Max Müller (philosopher)

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Max Müller (born September 6, 1906 in Offenburg , Baden , † October 18, 1994 in Freiburg im Breisgau ) was a German philosopher . Max Müller was a professor at the Albert Ludwig University of Freiburg and the Ludwig Maximilians University in Munich .

Max Muller. Signature 1976

Life

Max Müller was born the son of a lawyer and graduated from the Friedrich-Gymnasium Freiburg . During his studies in Berlin he was in contact with Romano Guardini and took part in the meetings of the Quickborn working group at Rothenfels Castle . During his studies in Munich in 1927 he moved to the Bund New Germany (ND). During a study visit to Paris in 1927/28 he had contact with Neuthomists and Renouveauists and entered the St. Michaels Institute. He completed his studies in philosophy (among others with Joseph Geyser and Martin Honecker ) with a doctorate in 1930 with Honecker and Martin Heidegger ( On the basic concepts of philosophical value theory. Logical studies on value consciousness and value objectivity ).

After completing his doctorate, Müller took on influential positions in the ND: keynote address at the last major conference of the ND-Älterenbunde in 1931 in Limburg, editor of its journal Werkblätter from 1931 to 1934 (and 1932 to 1935.), which ultimately led to the premature end of his academic career In 1938 the Reich Ministry of Education refused to accept a lectureship due to an intervention by the Reich lecturer leadership .

In 1932 Müller had contact with Heinrich Brüning , on whose political line he published, and in 1934 he worked in Franz von Papen's working group of Catholic Germans. He joined the National Socialist SA in 1933, an application for membership in the NSDAP that was made in 1937 was only approved in 1940, while Müller was already active in local groups during the waiting period.

In the 1930s he lived in Freiburg at Maximilianstrasse 1.

In 1937 he completed his habilitation with a thesis on Thomas Aquinas ("Reality and Rationality", published as Being and Spirit ). Excluded from teaching at the university for “ideological and political reasons”, he worked as an archbishop's lecturer in philosophy at the Freiburg Collegium Borromaeum . During the Second World War , after participating in the French campaign, he was initially released from work and taught again at the Collegium Borromaeum. He was then called up to Stuttgart as an army psychologist. From 1942 he was obliged to serve as a department head at the Ulm employment office, until in 1943, after being arrested and interrogated in connection with the White Rose, he received a draft order for the Wehrmacht. He escaped the call, "because friends were able to enforce an obligation as personnel manager of a wagon factory in Posen (Poland)."

In 1946 he became a full professor as successor to Martin Honecker , after having managed the chair since 1945. In addition to his work at the university , Müller u. a. in Freiburg city politics. In 1960 he took a call to the Maximilian University Ludwig in Munich true. He held his inaugural lecture at the University of Munich on January 18, 1961. After his retirement in 1972, he returned to Freiburg and taught as an honorary professor at the Philosophical and Theological Faculties of the Albert Ludwig University . In 1984 he was awarded the Ring of Honor by the Görres Society .

Act

Martin Honecker , Edmund Husserl and Martin Heidegger are particularly to be regarded as his teachers . He was also influenced by the historian Friedrich Meinecke , the theologian and religious philosopher Romano Guardini and the Catholic youth movement ( Quickborn , Bund Neudeutschland ). He had important encounters during his studies of history , Romance languages , German and philosophy in Berlin , Munich, Paris ( Jacques Maritain , Étienne Gilson , Paul Desjardins ) and Freiburg im Breisgau. Max Müller belonged together with Johannes Baptist Lotz (SJ) and Gustav Siewerth , his companions from his student days, and Bernhard Welte , Karl Rahner and others of a group of Catholic philosophers and theologians who, due to their studies with Martin Heidegger, thought of the dispute through their own path of thought with whose fundamental ontology and philosophy of being was strongly influenced.

In the time of National Socialism he belonged u. a. with Reinhold Schneider , Hubert Seemann , Johannes Spörl and Bernhard Welte joined the opposition Freiburg circle around the newspaper editor Karl Färber , who became important for the founding of the CDU in Baden in the period after the Second World War. Müller worked in the Görres company .

Arno Baruzzi and Heinrich Rombach were among his students .

