Lužec (Raspenava)

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Lužec
Lužec does not have a coat of arms
Lužec (Raspenava) (Czech Republic)
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Basic data
State : Czech RepublicCzech Republic Czech Republic
Region : Liberecký kraj
District : Liberec
Municipality : Raspenava
Geographic location : 50 ° 53 '  N , 15 ° 10'  E Coordinates: 50 ° 53 '13 "  N , 15 ° 9' 48"  E
Height: 355  m nm
Residents :
Postal code : 463 61
License plate : L.
traffic
Street: Frýdlant - Hejnice
Railway connection: Raspenava – Bílý Potok pod Smrkem

Lužec , until 1946 Mildeneichen , is a locality in the city of Raspenava in the Czech Republic . It is located two and a half kilometers southeast of the center of Raspenava and belongs to the Okres Liberec .

geography

Lužec extends below the confluence of the Libverdský potok ( Liebwerder Bach ) on the right bank of the Smědá ( Wittig ) in the Jizera foothills . To the north rise the Chlum ( Hohe Hain , 495 m) and the Pekelský vrch ( Höllberg , 487 m), in the northeast the Dubový vrch ( Eichberg , 467 m), east the Smrk ( table spruce , 1124 m) and the Tišina (Dresslerberg, 873 m), in the southeast of the Ořešník ( Nussstein , 800 m), south of the Na Chatkách (465 m) and in the northwest of the Vapenný vrch (424 m). The Raspenava – Bílý Potok pod Smrkem railway runs through Lužec ; the station is called Lužec pod Smrkem . To the north is the Peklo Nature Park.

Neighboring towns are Dolní Řasnice , V Lukách, Hajniště and Peklo in the north, Ludvíkov pod Smrkem and Přebytek in the Northeast, Libverda in the east, Hejnice in the southeast, Ferdinandov in the south, V Lukách, Filipka in the southwest, Albrechtice u Frýdlantu , Nichtovy Domky and Dětřichov in the west and Raspenava and Luh in the northwest.

history

After the Lords of Bieberstein had acquired Seidenberg in 1278 , they relocated the manor to Friedland and had the surrounding forest areas colonized by German settlers. The villages founded between the end of the 13th and beginning of the 14th century included Mildeneichen, Mildenau and Raspenau. Myldenowchin was first mentioned in writing in the Friedländer land register of 1381. At the end of the 14th century, the lords of Bieberstein enfeoffed their vassal Heinrich Kroe with mild oaks. On June 21, 1432, a flood of the Wittig in Mildeneichen left severe damage; this was also the first flood that can be proven in writing. Further floods occurred in 1442 and 1471.

In the Bieberstein property distribution agreement of 1463, Mildeneichen is listed as a Lehndorf of the Friedland lordship, while Mildenau and Raspenau formed official villages. In 1521 Heinrich von Schwanitz built an ironworks in Raspenau am Stolpich ; the ores were processed in several stamping works , one of which was across from Mildeneichen between Raspenau and Haindorf an der Wittig. Another stamp mill is assumed based on the preserved dams of several ponds on the Telke ( Pekelský potok ). In 1551, Christoph von Bieberstein, the Friedlander branch of the family died out and the rule returned to the Crown of Bohemia through reversion . On April 1, 1558, the imperial council Friedrich von Redern acquired the feudal lordship of Friedland with Reichenberg , Hammerstein and Seidenberg for 40,000 thalers. A mill ( Trenklermühle ) in Mildeneichen has been documented since the second half of the 16th century ; its first proven owner was Fabian Lindner from Haindorf, who sold it to Hans Benisch in 1588.

After the battle of the White Mountain , Christoph von Redern's possessions were confiscated and the Kronlehn Friedland and Reichenberg left to Albrecht von Waldstein for 150,000 Rhenish guilders . After his assassination in 1634, Matthias von Gallas received the rule, while the place was called Mildenaichen . After the end of the war, in 1651 the Counts of Gallas continued the re-Catholicization of the Protestant population, which had begun by Waldstein, since the time of the Lords of Bieberstein. Most of the residents left the village and went into exile in neighboring Upper Lusatia and Silesia . In the berní rula of 1654, six peasant farms, including two desert, as well as seven gardening jobs, three of which were abandoned, are listed for mild oaks. In 1660 the village consisted of nine farmers and three cottagers in the floodplain. After the Mildeneichen local judge family Neumann acquired the mill in the middle of the 17th century and owned it for a long time, it was called the Mildeneichener Scholtessenmahlmühle . During the Friedland peasant uprising of 1679/80 under the leadership of the Rückersdorf blacksmith Andreas Stelzig, the Mildeneichen judge Hans Georg Neumann, as well as his Mildenauer and Raspenau colleagues, joined the rebels. In 1683 the three judges were punished for this with the loss of their fiefdoms and licensing rights. In addition, they were again obliged to pay with gold coins and each was fined 300 guilders. Judge Neumann's petition for clemency was successful and he was spared the penalty.

