Markus Church (Butzbach)

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Long side from the southeast
Westwork with tower from the northwest

The Markuskirche in Butzbach in the Wetteraukreis in Hesse was built as a basilica in the early 13th century and redesigned from around 1430 to 1520 in its current form as a three- nave Gothic hall church . The Hessian cultural monument now serves as the parish church of the evangelical Markus parish. The inventory items include a Romanesque baptismal font from the first half of the 13th century and the landgrave's crypt from 1620–1622. The organ prospectus by Georg Wagner from 1614 is the second oldest preserved in Hesse.

history

Around 300 to 500 AD, the area around today's St. Mark's Church was populated by Gallo- Romans. The late antique Germanic settlement was not secured by a ditch, but by a number of pits that gave enemies only a narrow passage. Archaeological evidence of three previous stone buildings has been found, but these can hardly be dated. The oldest verifiable masonry on the southwest corner of today's church was demolished around 680 AD. It is not certain whether the building was a church from 680 AD. The two lowest buildings had a slightly different east-west orientation than the third building. Archaeological excavations in the 1960s have shown that the middle building ended with a semicircular apse . When the 34-meter-long west wall (at the height of today's organ parapet) formed the end, the Romanesque predecessor building had impressive dimensions. In the south-east, a large residential building, the Butzbacher Residenz (Kirchplatz 12) from around 1220, was directly adjacent to this church. Because a residence square was required, the new church was moved at least 5 meters to the north. Presumably in the course of this transfer, the Butzbach church received the new patronage of St. Mark . The previous building of today's church was built around 1230/1240 as a pillar basilica in the Romanesque- Gothic transition style with narrow side aisles, semicircular apses and a flat ceiling. Since the tithe right and the right of patronage came to the Petersberg Monastery only in 1354 , the Archbishop of Mainz Siegfried II of Eppstein or Siegfried III. von Eppstein probably the client.

The first pastor is recorded for the year 1303; Gottfried was archpriest of the Wetterau archdeaconate in Södel : "Gotfridus, plebanus in Butspach, archipresbiter sedis in Sodele". After Butzbach had received town charter in 1321, the church was continuously rebuilt and expanded into a Gothic town church. In the 1330s, the central nave received a new roof and around 1341 a two-bay Gothic choir with a five-eighth end .

On December 17, 1344, an archbishop and ten cardinals in Avignon issued a certificate of indulgence for Butzbach, which granted all visitors to the new altar, which had been erected in honor of John the Evangelist and Our Lady, an indulgence of 40 days. The unusually high number of altar donations in the 14th century shows the importance of Butzbach and the parish church. The legal association of the choir brotherhood that emerged in the middle of the 14th century formed the Butzbacher "half pen". An altar in honor of St. Anne was donated in 1344, an altar of John the Baptist was first mentioned in 1351, the Holy Cross Altar was donated in 1390, the St. Bartholomew Altar in 1399, the St. Valentinus Altar in 1400 and 1421 the St.-Peter-and-Paul-Altar mentioned in writing.

In 1371/1372, the bourgeois community stored important documents in a sacristy building in front of the south aisle. The Kugelhaus also kept its most important documents here in chests. Since two bells were cast in the 1370s, it is believed that the original tall Gothic tower spire dates back to this time. A coin from the middle of the 14th century discovered in the tower foundation supports this date. The originally low and narrow aisles were replaced by larger ones around 1395, which almost reached the height of the central nave. The Michaeliskapelle in the cemetery was donated by Berta Grundewald in 1433.

On November 1, 1468, the church was transferred to the Brothers of Common Life ("Kugelherren") by Paul II and raised to the status of a collegiate church. Before the foundation of the monastery, a pastor, a pleban, three early messengers, nine altarists and the schoolmaster, a total of 15 clergymen, formed the choir clergy of St. Markus. Ecclesiastically, Butzbach belonged to the Archdeaconate of St. Maria ad Gradus in the Archdiocese of Mainz in the sending district of the Deanery Friedberg in the late Middle Ages .

