the department store at a ridiculous price, the new owners were the Kreilinger family, and to leave the city. Daughter Ilse had already gone to Berlin in 1928 and later fled to England. Daughter Margot became a nanny for the Wronker family. The other family members moved to Munich in 1934. They tried to find a way to emigrate. In 1939 Ilse and Rosa were able to get to England in safety. The Grünebaums received visas for Venezuela . On the day before his planned departure on January 12, 1940, Leopold Grünebaum had a fatal heart attack while standing in line for hours. His wife was arrested a year later, deported and murdered in Kaunas in 1941. The three daughters survived, two daughters in exile, daughter Margot was freed from the Gurs internment camp .
	HERE LIVED MARGARET GREEN TREE GEB. HAASE JG. 1884 IMPROVEDLY MOVED 1934 MUNICH DEPORTED 1941 KAUNAS FORT IX MURDERED 25.11.1941	Nikolastraße 10	Margareta Grünebaum born Haase was born on June 4, 1884 in Poznan . At the age of 24 she married the eight years older businessman Leopold Grünebaum. The couple moved to Nikolastraße 10, the house where the Chamber of Crafts is now located. Between 1910 and 1912 they had three daughters, Ilse, Margot and Rosa. In 1914 she took over the management of the new branch in Vilshofen and during her husband's military service in World War I she ran both businesses. The daughters grew up well protected, two of them were sent to boarding school in Hanover. But the increasing anti-Semitism and finally the boycott of the Jewish shops in Passau plunged the family into ruin. The Grünebaums were forced to sell well below their value and leave town. They moved into quarters in Munich, daughter Margot had found a job as a nanny and no longer lived in Passau. In 1939 the other daughters were also able to escape to England, Ilse from Berlin and Rosa from Munich. The escape of Leopold and Margareta Grünebaum was also planned for the beginning of 1940. They wanted to emigrate to Venezuela. But on the day of her departure, her husband suffered a heart attack and passed away. Her exit papers were tied to those of her husband, which is why Margareta Grünebaum was unable to escape. On November 20, 1941 she was deported to Kaunas in Lithuania and murdered by gassing on the day of arrival on November 25, 1941 in Fort IX . Her daughters survived, two in exile, Margot Grünebaum was freed from the Gurs internment camp.
	HERE LIVED MARGOT GREEN TREE JG. 1911 ESCAPED 1934 FRANCE ARRESTED 1940 INTERNAL GURS RELEASED / SURVIVED	Nikolastraße 10	Margot Grünebaum was born in 1911. Her parents were Leopold Grünebaum and Margareta geb. Haase. She had two sisters, Ilse and Rosa. She attended a Protestant elementary school and then the monastery school in Niedernburg , where she and her sister Rosa graduated. She spent two years in England. In 1932 she returned to her parents for a few months. She then worked as a nanny for the Wronker family . Together with this family she fled to Paris . There she was captured by the German invaders in 1940 and deported to the Gurs internment camp in southern France. After four years in the camp, she was released. Margot Grünebaum went to Marseille and from there to New York via Portugal . She found a job in a factory and in the same year married Emanuel Gottesmann, an Austrian Jew from Poland. She died in England at the age of sixty.
	HERE LIVED PINK GREEN TREE JG. 1912 UNFOLILIENTLY MOVED 1934 MUNICH ESCAPED 1939 ENGLAND	Nikolastraße 10	Rosa Grünebaum was born in 1910 as the youngest child of Leopold Grünebaum and Margareta. Haase was born. She had two sisters, Ilse and Margot. The parents 'house was wealthy, the parents' department store flourished, but the anti-Semitism that spread in the late 1920s caused a serious crisis. After the National Socialists came to power, the business was almost entirely boycotted, and the father was forced to sell well below its value. Rosa Grünebaum, who had also worked in her parents' shop, left the city of birth with them and moved to Munich. Ilse had been in Berlin since 1928, and Margot, the Wronkers' nanny, was no longer at home either. Rosa Grünebaum found an office job in Munich and became engaged to Albert Grünzeug. In 1939 she found a job as a maid in England. Her fiancé was deported to a concentration camp, but survived and left Europe. Rosa Grünebaum also left Europe after the end of the war and followed her fiancé. They met again and married in Caracas , Venezuela. In 1979 they moved to Miami , Florida. Rosa Grünzeug died on August 12, 1986.
