Marienkirche (Grundhof)
The Grundhofer St. Marien Church is a late Romanesque stone church from the middle of the 12th century. The up to 1.2 m thick masonry was originally built from split field stones . In the middle of the 15th century, the late Gothic porch and tower were added from brick . In the course of time, bricks were also inserted into the old field stone walls in many places during renovations. The Grundhofer church is the largest of the old village churches in fishing with 500 seats . It has a wooden ceiling and a narrow choir . You enter the church through the vestibule in the south. The portal in the west is usually not used.
History of the church building
Build before 1200
Urn fields have been found not far from the Grundhof church , so that it is assumed that the church was built on a pre-Christian cult site.
The east -facing church was initially built without a tower . As is customary in fishing, there was a portal on both its north and south sides. It is unusual that the two doors are not facing each other. Due to this fact and the proportions of the church space, it is assumed that the church was extended to the west during the construction phase.
There were three small arched windows in the north wall and six in the south wall.
The church was first mentioned in a document in 1209, when Bishop Nikolaus von Schleswig issued an order that the churches in Broager , Munkbrarup and Grundhof should deliver tithes to the Rudekloster in Glücksburg . The Grundhofer Church had to pay the highest sum at that time. One may see this as an indication of the importance or size of the parish at that time.
Extensions around 1450
The side vestibule and the cemetery wall were built around 1450. The church received a brick tower that replaced the previously used bell stack . The newly built church tower was the highest in fishing at 63 meters. The late Gothic carved altar, of which only the figure of Mary has survived, also dates from this period. According to tradition, the expansion was carried out by a knight from the neighboring Lundsgaard estate, who wanted to atone for a murder.
The first fire and modifications to the tower
In 1614 lightning struck the wooden steeple. Carpenter Hans Lassen from Bönstrup cut the burning tower, saving the church and rebuilt the tower until 1616, but only 55 m high.
In 1699 the church was enlarged. A west portal, a so-called "return portal", was built in. Square door frames from around 1200 were used for the frame. The outer door frame is flanked by two columns with "grimaces" that were deliberately carved in granite in the old Romanesque architectural style. Parts of the building and the tower were covered with granite blocks to protect the brickwork that had been damaged over the centuries. The wrought iron coat of arms of the Danish King Friedrich IV comes from this period . above the west portal.
The second fire and the reconstruction of the church
On February 16, 1756, lightning struck the church tower again, it went up in flames and the entire church burned down. The Madonna, the pulpit, the brass chandelier, the baptismal font and a few pipes from the organ prospect were saved. With the help of a collection approved by King Friedrich V of around 10,300 marks, the church was rebuilt between 1757 and 1762 under the direction of Tobias Wendler from Unewatthof . This shaped the current external appearance of the church. The nave and choir walls were raised by about 1 m. Large arched windows were broken into the north and south walls, and the east wall of the tower was moved 3 m to the west. As a result, the church space was considerably expanded overall. The tower now reached a height of 32 m.
The redesign of the interior from 1862 and 1962
In 1862 the church interior was redesigned in shades of brown and the walls were painted with ornaments. The previous three-block seating was replaced by two new side blocks. A semicircular sacrament bench was placed in front of the altar. In 1962 and 1963, the hundred-year-old wall ornaments were whitewashed white again and the chairs were painted in the original gray tones. Furthermore, the gallery on the north side was reduced by 1 m overall width, and the pulpit, which was fastened close to the side entrance, was moved further towards the altar. The rows of pews to the right and left of the altar were removed and a sacristy was built under the organ gallery . A small morgue found its place in the tower hall.
Furnishing
Baptismal font
The medieval baptismal font , carved from reddish-brown granite , is the only Romanesque piece that has survived after the fire of 1756. He is attributed to the stonemason Horder , who worked around the year 1180 and created a famous stonemasonry school on the Danish peninsula Djursland . Originally the baptismal font was located under the chandelier near the side portal, today it is on the left side of the altar.
In the lower area of the granite stone seven grimace-like heads are depicted, above an acanthus tendril with flowers and leaves. The lower and upper ends are formed by endless dew band rings, the distinguishing mark of the stonemason Horder. The Romanesque base of the baptismal font was believed to have fallen victim to the fire of 1756, the current base was probably made after the fire.
