List of fire service accidents in the United States of America

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NYFD Memorial Wall.

The United States Fire Service Incident List is a listing of the incidents in which five or more American firefighters died on duty.

The worst fire service accidents in the United States include the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks (340 firefighters killed), the 1910 Great Fire (78 firefighters killed) and the 1933 Griffith Park Fire in Los Angeles (29 firefighters killed).

List of misfortunes

The number given in the "Victims" column relates to the number of firefighters killed. Often other people were also killed.

Until 1899

Franklin Street before and after the great Boston fire
date event place Victim description
July 9, 1850 Great fire of Philadelphia in 1850 Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 8th On the afternoon of July 9, 1850, a warehouse in the Philadelphia dockside area caught fire. The saltpeter stored there repeatedly caused explosions in the course of the fire, injuring over 100 people and killing 28 people. Among them 8 firefighters who died trying to fight the fire and evacuate residents.
October 19, 1857 Fire in a wholesale Chicago , Illinois 10 A lamp was knocked over in the early hours of the morning during a party in a wholesaler's building on South Water Street . This caused a major fire that quickly got out of hand. During the extinguishing work, a single firefighter was first killed by a falling wall. A little later, nine other firefighters and 13 wholesalers died when they tried to save goods and the roof collapsed.
June 19, 1867 Fire in a theater Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 9 A fire broke out in the stable of Fox's American Variety Theater after the last performance was over on June 19, 1867. During the extinguishing work, the facade of the building collapsed onto the street in front of it and buried more than two dozen people. Most of them, including nine firefighters, can only be recovered dead.
November 9, 1872 Great Boston Fire Boston , Massachusetts 9 (12) The Great Boston Fire is one of the worst urban fires in United States history. During the twelve-hour fire, over 750 buildings are disrupted and 13 people lose their lives. Among those killed were nine firefighters who were killed during fire fighting in various parts of the city.
February 7, 1882 Explosion in a fireworks factory Chester , Pennsylvania 8th The Jackson Fireworks Factory caught fire for some unknown reason. The firefighters from the volunteer fire brigades who rushed to the area fatally misjudged the amount of powder stored there and so the building exploded around 30 minutes after the extinguishing work began. Over fifty people are injured and thirteen people lost their lives. Among them eight firefighters.
17th August 1890 Fire in a publishing house Indianapolis , Indiana 13 In a fire in the Bowen-Merrill publishing house , the roof collapses and many of the firefighters inside are buried. Ten of them are still dying at the site, while three more will die of the long-term effects within the next few months.
July 10, 1893 Fire at the World's Columbian Exposition Chicago, Illinois 12 A cold store on the site of the World's Columbian Exposition catches fire due to construction defects . When the fire seemed to be under control, ammonia tanks exploded and many firefighters were trapped in the fire. While some of them are able to save themselves by jumping out the window, 12 firefighters are killed in the flames.
April 9, 1894 Fire in a theater Milwaukee , Wisconsin 9 After the fire that broke out in a hotel kitchen had spread to the theater next to it, firefighters tried to get inside the building to get to the source of the fire. When the roof collapsed, nine of them were killed and six others injured.
September 5, 1896 Fire in an opera house Benton Harbor , Michigan 12 While fighting a fire at the Yore Opera House , a wall collapses and buries twelve firefighters. None of them could be found alive.
  1. ↑ Sources vary between 9 and 12 firefighters killed.
  2. ↑ In various sources, 19 firefighters are often reported killed. However, this number refers to the total number of victims.

