Młynary
| Młynary | |||
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| Basic data | |||
| State : | Poland | ||
| Voivodeship : | Warmia-Masuria | ||
| Powiat : | Elbląski | ||
| Gmina : | Młynary | ||
| Area : | 2.76 km² | ||
| Geographic location : | 54 ° 10 ′ N , 19 ° 44 ′ E | ||
| Residents : | 1772 (June 30, 2019) | ||
| Postal code : | 14-420 | ||
| Telephone code : | (+48) 55 | ||
| License plate : | NEB | ||
| Economy and Transport | |||
| Street : | DW505 : Frombork ↔ Pasłęk | ||
| DW509 : Elbląg ↔ Drwęczno (- Orneta ) | |||
| Milejewo → Młynary | |||
| Next international airport : | Danzig | ||
Młynary [ mwɨˈnarɨ ] ( German Mühlhausen i. Ostpr. ) Is a city in the powiat Elbląski of the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship in Poland . It is the seat of the town-and-country municipality of the same name with 4419 inhabitants (as of June 30, 2019).
location
The city is located in the historical region of East Prussia , about 70 kilometers east-southeast of Gdansk , 20 kilometers south of the Frischen Haff on the southeast side of the Trunzer Mountains , the northwestern foothills of the Oberland, of which it is the northernmost city. The small river Donne flows through the urban area and flows into the Haff tributary Bauda (Baude) .
history
There are two versions of the origin of the place name Mühlhausen , according to which either a reference to the city of the same name in Thuringia or to an early watermill on the Donne is made. The coat of arms with the representation of a mill wheel already used by the German inhabitants speaks for the mill version.
German medal
The date of the founding deed is not certain either, it is believed that it was issued between 1320 and 1331 by the Elbingen Commander of the Teutonic Order Hermann von Öttingen. The so-called hand festival was renewed in 1338 and 1404. It emerges from it that the mayor Nicolaus von Kunyn was commissioned with the development of the town of "Molhusen". The settlement was created south of a small castle of the Teutonic Order. Until 1410 the castle was the seat of the forest master of the Elbing Commandery. In 1349 urban development suffered a setback when around 1,000 residents died of the plague. In 1408 the Grand Master of the Order, Ulrich von Jungingen , stayed in Mühlhausen. In this context, a school in the city was mentioned for the first time. During the wars between the Teutonic Order and Poland Mulhouse was in 1414 by the Poles sacked . In 1440 the city joined the Prussian Confederation , in which numerous cities had come together to ward off the financial burdens of the order. In the so-called city war that arose from this conflict , Mühlhausen was subjugated in 1455 by the Elbinger Komtur Heinrich Reuss von Plauen and the mayor was drowned in the Donne in a punitive action. In return, the troops of the Prussian Confederation took the city in the same year and burned it down again. Destruction also occurred in the order's last armed forces against Poland, the equestrian war of 1520.
Prussia
After the monastic state was secularized in 1525 and converted into the Duchy of Prussia , Mühlhausen was administered by the main office of Prussian Holland in the Oberland district. Another plague epidemic in 1625 killed 142 residents. A pharmacist was first mentioned in the town in 1626. During the Swedish-Polish wars, Mühlhausen was occupied by the Swedes in the winter of 1628/29 and had to take on three Swedish companies. The occupation lasted until 1631, accompanied by another plague epidemic, which this time claimed 400 deaths, including Swedish soldiers. In 1655, the Swedish King Karl X. Gustav set up the Swedish headquarters in Mühlhausen under his Imperial Chancellor Axel Oxenstierna . Before the Swedes left, the city was pillaged.
In 1678 the Brandenburg army moved a garrison to the city, and Mühlhausen remained a garrison town under Prussia until 1806. When the Oberländische Kreis was dissolved as part of a Prussian administrative reform in 1752, the city became part of the newly created Mohrungen district . During the Seven Years' War (1756–1763) Mühlhausen was occupied by Russia and had to make large contributions . For this, the citizens had to transfer 25 percent of their property values to the city. In 1760, 676 people lived in the city. With another district reform in 1818, a new administrative level was created for Mühlhausen with the district of Preussisch Holland . In 1852 it was connected to the Elbing - Braunsberg railway line . The local flax cultivation benefited from this, the yields of which soon increased tenfold. In 1871 the town hall was completely destroyed by fire.
Towards the end of the 19th century, the town was dominated by the timber industry, and there was also a tannery, pottery and beer brewery. Mühlhausen had developed into the economic center of the district, the population had risen to 2,439 in 1885. In 1900 the construction of a telephone network began and in 1901 a power station was completed. At the beginning of the 20th century, Mühlhausen had a Protestant church, a Catholic church and a district court.
In 1945 Mühlhausen belonged to the district of Prussian Holland in the administrative district of Königsberg in the province of East Prussia of the German Empire .
loss
Towards the end of the Second World War , the city was captured by the Red Army in January 1945 , with great destruction. In the summer of 1945 the city was placed under Polish administration by the Soviet occupying power . The place name was Polonized as Młynary by the Polish administration . Unless the German population had been evacuated or fled, they were later expelled from Mühlhausen by the local Polish administrative authorities . Some of the newly settled Polish residents came from the areas east of the Curzon Line that had fallen to the Soviet Union as part of the westward displacement of Poland .