View from the northwest: south choir around 1474 (left), middle choir around 1341, north choir 1511

The south choir was built and vaulted around 1474, and the north choir was consecrated on April 30, 1511 by Paul Hutten (born in Grüningen). At the end of the 15th century, a late Gothic sacristy with cross vaults was placed in front of the south choir instead of a previous building, which was covered by a gable roof with an eight-sided ridge . In the 1500s, the south aisle was extended by a transept-like rectangular building with four transverse gables and net vaults on the upper floor, giving it a representative façade. Since 1520, the church has essentially presented itself in its present form.

The Reformation had prevailed in Butzbach in 1536. A wall in the south choir enabled both denominations to be used as a simultaneous church for a while . In the wake of the Reformation, the monastery was dissolved in 1550; the last of the brothers died in 1555. The high, pointed spire from the Gothic period fell victim to a storm on March 17, 1606 and was replaced in the Baroque style: “In 1606, on the 17th of March, the church tower fell there . But have the same aries beautifully bawled on a different pattern then before. ”Under Landgrave Philip III. von Hessen-Butzbach there were significant changes inside the church. So in the 1610s he donated a new pulpit and a new organ . In addition, galleries and stands were built in 1617 for the landgrave and other people. 1620–1622 had Philip III. create the crypt with a stucco ceiling as a princely crypt . A fir-wood corridor covered with shingles led from the castle to the city wall through the former dairy and the first parsonage into the Markuskirche.

In 1798 the sacristy was torn down due to its disrepair. Two church pillars that had supported the sacristy vault had to be repaired. The passage in the outer wall of the south choir was walled up. The use of the stones for the inspectorate's apartment led to a dispute between the city council and the Kugelhausfond. A church renovation from 1837 to 1840 included the relocation of the pulpit and prince's estate as well as a new interior painting. The late Gothic altar of Mary was given to the Catholic community in 1880. Fundamental renovations of the church were carried out from 1902 to 1904 by the architect and monument conservator Ludwig Hofmann from Herborn. In this context, the northern perimeter, by virtue of the vaults were schubs were pushed outward, backed up and supported by four new buttresses. The side aisle was fitted with gable walls to match the south side . Several galleries were removed, vestibules and heating installed, the crypt restored and the plaster removed from the pillars. By relocating the organ gallery from the central choir to the west side and opening the partly walled up choir windows, the central choir was exposed again.

Middle choir window with stained glass by Geiges (1903)

In 1903/1904 the tracery was also reconstructed and most of the windows were donated with stained glass . In 1903, Fritz Geiges painted the three central choir windows depicting the birth, crucifixion and resurrection of Christ. Steiger and Weidlich from Cologne designed the windows above the south portal (Jesus' anointing in Bethany) and opposite on the north side (Paul on the Areopagus ). To the west of the south portal you can see Elisabeth of Thuringia (1903). Two north choir windows by Bernhard Kraus from 1904 show Jesus as the good shepherd and at the wedding in Cana . The coat of arms window above the Landgrave's crypt and the Stephanus window in the south wall date from the same year . Donations for three more windows were made in the 1950s and 1960s. Gustav van Treeck designed a north aisle window in 1956 (Christ, Lukas and Jakobus), Heinz Hindorf the window east of the south portal from 1964, which unfolds the parable of the Last Judgment in its salvation-historical development in 28 scenes , as well as the opposite window in the north side from 1968, the shows scenes from the life of Jesus in 14 medallions . In the third north side window, as a duplicate of the oldest window from around 1500, there is a round glass painting with an angel holding two coats of arms. Another renovation followed in 1965/1967. The portal of the sacristy at the south choir was converted into the south porch at this time. The church roof has been restored since 2000.

architecture

Ground plan of the Markuskirche
View through the nave to the choir
Baroque spire from 1606

The Markuskirche was built in the northeast of the old fortified city area. It is 38.30 meters long and 23.30 meters wide. The three ships are each about 7 meters wide; the southern and middle vaults reach a height of 9.5 meters, the northern 8.60 meters. The building combines various structures and architectural styles from the 14th to 16th centuries into a single whole. It has appeared as a late Gothic, three-aisled hall church since 1520. The unplastered outer walls have quarry stone masonry with corner blocks. Inside, all pillars and structural elements such as arches, services , vault ribs and cloaks have a uniform red square painting that contrasts with the white plastered walls. The pillars and belt arches are mainly made of Londorfer basalt lava (lung stone), the walls were partially replaced by red sandstone in later times.