Mary figure
Around 1450 the church received a late Gothic high altar with a carved figure of Mary, the "beautiful Madonna". In 1458 this altar was consecrated by Bishop Nikolaus von Schleswig. The 177.5 cm high statue of the Virgin was saved from the fire in 1756. Her right hand and both hands of the baby Jesus that she is holding on her left arm are missing. Their original painting can only be seen in traces.
In 1996, on the occasion of the 800th anniversary celebration, the community of Grundhof was given a true-to-original replica, the manufacture and cost of which was taken over by the Lions Club fishing. It was attached to the south-east wall of the church. The original can be viewed in the Flensburg City Museum .
pulpit
The pulpit, in the shape of a ship's bridge , was donated to the church in 1606 and saved from the great fire. It comes from the workshop of the Flensburg carver Heinrich Ringerink , who is considered to be one of the most important carvers around 1600. The pulpit is an example of good Renaissance carving.
The half-reliefs show scenes from the life of Jesus Christ with Low German captions. The signatures of the Entombment and Resurrection are reversed.
altar
The altar and the organ front were created by the Flensburg sculptor Friedrich Windekiel . It is designed in the Rococo style.
organ
The first organ is mentioned in 1538. From 1741 to 1743, the master organ builder Johann Dietrich Busch from Itzehoe built a new organ for St. Mary's Church. The fire of 1756 left only a few prospect pipes intact. Johann Daniel Busch , the son of Johann Dietrich Busch, who continued his workshop, used the saved pipes for a new organ. Due to its number of registers, it had an outstanding organ for a village church. It was significantly expanded in 1834 by the Apenrad company Marcussen & Reuter and again changed in 1894 by Hansen from Flensburg , and restored in 1956 by the Tolle company from Kiel . 1969 to 1971 the Paschen company from Kiel repaired the instrument and redesigned it. The parish is currently planning a fundamental renovation of the organ and its dismantling based on the historical model.
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- Coupling : II / I, I / P, II / P
Picture panels
The 65 panels on the galleries are by the Itzeho painter Ludwig Müller , who came to Grundhof with the organ builder Johann Daniel Busch. The structure and shape of the gallery pictures are reminiscent of the medieval poor bibles . The sequence of images begins on the west gallery in the back of the church. The first picture shows the presentation of the tablets of the law to Moses . This is followed by the representation of the Ten Commandments , exemplified by events in the Old Testament . On the north side of the gallery further scenes from the Old and New Testament are depicted, on the eight picture panels, to the right and left of the altar, illustrate the Beatitudes . The churchgoers have the ten commandments behind them and the Beatitudes in mind.
The Christ in the "woman's door"
Since the beginning of 2004, a figure of Christ several hundred years old has been hanging in the walled-up doorway of the former “woman's door” on the north wall of the church. The crucifix belonged to a family that moved from the Palatinate to the Volga in 1783. As a bond and reminder of their German homeland, this Protestant family took “their” Christ with them when they were abroad. As Germans from Russia , their descendants were resettled several times, including to Siberia , Kazakhstan and Ukraine . In the persecution , the crucifix accompanied her as an expression of her faith. The lost arms were replaced by new, roughly carved ones.
additional
Paintings by Martin Luther and the former Grundhofer pastors Ordoff, Jordt and Jacobsen hang on the north gallery. A native of Lutzhöft Jacobsen was dean of the deanery Flensburg and performed his office as provost of Grundhof from. The Propst-Jacobsen-Haus in Langballig was named after him.
A triptych by the Glücksburg artist Asta Vorsteher has been hanging in the back of the church since 1999 . The three-part picture is titled: "To be - to become - to pass away" and its theme is the life and death of man under God's light. The brass chandelier was donated by the Petersen family from Bönstrup in 1742 and was saved in the fire, as was the altar chandelier from the 17th century. The chandelier in the tower hall is a foundation from 1933. The fine ironwork on the gallery pillars and the suspension of the chandelier are remarkable .
The memorial plaque for the fallen of the German-Danish and German-French wars hangs in the tower hall . In the cemetery there is a memorial for the fallen of the two world wars, which also notes the names of the Russian forced laborers who perished here during the Second World War .