Major damage from the Wittig flood occurred in 1607, 1651, 1673, July 3, 1675, 1685, 1688, 1692 and July 14, 1702. In 1716 there were seven farmers, gardeners and two cottagers in Mildeneichen . In addition, there were the seven chalets that had been built at the remote Höllner sheep farm at the beginning of the 18th century for safety reasons. In August 1728, a flood tore away Christoph Hausmann's house and seriously damaged another one. There was further flood damage in 1756, 1776 and 1780. When the house numbers were introduced in 1771, 24 houses were counted in Mildeneichen, eight of which were in the light . In the course of raabization , the owner of the Friedland estate, Christian Philipp von Clam-Gallas , had the corridors of the Höllner Meierhof and the sheep farm parceled out in 1780 and sold to subjects. The new village in Telketal, consisting of 33 properties, with an area of ​​203 acres was initially called Hell and was officially named Karolinenthal in 1784 after the wife of the founder, Karolina Josepha, born Countess von Sporck . In 1783 Karolinenthal , which in the meantime surpassed Mild oaks in size and population, was separated from Mild oaks and its own judge was appointed. In 1788 Anton Trenkler from Güntersdorf bought the Mildeneichener Mühle. Other spellings of the place name were Milden Euchen and Müldeneichen (1795), the vernacular called the village Millschn . There were further floods in 1803, 1804, 1808 and 1824. As early as 1822, the villages of Raspenau, Mildenau and Mildeneichen acquired a communal wooden fire engine . It was made by the wheelwright Bergmann from Ringenhain and housed in a specially built syringe house near the Raspenau church. In 1827 Ferdinand Schöler set up a cotton mill in Mildeneichen.

Seal mark municipal office Mildeneichen

In 1832 Mildeneiche consisted of 41 houses with 252 inhabitants. There was a grinder and a board saw in the village. The parish and school location was Raspenau . Mildeneiche remained subject to the allodial rule of Friedland until the middle of the 19th century .

After the abolition of patrimonial , Mildeneichen and Mildeneiche formed a municipality in the Bunzlauer Kreis and judicial district of Friedland from 1850 with the Karolinthal district . The cadastre of Mildeneichen (402 acres) and Karolinthal (203 acres) were reunited into one. In 1857 the community had 716 inhabitants. On August 1 and 2, 1858, the Wittigtal was hit by one of the most severe floods; it destroyed Ignaz Köhler's house and all bridges to Raspenau. The flood also caused severe damage to the cotton mill, which was now owned by Anton Welkens; the new weir was completely washed away, the dam of the pond was torn away and the factory ditch and the ice cellar were also devastated. The company never recovered from this. A total of 6615 guilders were damaged in mild oaks. In 1864 the company C. Welkens had to file for bankruptcy, three years later the wife of the Hegewald porcelain manufacturer Karl Persch, Barbara Persch, bought the factory and passed it on to their sons Adolf and Robert, who converted the spinning mill into a porcelain factory.

From 1868 the community belonged to the Friedland district . In 1869 690 people lived in Mildeneichen with Karolinthal. In 1880 the community had 777 inhabitants, of which 391 were in Karolinthal and 386 in Mild Oaks. The close connection between the independent communities of Mildeneichen, Mildenau and Raspenau located in the upper Wittigtal was reflected in the unofficial name of Oberwittigtal in the last third of the 19th century , and the lively club life that arose at that time also led to the formation of a number of cross-local associations, the Oberwittigtal or Ober Wittigtal in the name. In 1871 the First Oberwittigtal Fire Brigade was founded in Mildeneichen . In 1873 it received its own fire engine, the following year the syringe house was inaugurated. Although Raspenau and Mildenau also bought their own fire engines in 1874, both villages still had no fire brigades of their own until the end of the 19th century. In 1884 the fire brigade was formed in Ferdinandsthal , 1886 in Raspenau, 1887 in Mildenau and 1892 in Karolinthal.

Another company in Mildeneichen was the first Oberwittigtaler iron foundry and machine factory founded by Ferdinand Zelsmann in 1880 . Zelsmann was made an honorary citizen of the community because of his charity. In 1887 Adolf Rösler and Wilhelm Wildner founded another porcelain factory in Karolinthal, which however only had one kiln and burned down in 1904. On June 14, 1880, a flood again caused severe damage. In 1890 390 people lived in the 67 houses of Mildeneichen and 347 in the 72 houses of Karolinthal. In 1898, the farmer Anton Stompe opened the prestigious mountain inn Sophienwäldchen on the road to Bad Liebwerda ; after the inn burned down in 1901, it was reopened under the new name Zur Kaiserhöhe . Subsequently, the owners of the Kaiserhöhe changed frequently; Ultimately, no one managed to run the restaurant successfully. In 1923 the district health insurance fund bought the property and converted it into a sanatorium.