No rising walls from the Romanesque period have survived. The oldest parts of the early 13th century include the square pillars of the central nave with rounded corners, which were redesigned in the 14th century. Pointed arcades with square painting open the aisles to the central nave, which is almost the same width. The transom profiles have a Romanesque round bar, throat and plate. A cross vault was drawn in on the secondary services. The grooved ribs end in keystones , which in the three naves are covered with rose and leaf ornaments or shocking masks and in the north aisle shows a sun face with tongue out. Above the vault, under the roof, the old pointed arched windows in the upper cladding can be seen. The corbels for the original flat ceiling of the south aisle still protrude above the arcades of the central nave. At the same time as the central nave, the central choir was built with a five-eighth end and ribbed vault on consoles and services. The central nave and central choir received their roofs between 1330 and 1341 after dendrochronological studies and other indications. Two broad pillars with a pointed arch separate the nave from the main choir. The ogival main portal on the west side has a profiled wall made of lung stone painted red, into which a holy water font is incorporated on the right side. The iron-studded door was created in 1904. Above this is a small two-lane pointed arched window with quatrefoil. A building joint that slopes down to the south points to the originally low side aisle. In the west wall of the south choir, a small, narrow arched window is let in over a small walled-up pointed arch window. Five corbels protruding from the wall point to the landgrave's connecting passage to the castle.

The side aisles almost reach the height of the central nave and form an almost square hall with it. As in the central nave, the vaults rest on services that merge into grooved ribs above the warriors and end in keystones. The southern, transept-like porch has a sloping base and four steep pointed gables corresponding to its four yokes. In the east there is a late Gothic, chapel-like porch with a reticulated vault made of double-grooved ribs, which looks like a transept. The ogival tracery windows on the entire south side are all four-lane with different designs of the arches, but are of different heights. Small arched windows are embedded in the gable triangles. In the west side of the south aisle there are two small ogival windows one above the other, the lower one of which is walled up. The smaller, ogival portal in the southern porch has bracing. A former keystone of the vault, which shows a lamb as a symbol for Christ, is set into the south wall of the south choir at a height of about three meters. Below right is the gravestone of the Princely Councilor Burgk († 1655) with a Latin text and two coats of arms. The south portal to the left of the porch is designed like the west portal. Gothic lancet windows with rose tracery on the left illuminate the north aisle. The gables of the north aisle were created in 1904 to align with the south aisle. Both side aisles have stepped buttresses .

The three choirs with semicircular apses are connected to one another like a hall. The cross vaults of the two yokes rests on consoles on three octagonal columns each, which have no bases or capitals . The south choir is on duty, while the vault ribs in the north choir come out of the wall. In the north choir the keystones are covered with Allianz coats of arms of the Eppstein-Falkenstein families and in the south choir with instruments of torture and a cross with a crown of thorns. The east yoke of the central choir shows a head of Christ in the keystone. A round arch opens the north choir and a pointed arch opens the south choir to the side aisles. The three tracery windows in the main choir are in two parts and are designed with quatrefoils in the arched field. The south choir has three three-part tracery windows, which are walled up because of the grave monument of the landgrave. The north choir has two three-part tracery windows with fish bubbles and in the south a two-part with quatrefoil in the style of the central choir. The south choir is occupied by five small dormers and is crowned by a high six-sided roof turret that is completely slated. Above the shaft, which has four rectangular sound holes on the south side, triangular gables lead over to the pointed roof, on which a tower knob with a cross is placed. The central choir has a small, slated, six-sided roof turret. All three choirs are supported by stepped buttresses with gargoyles that are shaped like crabs or animals.