1900-1949

Wallace, Idaho after the Great Fire of 1910
Chicago Tribune cover after the Union Stock Yards Fire, 1910
Destruction in Texas City Harbor after the explosion, 1947
date event place Victim description
September 22, 1910 Great fire of 1910 Idaho 78 In August 1910 one of the worst wildfires in United States history breaks out. In Washington , Idaho and Montana , forests covering a total of over 12,000 km² are burning. 78 firefighters are killed during the extinguishing work. They are usually trapped in the fire and can no longer save themselves. The death toll would be significantly higher if Edward Pulaski had not rescued 45 firefighters in an abandoned mine, 39 of whom survived.
December 21, 1910 Fire in a leather goods factory Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 13 After a fire broke out in the Friedlander Leather Remnants Factory , a wall collapsed while extinguishing the fire, killing several firefighters. During the subsequent rescue attempt, other firefighters and a police officer were killed when other parts of the building collapsed. This is the worst calamity in the history of the Philadelphia Fire Department .
December 23, 1910 Union Stock Yards Fire Chicago , Illinois 21st Fires on the Union Stock Yards were not uncommon and could usually be brought under control quickly. But not on December 23, 1910. The fire broke out in a warehouse and hundreds of firefighters are trying to get control of it. While fighting the fire, a wall collapsed, killing 21 firefighters. No survivors could be recovered.
October 26, 1913 Fire in a factory Milwaukee , Wisconsin 8th Eight firefighters die in a fire at a Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company factory .
April 18, 1924 Fire in a commercial building ( Curran Hall Fire ) Chicago, Illinois 9 On April 18, 1924, a commercial building in Chicago caught fire. While several troops are advancing inside the building, an outside attack is carried out at the same time using ladders that have been leaned against the building wall. The building roof collapses and the facade walls are pushed outwards. Many firefighters are buried. Six of the firefighters died on the scene, another died eight days later of his injuries. For the first time in the history of the Chicago Fire Department, a civilian is being honored for his work. He had died trying to save the people buried under the rubble. The owner of a storage area in the building was later convicted of arson and murder.
August 1, 1932 Explosion in the basement of a high-rise building
( Ritz Tower Explosion ) 		New York City , New York 8th In a paint shop in the basement of the Ritz Tower , there was an unexplained cause of a fire. Paint fumes ignited and explode during the extinguishing work. This kills two firefighters and injures several. During the subsequent rescue attempt, there is a more powerful second explosion that kills five other men. Two weeks later one of them dies from serious injuries.
October 3, 1933 Griffith Park Fire Los Angeles , California 29 In Griffith Park in Los Angeles it comes in October 1933 a major fire. The fire was discovered quickly, but it got out of control due to the rising winds. While fighting the fire, many men are trapped in two ravines. They tried to escape the flames, but were overwhelmed by the fire and killed.
August 21, 1937 Blackwater Fire Shoshone National Forest , Wyoming 15th During a thunderstorm-triggered forest fire in the Shoshone National Forest near Blackwater Creek , the weather caused an explosive fire to spread. The men of the firefighting team are surprised by this when they create a firebreak. Nine of them die instantly and six others later succumb to burn injuries. In addition, 38 other firefighters are injured.
February 3, 1939 Fire in a Restaurant
( Collins Block Fire ) 		Syracuse , New York 9 After a fire broke out in a restaurant due to a defective heating system, which had already been extinguished, the ceiling between the ground floor and the basement collapsed. Eight firefighters were buried under the rubble. It took until February 5th to recover all of the dead. Another firefighter died a year later as a result of the incident.
October 1, 1943 Hauser Canyon Fire Cleveland National Forest , California 11 During a forest fire fight by soldiers of the USMC and the US Army , the wind changes due to the rising Santa Ana winds . This also changes the direction of the fire and overflows the fire fighters in Hauser Canyon . Only four soldiers escape the fire. The remaining 11 of the extinguishing unit are killed.
July 9, 1943 Fire in a commercial building Chicago, Illinois 8th A fire broke out in the same building on July 8th and 9th. While the first fire could still be fought successfully, eight firefighters died on the second mission.
March 10, 1946 Fire in a theater
( Strand Theater Fire ) 		Brockton , Massachusetts 13 When it opened in 1915, the Strand Theater was considered innovative in terms of fire protection. In the following years, however, it was rebuilt again and again and so on March 10, 1946, various building sins led to a small routine fire developing into a massive major fire. After the fire broke out in the basement, the ventilation system allowed it to spread inside the building. This ultimately led to the collapse of the west facade. In the collapse, 13 firefighters were killed and 20 others injured.
April 16, 1947 Texas City Explosion Texas City , Texas 28 The Texas City Explosion is considered to be one of the worst industrial accidents in the United States. 581 people died in an explosion of around 2,300 tons of ammonium nitrate triggered by a fire. Including 28 firefighters who tried to fight the fire.
August 5, 1949 Man Gulch Fire Helena National Forest , Montana 13 When a forest fire broke out in Mann Gulch , a small notch valley in the Helena National Forest , the fire jumpers deployed are surrounded by the fire and then rolled over. Only three of the firefighters survive. The fire is one of the most famous forest fires in the USA thanks to the book "Young Men in Fire" by Norman Maclean .
  1. ↑ Various sources give 86 firefighters killed. However, this figure relates to the total number of people killed.