	HERE LIVED HENRIETTE PICK GEB. LEATHER JG. 1874 IMPROVEDLY MOVED 1938 MUNICH ESCAPED 1939 SWITZERLAND	Ludwigstrasse 19	Henriette Pick b. Lederer was born in Bamberg on December 30, 1874, the daughter of a Jewish businessman . In 1901 she married the Jewish merchant Julius Pick and moved to Passau. The couple had two daughters, Lilly and Paula. After her husband's death in 1924, she and her foster son Robert Weilheimer, who was a nephew of her late husband, took over the management of the department store. In 1938 she and her daughters left the city due to the unbearable anti-Semitic agitation and moved to Munich and Stuttgart. The property was " Aryanized ", on April 1, 1938, the Pick department store was taken over by Otto & Schramm . In 1939 Henriette Pick managed to escape to Switzerland, where she lived on the support of her sister. In 1953 she sold the property in Passau, which had since been restored. She received a pension as a former racially persecuted person from the Federal Republic of Germany. In 1957 she moved to a Jewish retirement home in Munich. She died there in 1971. Both daughters survived, Paula by fleeing to Palestine and Lilly because of her marriage to a non-Jew. The foster son was accused of racial disgrace , arrested, convicted, later deported and murdered in the Treblinka extermination camp .
	HERE LIVED LILLY PICK VERH. KUNDMÜLLER JG. MOVED 1902 / MARRIED 1939 STUTTGART RELEASED WITH HELP / SURVIVED	Ludwigstrasse 19	Lilly Pick married. Kundmüller was born in 1902. She was the daughter of Julius Pick and Henriette geb. Lederer. She had a younger sister, Paula. Until 1918 she attended a boarding school for girls in Hanover. On March 20, 1928 she married Joseph Kundmüller, known as Sepp , born on November 8, 1898 and of Christian origin. Her husband was a customs officer and was harassed on duty because of his “non-Aryan” wife. He was not allowed to take the customs inspector examination and was forcibly transferred to Stuttgart in 1939. Lilly was able to survive the Nazi era due to the upright marriage. In 1949 the couple emigrated to America. In 1956 Joseph Kundmüller received an offer from Germany to take the customs inspector's exam. He refused and stayed in California with his wife. Lilly Kundmüller died on May 7, 1979 in Mountain View, California, her husband there on March 24, 1982.
	PAULA PICK JG LIVED HERE . 1904 IMPROVEDLY MOVED 1938 MUNICH ESCAPED 1939 SWITZERLAND 1939 PALESTINE	Ludwigstrasse 19	Paula Pick was born in 1904. She was the daughter of Julius Pick and Henriette geb. Lederer. She had an older sister, Lilly. From 1914 to 1920 she attended the Higher School for Girls in Passau and closed with the intermediate certificate from. She then completed a two-year apprenticeship at a girls 'institute in Hanover and an apprenticeship as a clerk in her parents' department store. She became a member of the management of the Pick department store. In 1938 the company was “ Aryanized ” and the family was expelled from Passau. Paula Pick temporarily went to Munich, fled to Switzerland in 1939 and lived in Basel with the support of relatives . She managed to emigrate to Palestine. There she was initially unemployed, then got a job as a volunteer and was finally employed in a rest home. She met Siegfried Gelman, a Polish Jew. They married. In 1948 the rest home was closed and she went into business for herself. Paula Gelman died on July 31, 1991 in Haifa.
	HERE LIVED ROBERT WEIL HEIMER CARE SON JG. 1900 ARRESTED IN 1938 PRISON AMBERG DEPORTED 1942 MURDERED IN TREBLINKA	Ludwigstrasse 19	Robert Weilheimer was born on February 8, 1900 in Ludwigshafen . He was Julius Pick's nephew. From 1906 he lived as a foster son and apprentice with the Jewish Pick family in Passau. When Julius Pick died in 1924, he and Henriette Pick took over the management of the department store at Ludwigstrasse 19. After he went on a hike with a non-Jewish woman in Berlin in 1938, he was reported to the Spiegelau gendarmerie for so-called " racial disgrace " . The lady from Berlin was interrogated and Robert Weilheimer was arrested in mid-August 1938. He stated that there were sexual acts but no intercourse (only intercourse was out of the question). An examination by Herta Z., the lady in question, revealed the correctness of this statement. A procedure "for the protection of German blood and German honor" followed. He was charged with "sexual intercourse". Weilheimer was imprisoned in the Passau regional court prison and was sentenced on December 31, 1938 by the criminal chamber of the Passau regional court, to a prison sentence of two and a half years for "serious insult to racial racial sentiments". In 1939 he was transferred to the Amberg penitentiary and deported to the Treblinka extermination camp in 1942. Robert Weilheimer was murdered there in 1942 by the Nazi regime.