The now 47 meter high west tower is integrated into the north aisle. The eight-sided brick shaft with corner blocks made of Lungstein dates from the 14th century, the baroque , baroque helmet from 1606. The baroque , wooden tower spire is divided into three storeys by cornices, which taper towards the top. The first floor has ogival sound holes on four sides and serves as a bell room that houses a four-bell ring. The oldest surviving bells were cast on July 4, 1372 and November 9, 1379. The middle floor is dominated by the four dials of the tower clock, which are decorated by a triangular gable with small tips. The upper floor has four arched sound holes and is covered by a Welschen hood, which is crowned by a tower knob and a weather vane.

Furnishing

Pulpit from 1617
Philipp III grave monument from Hessen-Butzbach

A Romanesque baptismal font has been preserved from the previous Romanesque building, which was last seen in the old town hall and has been in St. Mark's Church again since March 1, 2017. It rests on four feet made of stylized animals, whose ears are designed as disc crosses. Three were reconstructed from an original foot piece that was excavated under the church floor in 1965. The basin is decorated at the top by a simple dew band with a round arch frieze and at the bottom by a double dew band . The wall shows a Greek cross , disc crosses and stylized leaves that are lined up on styles. The eight-sided Gothic baptismal font with a pointed arch frieze made of Lungstein dates from the 14th century. It was probably originally created for the Wendelinskapelle . A third, oval baptismal font made of black Lahn marble from 1620 stands today in the north aisle.

The bricked-up block altar in the middle choir arch stands on a stone pedestal and is covered by a canteen plate over a slope. It has five consecration crosses , presumably dates from the Romanesque period and was discovered under the floor during the renovation in 1965. The wooden crucifix of the three-nail type on the altar dates from the late 15th century. In 1924 it was moved from the Wendelinskapelle. The pulpit from 1617 with fittings in the style of the early Baroque on the north central choir pillar is, like the organ from 1614, a foundation of Landgrave Philip III. It rests on an octagonal wooden column. Partly gilded volutes support the polygonal pulpit, whose pulpit fields between columns bear the coat of arms of Philip III. and wear his first wife. The letters VTDMD ("vias tuas doce me domine" = Lord, teach me your ways) can be read above the coat of arms of the Landgrave in the second field, under the coat of arms PLZH (Philipp Landgraf zu Hessen). To the right of it in the coat of arms of the Landgravine BWMH (Beware me, Lord), under the coat of arms AMLZHGGZDVB (Anna Margareta Landgravine of Hesse, born Countess of Diepholz and Bronckhorst). The pulpit is marked with the year "ANNO 1617" in two small fields under the coat of arms.

In the three naves, the simple, wood- faced church stalls stand in blocks and are aligned with the pulpit and altar. The wooden western gallery extends into the nave inside and is of an octagonal column with Bügen supported. The white broader parapet has coffered fillings. The organ's back positive is embedded in the center. The substructure of the gallery and the column are painted in marble. The first and last yoke of the south aisle are separated as separate rooms in the lower area and serve as a gallery in the upper area. The red sandstone parapets have nuns' heads and four-passports. In the eastern parapet of the gallery in the southwest corner, a small trapezoidal singers' pulpit protrudes.