In 1900 the Raspenau-Weißbach local railway started operating in the Wittig Valley . A year later, a one-class village school began teaching in Mildeneichen, but the schoolhouse was not completed until the summer of 1902. Before that, the children were taught in Raspenau and partly also in Haindorf . In 1910 the community Mildeneichen with the district Karolinthal and the single layers Eichberg and Pikett had 961 German-speaking inhabitants. The village of Mildeneichen had grown to 84 houses and had 592 inhabitants; in Karolinthal, on the other hand, development stagnated due to the remote location, 369 people lived in the 76 houses in the village. The cadastre of mild oaks with caroline valley covered an area of ​​605 acres 102 square fathoms . In 1910 a children's home with 30 places was opened in Mildeneichen, which was supported by the orphan welfare association. The association's president was Marie Richter, the wife of the Mildenau industrialist Max Richter. In 1912 there were 17 industrial and commercial enterprises in Mildeneichen and five in Karolinthal; However, the focus of the change from the rural villages on the Wittig to industrial communities was in Raspenau with 138 companies, and there were already 73 companies in Mildenau. Most of the residents worked for Anton Richter's sons in Mildenau.

In 1930, 882 people lived in the community of Mildeneichen. After the Munich Agreement , it was incorporated into the German Reich in 1938; until 1945 Mildeneichen belonged to the Friedland district . In 1939 the community had 829 inhabitants. After the end of the Second World War, Mildeneichen came back to Czechoslovakia and most of the German-Bohemian residents were expelled. In 1946 the place was renamed Lužec . In 1950 Lužec was incorporated into Raspenava. In the course of the abolition of the Okres Frýdlant, the village was assigned to the Okres Liberec in 1960. In 1962 the villages Lužec and Luh on the right of Smědá were merged with Raspenava on the left bank of the river to form the town of Raspenava.

Mildeneichen porcelain factory (1867–1927)

In 1867 Barbara Persch bought the bankrupt C. Welkens cotton spinning mill and handed it over to her sons Adolf and Robert, who had the building converted into a porcelain factory . In 1870 the brothers shared the property; Adolf Persch took over his father's porcelain factory in Hegewald and Robert Persch took over the factory in Mildeneichen, which from then on traded as R. Persch . In 1876 he had a villa built next to the factory. In 1876, Robert Persch died in a traffic accident at the age of 37. His widow Franziska led the company together with the director Hugo Kirsche to economic prosperity. At the Austrian-Hungarian industrial and agricultural exhibition in Trieste in 1882, the R. Persch company received several awards. In the following year Franziska Persch built a second factory opposite the Mildeneichen porcelain factory on Raspenauer Flur. In 1887 the R. Persch porcelain factory was granted the title of privilege porcelain factory and the use of the Austrian eagle.

Director Kirsche left the factory in 1898. In the following year Franziska Persch passed the company on to her children Karl, Max, Ernst, Robert and Hermine. Ernst Persch was authorized to represent the company; his mother received power of attorney. Due to changes in the world market, the company ran into financial difficulties and had to temporarily stop production in 1900. Karl Persch, Robert Persch and Hermine Robrecht then left as shareholders. In 1905 Josef Beck from Reichenberg became a silent partner. He tried to force exports with moderate success, and in 1906 R. Persch opened an export office in Hamburg . Max Persch died in 1907. Beck resigned from the company in the same year. In 1908 bankruptcy proceedings were opened for the R. Persch porcelain factory, which was privately owned by the Imperial Court , from which the Charlottenburg military tailor Georg Robrecht, a brother-in-law of Hermine Robrecht, acquired the two factories. In 1915, Robrecht was granted permission to use the imperial eagle in corporate documents. In 1919 Georg Robrecht sold the Austrian porcelain factories in Mildeneichen and Raspenau to the wood goods exporter and owner of the Haindorf imperial court, Josef Franz Scholz. The company then traded as Porzellanfabriken JF Scholz . After the death of Josef Franz Scholz, the porcelain factories JF Scholz were continued from 1923 by his descendants Marie, Franzi, Elle, married Pulz, Oskar, Erwin, Hermann and Albert. In 1927, the trade association of the porcelain manufacturers in Czechoslovakia bought the company, closed the factories and grinded all the kilns.

Attractions

  • Chapel at the junction of the road to Lázně Libverda, built in 1855 by Eleonore Köhler, renovated in 2004
  • Votive shrine from 1693 at the spirits farm No. 15, it was part of the pilgrimage route laid out by Johanna Emerentia von Gallas from Frýdlant Castle to the Hejnice pilgrimage church with twelve small chapels, three of which are still preserved. In 2003 it was renovated and rebuilt.
  • Peklo Natural Park
  • Chlum hill with prehistoric settlement

literature

  • Anton Franz Ressel: History of the communities Raspenau, Mildenau and Mildeneichen , 2 parts, 1914 u. 1929

Web links

Commons : Lužec (Raspenava)  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ http://www.zakonyprolidi.cz/cs/1947-123
  2. ^ Johann Gottfried Sommer , Franz Xaver Maximilian Zippe The Kingdom of Bohemia, Vol. 2 Bunzlauer Kreis, 1834, p. 319
  3. ↑ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. Friedland district at the Jizera Mountains. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).