Cemetery wall
The mighty cemetery wall, which surrounds the cemetery on three sides, dates from around 1450 . The former fourth side was demolished in 1888 for a cemetery extension. Because of its size and weight, it is assumed that the complex was built as a defensive wall . However, in contrast to the fortified cemeteries known from southern Germany, there are no other fortifications. With an average height of 2.00 m, a thickness of 1.20 m and a total length of 240 m, it is still considered the largest churchyard wall in Schleswig-Holstein . Like the church itself, it consists of field stones covered with roof tiles . In 2008 and 2009 the parish extensively restored the entire wall. In the masonry, several dates indicate earlier repair work. The number 1514 given in the descriptions by Nerong and R. Haupt can no longer be found. But the numbers are: 1618, 1692, 1699, 1745, 1753, 1888, 1894, 1897, 1899, 1914, 1957 and 2009. The entire wall is adorned with a linden wreath, which was mentioned in 1687.
Crypts
In late autumn 2005 the ventilation window of an old crypt was discovered in the church wall . An approximately 20 m² room with a barrel vault was found . According to Ocke Christian Nerong , the four large farms Lundsgaard , Gut Freienwillen , Unewatthof and Seeklüft had grave vaults or hereditary burials in the church. The graves of Unewatthof and Seeklüft were already considered buried in 1888. Access to the burial vaults of Lundsgaard (west of the chandelier) and Freienwillen (west of the altar) was through the church floor.
Bells
Little information is available about the bells that existed before 1922. It is known that two existing bells were destroyed in the church fire in 1756. From the remains of the bell founders Beseler u. K Riesche melted a new bell in Rendsburg, but it cracked in 1798 and had to be re-cast. A second smaller bell was bought in Seeth near Tondern. In 1917 the big bell was confiscated for war purposes. The little bell jumped in 1921, so that the church no longer had any chimes.
As a result, three chilled cast iron bells in the tones e 1 , g 1 and b 1 from Ulrich / Weule from Apolda / Bockenem are purchased. The purchase price was 46,968.00 marks.
- Bell 1: e 1 , diameter 1.58 m, weight 1510 kg, inscription: “The power of faith”.
- Bell 2: g 1 , diameter 1.28 m, weight 828 kg, inscription: "Der Liebe Leid".
- Bell 3: b 1 , diameter 1.10 m, weight 530 kg, inscription: “The sinews of hope”.
In contrast to the cast steel bells of the Bochumer Verein , these bells only have an average lifespan of 70 years. In September 2007, significant corrosion and holes were found inside the two smaller bells. For security reasons, these were shut down and later placed in front of the church.
In May 2008, the church council decided to purchase a new bell with the Gloria motif at the Rudolf Perner bell foundry in Passau. The bell casting took place on March 20, 2009. The names of the old bells were adopted and the year 2009 and the church seal were added. The donors are noted on the back of the bells.
- Bell 1: e 1 , diameter 121 cm, 1100 kg, "The power of faith"
- Bell 2: f sharp 1 , diameter 107 cm, 790 kg, “The sinews of hope”.
- Bell 3: a 1 , diameter 920 cm, 530 kg. "The sorrow of love".
A contentious pastor
In 1743 a sermon was held in the Marienkirche in Grundhofer, which was widely echoed. Pastor Johann Christoph Ordorff climbed the pulpit with a skull and warned the congregation with insistent words set in verse to say goodbye to the addiction to cleaning and rank:
- Grundhof, look, look here
- one from the realm of the dead.
- One of the messengers of God
- call me to you.
- Your obsession with rank, definitely
- always remains indomitable,
- wake up, bring, yes, she drives
- me out of my peace.
- Grundhof, Grundhof, repent!
- calls to you a skull.
- You, you are full of rank addiction,
- full of hatred, wrangling and resentment,
- Grundhof, don't be great any longer!
This so-called skull sermon, which comprised a total of 32 verses, made Ordorff known as a militant pastor far beyond Grundhof.
literature
- Jörg Peter Balcke, Rudolf Schlüter (Eds.): St. Marien zu Grundhof 1196 - 1996. St. Marien Grundhof parish, 1996.
- Claus Rauterberg, Friedhelm Kummetz: Churches in fishing and their art treasures. Friedrich Wittig, Kiel 2001, ISBN 3-8048-4468-5 .
- OC Nerong, continued by Karl-Heinz Carstensen: The Grundhofer Church. Evangelical Lutheran parish Grundhof, 1888 and 1996.
- to Ordorff: Flensburger Nachrichten of August 15, 2007 according to Johannes Diederichsen: The Grundhof parish in the 18th century. Ed. Working group parish chronicle Grundhof.
See also
Web links
Individual evidence
Coordinates: 54 ° 46 ′ 25.4 " N , 9 ° 39 ′ 14.2" E