Crypts

View into the crypt of the Landgraves of Hessen-Butzbach

The crypt of Landgrave Philip III. von Hessen-Butzbach on a square floor plan in the south choir is richly decorated with stucco, which was designed by Christian Steffan from Frankfurt am Main and shows biblical motifs, which are combined with sentences from the Apostles' Creed and a biblical motto. The east wall shows the Crucified, under whom the Landgrave kneels in adoration with his two wives, and their three coats of arms. The south wall illustrates the forgiveness of sins, the north wall the resurrection of the dead, the western ceiling panel the ascension of Elijah , the northern panel the transfiguration of the Lord , the eastern panel of Christ and the southern panel panel the new Jerusalem . At the apex of the cross vault, the tetragram with the Hebrew name of God YHWH is surrounded by the closing words of the apostolic “and an everlasting life” and a wreath of flames with angels, which symbolizes the bliss in the resurrection. The crypt houses the four sarcophagi of Philip, his two wives Anna Margareta († 1629) and Christina Sophia von Ostfriesland (1609–1658) and his great-great-nephew Prince Heinrich von Hessen-Darmstadt . It is accessed from the west by a stone staircase and is supplied with light from the east by two shafts. The crypt is looked after and maintained by the administration of the Palaces and Gardens of Hesse . In the south choir, a representative grave monument marks the grave site. A canopy-like, wooden superstructure with a lantern rests on four free columns with Corinthian capitals above a stone coffin . The paintings on the vaulted caps of the canopy take up the motifs of the stucco work from the Old and New Testament. On an oil painting that serves as a back wall, Philip is shown with his wives in front of the crucified. The stone surround of the picture with rich figurative decoration was created by Philipp Franck from Gießen.

A sandstone crypt in the north choir was looted early and is no longer accessible today. The last to be buried there was Hermann Adolf Graf zu Solms-Hohensolms-Lich († 1613). Two epitaphs from the 15th century made of red sandstone are placed on the two main pillars to the left and right of the altar. They show Philipp VII von Falkenstein († 1410) and Werner von Eppstein († 1462). Further epitaphs from the 16th to 18th centuries Century, including that of Johann Christian Hertius († 1774), are built into the walls.

Organs

The Markuskirche has two functional organs from stylistically different epochs.

Metzler organ

Metzler organ behind the prospectus from 1614

The organ in the west gallery goes back to Georg Wagner , who in 1614 created a two-manual work without an independent pedal. For the new building, parts of an older predecessor organ from the 16th century were integrated. The instrument originally stood on a small gallery in the central nave of the choir, which was moved to the west in 1904. The organ prospect of the Butzbach master carpenter Hildebrand Harke with Wagner's prospect pipes has been preserved. The veil boards from 1614 are still influenced by the late Renaissance , while the tendrils on the side date from the early 18th century. This prospectus is the second oldest preserved in Hesse after the Kiedricher organ . In the main work prospectus, in the two-storey flat fields, as in the Brabant organ building, there is a mirror principle with double pipes, while the Rückpositiv is based on a two-foot principle.

The new, purely mechanical instrument from the organ building company Metzler Orgelbau (Dietikon, Switzerland) in a Wagner case has 22 sounding registers on two manuals and a pedal .

I Rückpositiv CD – f 3
1. Dumped 8th'
2. Reed flute 4 ′
3. Principal 2 ′
4th Covered flute 2 ′
5. Sesquialter II 0 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′
6th Larigot 1 1 ⁄ 3  ′
7th Zimbel II
8th. Vox humana 8th'
Tremulant
II main work CD – f 3
9. Principal 8th'
10. Hollow flute 8th'
11. Octave 4 ′
12. Pointed flute 4 ′
13. Super octave 2 ′
14th Mixture IV 1 1 ⁄ 3  ′
15th Cornet V (from c 1 ) 0 8th'
16. Trumpet 8th'
Pedals C – f 1
17th Sub bass 16 ′
18th Octavbass 08th'
19th Octave 04 ′
20th Mixture IV 0 02 ′
21st trombone 16 ′
22nd Trumpet 08th'

Förster & Nicolaus organ

Förster & Nicolaus organ from 1904

The case of the old organ, which is now a listed building, was moved to the west gallery in 1904. Behind and to the side of it, the pipes of a new organ by Förster & Nicolaus were set up as Opus 105 without a framing case. When today's organ was built on the gallery in 1990, Förster & Nicolaus managed to preserve the organ by finding a new location on the east side of the north aisle. The silent prospect pipes were taken from the organ in Nieder-Weisel. This work with pneumatic cone chests is used today to depict romantic organ literature. The disposition is as follows:

I Manual C – f 3
1. Drone 16 ′
2. Principal 08th'
3. Gamba 08th'
4th Concert flute 08th'
5. Gemshorn 08th'
6th Dolce 08th'
7th octave 04 ′
8th. Reed flute 04 ′
9. octave 02 ′
10. Intoxicating fifth II 0 02 2 ⁄ 3  ′
11. Mixture Cornett III – IV 0 02 2 ⁄ 3  ′
12. Trumpet 08th'
II Manual C – f 3
13. Violin principal 8th'
14th Lovely Gedackt 0 8th'
15th Salicional 8th'
16. Aeoline 8th'
17th Voix Celeste 8th'
18th Fugara 4 ′
19th Flauto Dolce 4 ′
20th oboe 8th'
Pedal C – d 1
21st Violon bass 16 ′
22nd Sub bass 16 ′
23. Principal bass 08th'
24. violoncello 08th'
25th trombone 16 ′
  • Pairing :
    • Normal coupling: II / I, I / P, II / P
    • Super octave coupling: I / II
    • Sub-octave coupling: I / II
  • Playing aids : 4 fixed combinations (p, mf, f, tutti), cuff

Peal

Two bells that have survived to this day were cast in the 1370s. The largest bell from 1453 weighed 2230 kg. Because of a crack it was cast in 1911, but had to be handed over to the War Ministry in 1917. The “memorial bell” from 1926 cast as a replacement was melted down in 1942 for armament purposes. In 1953 the parish acquired a used bell from the Rincker bell and art foundry from 1848, which came from a Trinity Church in Hamburg that was destroyed in World War II. An Our Father's bell, cast in 1955, completed the quartet, which sounds on the prefatory motif , a completed minor triad. The small bell in the roof turret on the central nave is currently not in use. The bell on the southern roof ridge served as the school bell of the nearby city and Weidig school until the 1950s. In 2005 it was placed on a small stand in the church interior.

No.
 		 Casting year
 		 Foundry
casting location		 Diameter
(mm)		 Mass
(kg)		 Percussive
( HT - 1 / 16 )		 inscription
 
1 1848 Johann Ehlert Bieber, Hamburg 2010 1540 c 1 +11.5 “ Even lifeless I call to active life and warn that man's heart should rise to God in joy and pain.
The casting was obtained through mild contributions.
Anno MDCCCXLVIII Fecit Bieber Hamburg "
2 1372 Johannes of Frankfurt 1330 1340 it 1 +10 " Lucus markus matheus johannes date anno domini MCCCLXXII in fecto beati udalrici (relief with crucifixion group )"
3 1955 Rincker , Sinn 1120 900 f 1 +10 “ The memory of the fallen and missing of both world wars. Evg. Butzbach community.
Nobody has greater love than that that he gives his life for his friends. ( Joh 15,13  LUT ) "
4th 1379 unmarked 1060 800 g 1 +7 " + Anno d (omi) ni M CCC LXXIX nonas octobris perfecta est campana o rex glorie veni cu pace naq: maria vocor botsbach defendere conor "