Population development
| year | Residents | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| 1780 | approx. 1,400 | without the garrison (five companies of infantry ) |
| 1816 | 958 | |
| 1831 | 1,393 | in 193 residential buildings |
| 1858 | 2,027 | 1,733 Protestants, 234 Catholics and 60 Jews |
| 1875 | 2,356 | |
| 1880 | 2,479 | |
| 1890 | 2,227 | |
| 1905 | 2,304 | including 492 Catholics |
| 1933 | 2,784 | |
| 1939 | 3,006 |
church
The parish church from the 14th century has been rebuilt several times and has valuable baroque furnishings from the 18th century. a. an altar by Isaac Riga . After the population became Lutheran during the Reformation , this church was a Protestant place of worship. After 1945, due to the expulsion of the majority Protestant Germans , it was expropriated in favor of the Catholic Church , which rededicated it and named it after the Apostle Peter ( Kościół Św. Piotra Apostoła ).
Parish
Mühlhausen is an old church town. Even before the Reformation, the city was the parish seat. Schönberg (now in Polish: Zastawno) was a branch church until 1598, and Herrndorf (Młynarska Wola) between 1594 and 1604 .
Until 1945, the city, which is dominated by a majority Protestant population, belonged to the parish Prussian Holland (Pasłęk) in the church province of East Prussia of the Church of the Old Prussian Union .
After 1945 the now Catholic parish came to the dean's office Pasłęk I in the diocese of Elbing of the Catholic Church in Poland . Protestant church members living here belong to the parish in the city of Elbląg ( Elbing ) in the diocese of Pomerania-Greater Poland of the Evangelical-Augsburg Church in Poland .
Pastor 1540–1945
The parish of Mühlhausen was looked after by two clergymen ("pastor" and "deacon", then also "assistant preacher") until 1926:
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Attractions
The St. Peter parish church and the remains of the city fortifications in the west of the city are worth seeing.
education
In the city there are two primary schools with a total of about 500 students and one high school with about 220 students.
local community
The town itself and 18 villages with school administration offices belong to the town-and-country community (gmina miejsko-wiejska) Młynary with an area of 157.1 km².
traffic
The road connections to the immediate neighboring cities of Elbląg ( Elbing ) as well as Orneta ( Wormditt ) and Pasłęk ( Prussian Holland ) as well as Frombork ( Frauenburg ) run via the voivodeship roads DW505 and DW509 , which intersect in the city. Today's S22 Elbląg– Kaliningrad ( Königsberg ) road, which was originally planned as the Reichsautobahn Berlin – Königsberg , passes ten kilometers north .
Młynary station is located on the Malbork – Braniewo railway line, which is now only used for freight traffic, and is part of the former Prussian Eastern Railway .
Sons of the city
- Max Hahn (1899–1960), racing cyclist and bicycle designer
- Maciej Płażyński (1958–2010), Polish politician, died in a plane crash near Smolensk.
literature
- August Eduard Preuss : Prussian country and folklore or description of Prussia. A manual for primary school teachers in the province of Prussia, as well as for all friends of the fatherland . Bornträger Brothers, Königsberg 1835, pp. 463–464, no. 79.
- Georg Hermanowski , Heinz Georg Podehl: East Prussia Lexicon. Geography, history, culture. License issue. Bechtermünz, Augsburg 1996, ISBN 3-86047-186-4 .
- Erich Weise (Hrsg.): Handbook of historical places . Volume: East and West Prussia (= Kröner's pocket edition . Volume 317). Unchanged reprint of the 1st edition 1966. Kröner, Stuttgart 1981, ISBN 3-520-31701-X .
- Friedwald Moeller, Old Prussian Evangelical Pastors' Book from the Reformation to the Expulsion in 1945 , Hamburg, 1968.
Web links
- Website about the city (also in German)
- www.ostpreussen.net
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Meyer's Large Conversation Lexicon . 6th edition, Volume 14, Leipzig and Vienna 1908, p. 219.
- ^ Johann Friedrich Goldbeck : Complete topography of the Kingdom of Prussia . Part I: Topography of East Prussia . Marienwerder 1785, p. 23.
- ↑ Alexander August Mützell and Leopold Krug : New topographical-statistical-geographical dictionary of the Prussian state . Volume 3: Kr – O , Halle 1822, p. 238, item 3231.
- ↑ WEA v. Schiegen : The newest painting of the Prussian monarchy . Vienna 1834, p. 265.
- ↑ Adolf Schlott: Topographical-statistical overview of the government district of Königsberg, based on official sources . Hartung, Königsberg 1861, p. 119, item 126.
- ↑ a b c d e Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. prholland.html # ew33prhlmuehlh. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
- ↑ a b Milau (1820–1900) and v. Freyhold (1836–1899) were members of the Corps Masovia .
- ^ Association for Family Research in East and West Prussia (QMS): The "intermediate manuscript " for the Old Prussian Evangelical Pastor 's Book, Vol. 2: Daase-Gyzicki. Hamburg 2013, p. 517.