1950-1999

Crosses in memory of the victims of the Rattlesnake forest fire
date event place Victim description
17th January 1950 Camp Carson Burn Colorado Springs , Colorado 9 A forest fire on Cheyenne Mountain spreads to Camp Carson after a change in wind direction . Eight soldiers and one volunteer die trying to stop the flames at the camp.
July 10, 1953 Rattlesnake Fire Mendocino National Forest , California 15th As a result of an explosive spread of fire due to the rising wind after a brief period of calm, 15 firefighters were killed after they were no longer able to escape the flames. The fire was started by an arsonist who was later charged with murder.
October 28, 1954 Explosion of a gas tank
( The Berg Explosion ) 		Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 10 A gas leak occurs on the premises of a textile company after the valve of a gas tank was corroded. The fire brigade had just arrived on the premises when the damaged tank exploded. The blast directly killed three firefighters and injured 25 other people. In the hours and days that followed, seven other firefighters died of their injuries.
July 29, 1956 Fire at the McKee refinery near Dumas , Texas 19th A fire breaks out in the area of ​​the oil storage tanks on the premises of Shamrock Oil and Gas McKee . After the fire brigade arrived at the scene, the fire fighting began and the surrounding tanks were cooled with water. The measures showed little success due to the great intensity of the fire and so a damaged storage tank exploded. This led to a strong secondary explosion, which led to severe burns at a distance of 400 m. A total of 35 people were killed in the explosion.
November 24, 1956 Inaja Fire Cleveland National Forest , California 11 To stop the further spread of the Inaja forest fire, the firefighters tried to enclose the fire with a firebreak. During the night the wind turned and the fire hit the fire fighters. In the subsequent investigation, several serious organizational errors were uncovered, which probably contributed to the death of the men. Among other things, this led to the development of the Ten Standard Firefighting Orders .
August 8, 1959 Decker Fire near Lake Elsinore , California 6th A vehicle fire caused a fire in Decker Canyon , which spread along the Cleveland National Forest . A change in wind caused the flames to hit the Ortega Highway and overrun some of the fire fighting teams.
August 18, 1959 Southwest Boulevard Fire Kansas City , Missouri 5 A fire at the Continental Oil Company on Southwest Boulevard, a combined gas station and tank farm, explodes a gasoline tank, killing five firefighters and one civilian and injuring 35 other firefighters. The incident changed how horizontal fuel tanks were fired and led to the underground installation of the storage tanks of gas stations.
January 28, 1961 Warehouse Fire
( Hubbard Street Fire ) 		Chicago , Illinois 9 While a fire is being extinguished in a commercial building, a wall crashes onto the roof of an adjacent building. Several firefighters tried to fight the fire from here. They are dug under the rubble. During the subsequent rescue attempt, the affected roof also collapses. Nine firefighters are killed and others are seriously injured.
17th October 1966 Fire in a commercial building
( 23rd Street Fire ) 		New York City , New York 12 In the event of a fire in a drugstore, the burning cellar went undetected. When the firefighters started fighting the fire on the ground floor and the first floor of the building, the floor on the first floor collapsed completely unexpectedly. Ten firefighters fell directly into the burning basement and perished there, two more died on the first floor when the fire spread explosively after the collapse. Until the September 11th terrorist attacks , this was the NYFD's worst calamity .
November 1, 1966 Loop fire Los Angeles , California 12 While trying to create a firebreak down the hill, a hotshot unit in a chimney-like canyon was caught by the flames. The fire shot up through the canyon some 670 m in less than a minute, killing twelve firefighters and ten more seriously burned.
17th June 1972 Fire in the Hotel Vendome Boston , Massachusetts 9 A fire breaks out in the Hotel Vendome during renovation work . When a wall suddenly collapses, 25 firefighters are trapped in the burning building. Nine firefighters can only be rescued dead during the immediate rescue operation.
5th July 1973 Kingman explosion Kingman , Arizona 12 When unloading, a railway wagon loaded with propane catches fire. If you try to cool the wagon with water and prevent an explosion, a BLEVE occurs . Eleven firefighters from the Kingman Fire Department and a Highway Patrol officer were killed in the explosion . 99 other people, mostly bystanders, were injured, some seriously.
17th August 1975 Fire in the Gulf Oil refinery Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 8th During the loading process of a tanker, escaping hydrocarbons ignite due to human error . This resulted in a fire and multiple explosions on the refinery site. The firefighting work is made much more difficult by the explosions and six firefighters from the professional fire brigade and two from the plant fire brigade are killed.
2nd August 1978 Fire in Waldbaum's supermarket New York City, New York 6th In a supermarket fire, the roof structure failed when the fire brigade was busy creating exhaust air openings on the roof. 20 firefighters rush into the burning supermarket. Six of them can no longer be recovered alive.
December 27, 1983 Fire in the warehouse of a workshop Buffalo , New York 5 After workers in a car repair shop damaged a gas tank during loading work, the fire brigade was called in for support. However, the explosion of the tank could no longer be prevented and a total of six people were killed. Over 30 houses were damaged and 70 people injured.
July 23, 1984 Union Oil Refinery fire Romeoville , Illinois 10 After a gas leak was detected in a storage tank, the refinery workers were unable to take countermeasures quickly enough. The escaping gas exploded a little later. This severely damaged the production facilities and resulted in further explosions and subsequent fires. Ten employees of the plant fire brigade , who had just started the first fire fighting measures, were killed by the explosion of a damaged storage tank for liquid gas. In addition to the fire fighters, seven refinery workers were also killed.
August 1, 1988 Fire in an auto repair shop Hackensack , New Jersey 5 In the event of a fire in a car repair shop, five firefighters try to extinguish the fire in an indoor attack. When the wooden structure of the roof suddenly fails, they are buried under the burning rubble of the roof. Your comrades can only rescue those buried dead.
November 29, 1988 Explosion on a construction site Kansas City , Missouri 6th A pick-up truck that was used to store fuel and explosives is set on fire by thieves on a construction site . Several vehicles are then ordered from the control center to the deployment site. Although the first six firefighters to arrive act cautiously, they are surprised by the explosion of the stored materials and all are killed.
June 23, 1990 Dude Fire Apache Sitgreaves National Forest , Arizona 6th After a forest fire broke out in the Apache-Sitgreaves National Forest, firefighters from a hotshot crew tried to contain the fire through a firebreak . In Walk Moore Canyon the fire fighters are overrun by fire. Although they seek refuge under their fire shelters , six people on the team burn to death .
5th July 1994 South Canyon Fire White River National Forest , Colorado 14th A change in weather can cause a forest fire in the White River National Forest to spread much faster than expected. This trapped 49 firefighters in the flames. 35 of them manage to escape into safe terrain, or they survive the fire thanks to their protective equipment.
December 3, 1999 Fire in the Worcester Cold Storage and Warehouse Worcester , Massachusetts 6th Several troops get lost in the building due to dense smoke development in a warehouse. The rescue team deployed cannot save them in time and they run out of breath. The incident leads to profound changes in the training of firefighters in the United States.