literature

  • Rudolf Adamy: Art monuments in the Grand Duchy of Hesse. Province of Upper Hesse. Friedberg district. Arnold Bergstraesser, Darmstadt 1895, pp. 22-38 ( online ).
  • Friedrich Karl Azzola , Dieter Wolf : The late medieval cross slab in the Butzbach parish church - the grave slab of the Butzbach mayor Conrad Fauerbach, around 1460/70? In: Wetterau history sheets. 41, 1992, pp. 69-74.
  • Wolfgang Georg Bayerer: The manuscripts of the former Fraterherrenstift St. Markus zu Butzbach. Part I: Manuscripts from the number sequence Hs 42 - Hs 760. Manuscript catalogs of the University Library Gießen, 4, Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden 1980, ISBN 3-447-02024-5 .
  • Franz Bösken , Hermann Fischer : Sources and research on the organ history of the Middle Rhine (=  contributions to the Middle Rhine music history . Volume 29.1 ). tape 3 : Former province of Upper Hesse. Part 1: A-L . Schott, Mainz 1988, ISBN 3-7957-1330-7 .
  • Georg Dehio : Handbook of the German art monuments . Hesse II. Darmstadt administrative district. Edited by Folkhard Cremer and Tobias Michael Wolf. 3rd edition Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich 2008, ISBN 978-3-422-03117-3 , p. 127.
  • Wilhelm Diehl : Construction book for the Protestant parishes of the Landgraviate of Hessen-Darmstadt (= Hassia sacra. Volume 5). Self-published, Darmstadt 1931, pp. 283–287.
  • Peter Fleck, Dieter Wolf (ed.): Catholic life in Butzbach in the Middle Ages and modern times. Catholic parish of St. Gottfried, Butzbach 1994.
  • Bodo Heil: Hessian official gravestones in and on the Butzbacher Markuskirche. In: Butzbacher Geschichtsblätter. Vol. 236. Butzbach 2009, pp. 3-4.
  • Bodo Heil: From the Hamburg bell cemetery to the tower of the Markuskirche. History of the great Butzbacher storm bells and chime bells from 1953 to 1453. In: Butzbacher Geschichtsblätter . Volume 235. Butzbach 2008, pp. 2-3.
  • State Office for the Preservation of Monuments Hesse (ed.), Heinz Wionski (edit.): Cultural monuments in Hesse. Wetteraukreis II. Teilbd. 1. Bad Nauheim to Florstadt. (= Monument topography Federal Republic of Germany ). Theiss, Stuttgart 1999, ISBN 3-528-06227-4 , pp. 333-336.
  • Joachim Ott: The manuscripts of the former Fraterherrenstift St. Markus zu Butzbach in the Giessen University Library, part 2, The manuscripts from the series of numbers, Hs 761 - Hs 1266, NF-signatures, ink-signatures , reports and works from the university library and the university archive Gießen, 52, Justus Liebig University Gießen, 2004, ISBN 3-9808042-1-6 .
  • Gail Schunk: From the history of the Markuskirche. In: Butzbacher Geschichtsblätter . No. 312. Butzbach 2017, pp. 1–4.
  • Gail and Winfried Schunk: Chronicle Butzbach. Timeline for Butzbach and its districts. 2nd Edition. History Association for Butzbach and the Surrounding Area, Butzbach 2007, ISBN 978-3-9809778-3-8 .
  • Gail Schunk-Larrabee: Animal sculpture in the Markuskirche. In: Butzbacher Geschichtsblätter . Volume 77. Butzbach 1992, pp. 2-3.
  • Jörg Wiegand: The Evangelical Markus Church Butzbach. Evangelical Markus-Kirchengemeinde Butzbach, Butzbach 2007, ISBN 978-3-00-021299-4 .