laying

The only stumbling block to be laid in Passau so far took place on July 24, 2015 as an action under the direction of the City Youth Association to commemorate the end of the Nazi tyranny 70 years ago. The stumbling blocks were laid by Gunter Demnig personally.

The history of the Burian family was researched by young people in the Federation of German Catholic Youth (BDKJ) and the Protestant youth in the dean's office in Passau . BDKJ and Evangelical Youth also sponsored two of the five stumbling blocks. The biographies of Leopold Grünebaum and their daughters Margot and Rosa were drawn up by the Gisela-Gymnasium . The life stories of Margareta Grünebaum and her daughter Ilse were compiled by the St. Nikola Middle School. The Leopoldinum grammar school has dealt with the fate of the Pick family .

literature

• Out of Passau . Of someone who set out to find home [autobiography]. In: Herder Spektrum , Herder , Freiburg im Breisgau / Basel / Vienna 1999, ISBN 3-451-26756-X (English edition: Out of Passau . Leaving a city Hitler called home. Translated by Imogen von Tannenberg, University of South Carolina Press , Columbia, SC 2004, ISBN 1-57003-508-3 ).
• Stadtjugendring Passau: DOCUMENTATION STOLPERSTEINE IN PASSAU

Web links

Commons : Stolpersteine ​​in Passau  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

• Chronicle of the laying of the stumbling blocks on the website of Gunter Demnig's project
• Stumbling blocks in Passau . Press archive of the City of Passau

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Stadtjugendring Passau: DOCUMENTATION STOLPERSTEINE IN PASSAU , pp. 36–38, accessed on August 11, 2019
2. ↑ Alemannia Judaica : Jewish History in Passau, accessed on January 29, 2020
3. ↑ haGalil , Jüdisches Leben online: “Die Juden zu Passau” and “Des Knaben Wunderhorn” , January 26, 2011, accessed on January 29, 2020
4. ↑ From the history of the Jewish communities in the German-speaking area: Passau / Donau (Bavaria) , accessed on January 29, 2020
5. ↑ Dr. Herbert Wurster (diocesan archivist, Passau): The history of the Jewish population of Passau , accessed on January 29, 2020
6. ↑ Moritz Stern, Der Passauer Judenprozess 1478, in: Jeschurun ​​11/12, 1928, pp.647-673 , accessed on January 29, 2020
7. ↑ The Central Database of Shoah Victims' Names : Anna Kathinka Burian , accessed November 23, 2019
8. ↑ ^{a b c d e f} Stadtjugendring Passau: DOCUMENTATION STOLPERSTEINE IN PASSAU , p. 27-31, accessed August 11, 2019
9. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h} Anna Rosmus : From Passau to Broadway - Kurt Burian and His Roots , accessed on August 11, 2019
10. ↑ The Central Database of Shoah Victims' Names Emil Burian , based on the memorial book Victims of the Persecution of Jews under National Socialist Rule in Germany 1933-1945, accessed on January 28, 2020
11. ↑ holocaust.cz: MARIE GOLDBACH , accessed on August 14, 2019
12. ↑ holocaust.cz: MORITZ GOLDBACH , accessed on August 14, 2019
13. ^ Kurt Burian has an entry in the Nazi propaganda publication Lexikon der Juden in der Musik (p. 45), but Oskar Burian does not. The publication appeared in 1940 and names Kurt Burian as Munich.
14. ↑ The encyclopedia of persecuted musicians of the Nazi era does not name any death dates : Kurt Burian , accessed on August 20, 2019
15. ↑ ^{a b c d} Stadtjugendring Passau: DOCUMENTATION STOLPERSTEINE IN PASSAU , p. 15-19, accessed August 11, 2019
16. ↑ Dr. Stefan Rammer - Aspects of Jewish Life in Passau, p. 98
17. ^ Anna Rosmus: Out of Passau . Leaving a city Hitler called home. Translated by Imogen von Tannenberg, University of South Carolina Press, Columbia, SC 2004, ISBN 1-57003-508-3 , p. 169.
18. ↑ Memorial Book - Victims of the Persecution of Jews under the National Socialist Tyranny in Germany 1933-1945: Grünebaum, Margarete Grete Margarethe , accessed on February 6, 2020
19. ↑ Dr. Stefan Rammer - Aspects of Jewish Life in Passau, p. 100
20. ↑ ^{a b c d} Stadtjugendring Passau: DOCUMENTATION STOLPERSTEINE IN PASSAU , p. 21-25, accessed August 11, 2019
21. ↑ Dr. Stefan Rammer - Aspects of Jewish Life in Passau, pp. 103-104
22. ↑ passau.de: STOLPERSTEINE in Passau , accessed on February 8, 2020