From 2000

Fireman in front of the remains of the destroyed World Trade Center
Aerial view of the site five days after the West Fertilizer Company explosion, 2013
date event place Victim description
September 11, 2001 terror attacs at the 11th September 2001 New York City , New York 340 After the first plane impact, the rescue work began in the north tower of the WTC . After the second plane struck, the building should be cleared by the fire department. Some firefighters ignored the order and others were unable to leave the building in time. When the tower collapsed, they were buried. After the north tower collapsed, more rescue workers were buried in rubble. A total of 411 auxiliary workers lost their lives that day.
August 24, 2003 traffic accident Roseburg , Oregon 8th On the way back from a two-week mission in a forest fire, the vehicle of the eight firefighters collides with a tractor while overtaking. All eight die at the scene of the accident.
October 26, 2006 Esperanza Fire San Bernardino National Forest , California 5 While trying to protect a house from a forest fire, unfavorable winds cause the fire to spread unexpectedly quickly. The five men in the fire fighting unit have no chance to protect themselves and are burned.
June 18, 2007 Fire at the Sofa Super Store in Charleston Charleston , South Carolina 9 In the event of a fire in a furniture store, construction defects and many fatal errors in the handling of operations by the fire service cause the deaths of nine firefighters. The results of the investigation into the incident are used worldwide for training purposes.
August 5, 2008 Buckhorn Fire Shasta-Trinity National Forest , California 9 In the event of a forest fire, a helicopter from the fire department provides support. The crew and seven firefighters were killed. The later investigation reveals that the person responsible for the procurement of the helicopter had deliberately supplied incorrect specifications. He was sentenced to 13 years in prison.
17th April 2013 Explosion in the West Fertilizer Company West , Texas 12 After a part of the plant caught fire on the premises of a fertilizer manufacturer, a tank with ammonium nitrate exploded during the extinguishing work . 12 firefighters and three other people were killed in the explosion. The subsequent investigation revealed serious violations by the supervisory authorities and the company itself.
30th of June 2013 Yarnell Hill Fire Yarnell , Arizona 19th While trying to protect the town of Yarnell from a forest fire, members of a hotshot crew are caught in the flames when the weather changes. Only one man can escape, the rest die in the sea of ​​flames.
  1. ↑ In addition to 340 firefighters, the NYFD lost two paramedics and a chaplain.