Web links

Commons : Markuskirche  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Schunk: Chronicle of Butzbach. 2008, p. 10.
  2. ^ Fleck, Wolf: Catholic life in Butzbach in the Middle Ages and modern times. 1994, p. 43.
  3. ↑ a b State Office for Monument Preservation Hesse: Cultural monuments in Hesse. Wetteraukreis II. 2010, p. 333.
  4. ↑ Schunk: From the history of the Markuskirche. 2017, pp. 1–4.
  5. ^ Fleck, Wolf: Catholic life in Butzbach in the Middle Ages and modern times. 1994, p. 27.
  6. ^ Fleck, Wolf: Catholic life in Butzbach in the Middle Ages and modern times. 1994, pp. 28-29.
  7. ^ Fleck, Wolf: Catholic life in Butzbach in the Middle Ages and modern times. 1994, p. 39.
  8. ↑ Schunk: Chronicle of Butzbach. 2008, pp. 15, 16, 19.
  9. ^ Fleck, Wolf: Catholic life in Butzbach in the Middle Ages and modern times. 1994, p. 47.
  10. ↑ Wiegand: The Evangelical Markus Church Butzbach. 2007, p. 10.
  11. ↑ Schunk: Chronicle of Butzbach. 2008, p. 19.
  12. ↑ a b c d e f g Website of the Markuskirche: Virtual tour , viewed January 1, 2012.
  13. ^ Fleck, Wolf: Catholic life in Butzbach in the Middle Ages and modern times. 1994, p. 36.
  14. ^ Gerhard Kleinfeldt, Hans Weirich: The medieval church organization in the Upper Hessian-Nassau area (= writings of the Institute for historical regional studies of Hesse and Nassau 16 ). NG Elwert, Marburg 1937, ND 1984, p. 19.
  15. ^ Fleck, Wolf: Catholic life in Butzbach in the Middle Ages and modern times. 1994, p. 45.
  16. ↑ a b c d State Office for Monument Preservation Hesse: Cultural monuments in Hesse. Wetteraukreis II. 2010, p. 334.
  17. ↑ Wiegand: The Evangelical Markus Church Butzbach. 2007, p. 14.
  18. ^ Diehl: Construction book for the Protestant parishes of the Landgraviate of Hessen-Darmstadt. 1931, p. 283.
  19. ↑ a b c d Dehio: Handbook of German art monuments. Hessen II. 2008, p. 127.
  20. ↑ a b Diehl: Construction book for the Protestant parishes of the Landgraviate of Hessen-Darmstadt. 1931, p. 284.
  21. ↑ Wiegand: The Evangelical Markus Church Butzbach. 2007, p. 11.
  22. ^ Diehl: Construction book for the Protestant parishes of the Landgraviate of Hessen-Darmstadt. 1931, p. 285.
  23. ↑ Wiegand: The Evangelical Markus Church Butzbach. 2007, pp. 30-51.
  24. ↑ Wiegand: The Evangelical Markus Church Butzbach. 2007, p. 19.
  25. ↑ Wiegand: The Evangelical Markus Church Butzbach. 2007, p. 9.
  26. ^ Adamy: Art monuments in the Grand Duchy of Hesse. 1895, p. 23 ( online , accessed March 7, 2017).
  27. ^ Homepage of the Markus Congregation: Virtual tour , accessed on March 5, 2017.
  28. ^ A b Adamy: Art monuments in the Grand Duchy of Hesse. 1895, p. 24 ( online , accessed March 7, 2017).
  29. ↑ Wiegand: The Evangelical Markus Church Butzbach. 2007, p. 21.
  30. ↑ a b c Bösken, Fischer: Sources and research on the organ history of the Middle Rhine. Vol. 3. 1988, p. 214.
  31. ^ Adamy: Art monuments in the Grand Duchy of Hesse. 1895, p. 26 ( online , accessed March 7, 2017).
  32. ↑ Wiegand: The Evangelical Markus Church Butzbach. 2007, p. 20.
  33. ^ Adamy: Art monuments in the Grand Duchy of Hesse. 1895, p. 27 ( online , accessed March 7, 2017).
  34. ^ Adamy: Art monuments in the Grand Duchy of Hesse. 1895, p. 28 ( online , accessed March 7, 2017).
  35. ↑ Wiegand: The Evangelical Markus Church Butzbach. 2007, p. 27.
  36. ↑ Wiegand: The Evangelical Markus Church Butzbach. 2007, p. 26.
  37. ↑ Wiegand: The Evangelical Markus Church Butzbach. 2007, p. 25.
  38. ↑ Wiegand: The Evangelical Markus Church Butzbach. 2007, pp. 56-64.
  39. ↑ https://www.schloesser-hessen.de/butzbach
  40. ↑ Wiegand: The Evangelical Markus Church Butzbach. 2007, p. 53.
  41. ^ State Office for the Preservation of Monuments in Hesse: Cultural monuments in Hesse. Wetteraukreis II. 2010, p. 335.
  42. ↑ Ev. Markuskirche D-Butzbach, Op 564. Metzler Orgelbau AG, accessed on January 1, 2012 .
  43. ^ Förster & Nicolaus organ in Butzbach , accessed on July 29, 2016.
  44. ↑ Jörg Wiegand: The bells of the Markuskirche zu Butzbach , accessed on March 9, 2017 (PDF file).

Coordinates: 50 ° 26 ′ 6 "  N , 8 ° 40 ′ 24.6"  E