See also

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v "Deadliest incidents resulting in the deaths of 8 or more firefighters" , at www.nfpa.org, accessed on 9 May 2017
  2. ↑ Harry Kyriakodis: "Fire on Water (front)" , at www.hiddencityphila.org on October 7, 2011, accessed on May 10, 2017
  3. ↑ a b c "HISTORY OF THE CHICAGO FIRE DEPARTMENT" (English; PDF , 1.33 MB), from www.cityofchicago.org, accessed on May 10, 2017
  4. ^ Bill Cosgrove: "Chicago's Forgotten Tragedy" (English), pp. 9-11, AuthorHouse, September 23, 2010, ISBN 978-1452079394
  5. ^ "Marysville Daily Appeal, Number 16, 20 July 1867 (English), at www.cdnc.ucr.edu, accessed May 10, 2017
  6. ^ "Information from the Boston Fire Historical Society (English), at www.bostonfirehistory.org, accessed May 10, 2017
  7. ^ "Delaware County Daily Times from Chester, Pennsylvania - Page 26 - November 23, 1963" , at www.newspapers.com, accessed May 10, 2017
  8. ↑ "RetroIndy: Indianapolis area firefighter deaths" , from www.usatoday.com on October 1, 2014, accessed on May 10, 2017
  9. ↑ Ray Johnson: "July 10, 1893 World's Columbian Exposition Cold Storage Fire Should be the Origin of“ Murphy's Law ”" , at www.chicagonow.com on July 10, 2015, accessed on May 10, 2017
  10. ^ "Nine Brave Men Die" (English), in the Chicago Tribune of April 10, 1984 at www.archives.chicagotribune.com, accessed on May 10, 2017
  11. ^ "The News-Palladium from Benton Harbor, Michigan - Page 6 -September 6, 1946" , at www.newspapers.com, accessed May 10, 2017
  12. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n "Top 10 Deadliest Wildland Firefighter Fatality Incidents" , at www.nfpa.org, accessed on May 9, 2017
  13. ↑ EC Pulaski: "Surrounded by Forest Fires" ( Memento of the original from October 16, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (English; PDF; 628 KB), from www.foresthistory.org, accessed on October 27, 2016 @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.foresthistory.org
  14. ↑ "Information on those killed" (English), at www.findagrave.com, accessed on May 10, 2017
  15. ^ "Information on the Union Stocks Yards Fire" , at www.chicagology.com, accessed May 10, 2015
  16. ^ "List of Fallen Firefighters" , at www.city.milwaukee.gov, accessed on May 10, 2017
  17. ↑ "Background information on Michael Devine, a fireman who died in the Curran Hall Fire" (English), at www.fsi.illinois.edu, accessed on May 18, 2017
  18. ^ "Ritz Tower Explosion (English), at www.nycfirewire.net on August 1, 2016, accessed on May 10, 2017
  19. ^ "The Griffith Park Fire" , at www.lafire.com, accessed May 10, 2017
  20. ^ "Staff Ride to the Blackwater Fire" , at www.fireleadership.gov, accessed on May 10, 2017
  21. ↑ Jacob Pucci: "Throwback Thursday: Remembering the 'dramatic, tragic' Collins Block fire" , on www.syracuse.com on February 4, 2016, accessed on May 10, 2017
  22. ↑ "Report on Casualties and Injuries of US Marine Corps Men on Hauser Creek Fire" ( PDF , 1.74 MB), at www.wildfiretoday.com, accessed on May 10, 2017
  23. ↑ Christopher Naum: "The Strand Theater Fire Brockton (MA) 1941; 13 Firefighter LODD" , on www.commandsafety.com on March 10, 2010, accessed on May 17, 2017
  24. ↑ "1947 Texas City Disaster" (English), at www.texascity-library.org, accessed on May 10, 2017
  25. ^ "The Story That Tore Through the Trees" , at www.nymag.com, accessed on May 10, 2017
  26. ^ Charles J. Gleeson: "The Man Who Played WIth Fire" (English; PDF , 1.03 MB), at www.foresthistory.org, accessed on May 12, 2017
  27. ↑ Mike Pence, Greg Masi: "Out of the Past: The Berg Explosion-Philadelphia 1954" ( Memento of the original from August 1, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (English), from www.phillyfirenews.com on November 5, 2014, accessed on May 12, 2017 @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.phillyfirenews.com
  28. ↑ Karen Smith Welch: "19 firefighters died at refinery in 1956"  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (English), from www.amarillo.com on February 17, 2007, accessed on May 12, 2017@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / amarillo.com  
  29. ↑ "The Inaja Forest Fire Disaster" (English; PDF , 516 KB), at www.wlfalwaysremember.org, accessed on May 12, 2017
  30. ↑ John Wilkens: "Deadly 1956 chaos led to 'firefighting orders'" (English), at www.wlfalwaysremember.org on November 25, 2006, accessed on May 26, 2017
  31. ↑ "The Hubbard Street Fire: The 50th anniversary of a tragic dual collapse" , at www.firefighternation.com on January 28, 2011, accessed on May 12, 2017
  32. ^ "The 23rd. Street Fire, October 17, 1966 (English), at www.nyfd.com, accessed May 12, 2017
  33. ^ G. Brunton, WR Moore, HK Spaulding, CC Wilson: "THE LOOP FIRE DISASTER" (English), at www.coloradofirecamp.com, accessed on May 12, 2017
  34. ↑ JD Capelouto: "Boston firefighters remember nine who died fighting Hotel Vendome blaze" (English), on www.bostonglobe.com on 17 June 2016 called on May 17, 2017
  35. ↑ "The Disaster Story" (English) at www.kingmanhistoricdistrict.com, accessed on May 12, 2017
  36. ↑ Robert Burke: "http://www.firehouse.com/article/10465196/remembering-the-gulf-oil-refinery-fire" Remembering the Gulf Oil Refinery Fire " , on www.firehouse.com on 3 December 2010, accessed May 17, 2017
  37. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m "Deadliest fires with 5 or more firefighter deaths at the fire ground" , at www.nfpa.org, accessed on May 9, 2017
  38. ^ "Waldbaum's Supermarket Fire: 35 Years Later" , on www.firefighternation.com on August 2, 2013
  39. ↑ Lindsey Gruson: "ILLEGALLY STORED PROPANE IS BLAMED FOR BLAST THAT KILLED 6 IN BUFFALO" , in the New York Times on December 29, 1983, accessed on May 9, 2017
  40. ↑ "Background information on Perry Parker, a firefighter who died in the fire" (English) at www.fsi.illinois.edu, accessed on May 9, 2017
  41. ^ Robert D. McFadden, "5 Firefighters Killed in Jersey as a Roof Collapses" , in the New York Times on July 2, 1988, accessed on May 9, 2017
  42. ↑ "Six Kansas City firefighters killed in 1988 explosion" (English), on www.kansascity.com on June 10, 2014. Retrieved on May 9, 2017
  43. ^ "A fresh look at the tragic Dude Fire" (English), at www.wildfiretoday.com, accessed on May 9, 2017
  44. ↑ "memorial website for the South Canyon Fire" (English), www.southcanyonfire.com, accessed on May 12, 2017
  45. ↑ "Dead in the Line of Duty ... A summary of a NIOSH fire fighter fatality investigation" , at www.cdc.gov on September 27, 2000, accessed on May 9, 2017
  46. ↑ James Hanlon: "Why we must keep telling the FDNY's 9/11 Story" , at www.cnn.com on September 9, 2016, accessed on May 17, 2016
  47. ↑ "Friends Mourn 8 Firefighters Killed in Oregon" , from www.abcnews.com, accessed May 12, 2017
  48. ↑ "10 years later: How the Esperanza fire became a raging inferno that killed 5 firefighters" (English), on www.sbsun.com on October 23, 2016, accessed on May 17, 2017
  49. ↑ "Charleston Nine - Learning from accidents"  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. ( PDF , 2.19 MB), from www.atemschutzunfaelle.eu, accessed on May 9, 2017@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.atemschutzunfaelle.eu  
  50. ↑ "Executive sentenced to 12 years in helicopter case; crash killed 7 firefighters, 2 pilots" , at www.foxnews.com on June 16, 2015, accessed on May 9, 2017
  51. ↑ "NIOSH LODD Report: Texas Fertilizer Plant Explosion" , at www.firerescuemagazine.com April 4, 2017, accessed May 9, 2017
  52. ↑ Kyle Dickman: "19: The True Story of the Yarnell Hill Fire" , at www.outsideonline.com on September 17, 2013, accessed on May 12, 2017