Since 2005, the Faculty of Philosophy at the Albert Ludwig University of Freiburg im Breisgau has awarded the Max Müller Prize for outstanding dissertations annually.

Max Müller's philosophy

Main thought

Max Müller links classical metaphysics with Husserl's phenomenology and Heidegger's existential philosophy, and from this he develops the “ metahistory ” as a philosophy of historical freedom.

“The personal and factual encounter with Martin Heidegger [...] led to a conversation between the great metaphysicians [...] and the thinker who tried to say goodbye to her in his historical“ thinking about being ”by simultaneously referring to the ontic factual history was able to give ground to the ontological history of being. [...] [The way of my thinking] led from metaphysics, from which I came philosophically, in my examination of this and Heidegger's "thinking of being" to that figure which then became my own thought movement and which I named " Metahistory "denoted." ( Existential Philosophy , 4th ed. 1986, p. 366)

The meaning of history can be found anew in every epoch. The transcendental experience of man creates the world as a work in personal confrontation as a community effort. Politics, religion, art and science, but also the personal community of people, try to answer this and offer real symbolic and representative meaning. The success of meaning is understood as an event of collapse (symbolos, compromise, kairological center) and in the end as the "experience of absolute meaning - [...] not in time, but as time and temporality itself." ( Experience and history , p . 595)

Honors

literature

Works

  • The Christian view of man and the worldview of the modern age . (= Christian Germany 1933 to 1945. Lecture of the Catholic series). Herder, Freiburg i. Br. 1945.
  • Being and Spirit : Systematic Investigations into the Basic Problem and Structure of Medieval Ontology. Tübingen: Mohr, 1940. (Contributions to philosophy and its history; 7th) - 2nd edition, exp. ud contribution. “The Topicality of Thomas Aquinas”. - Freiburg / Munich: Alber 1981. ISBN 3-495-47461-7 .
  • Existential philosophy in the spiritual life of the present . Heidelberg: Kerle 1949. - Existential philosophy : from metaphysics to metahistory. 4th, exp. Ed. By Alois Halder. Freiburg / Munich: Alber 1986. (Alber brochure philosophy) ISBN 3-495-47603-2 .
  • Herder's little philosophical dictionary . Freiburg i. Br .: Herder 1958. (Herder library; 16). - 5th edition / Ed. By Max Müller u. Alois Halder. Among employees by Hans Brockard…. 1976. (Herderbücherei; 398) - Revised. udT Philosophical Dictionary 1988. (Herder-Taschenbuch; 1579). - 1996 (Herder-Spektrum; vol. 4151) [only named Alois Halder as author] ISBN 3-451-04752-7
  • Experience and History : Fundamentals of a Philosophy of Freedom as a Transcendental Experience. Freiburg / Munich: Alber 1971. ISBN 3-495-47218-5 .
  • Philosophical anthropology : with a contribution “On contemporary anthropology”. Edited by Wilhelm Vossenkuhl . Freiburg / Munich: Alber 1974. (Alber brochure philosophy) ISBN 3-495-47303-3 .
  • The Compromise or On the Nonsense and Meaning of Human Life : Four Treatises on the Historical Structure of Existence between Difference and Identity. Freiburg / Munich: Alber 1980. (Alber brochure philosophy) ISBN 3-495-47440-4 .
  • Confrontation as reconciliation : a conversation about a life with philosophy. Edited by Wilhelm Vossenkuhl = Polemos kai eirene. Berlin: Akad.-Verl. 1994.
  • Power and Violence : Prolegomena of a Political Philosophy. Ed. U. commented by Anton Bösl. Freiburg / Munich: Alber 1999. ISBN 3-495-47965-1 .
  • Martin Heidegger: Letters to Max Müller and other documents . Edited by Holger Zaborowski and Anton Bösl. Freiburg / Munich: Alber 2003. ISBN 3-495-48070-6 .

Editing

Secondary literature

  • Ramón Eduardo Ruiz-Pesce: Metaphysics as metahistory or hermeneutics of impure thinking: the philosophy of Max Müller , Alber, Freiburg 1987. (Symposion 79) ISBN 3-495-47606-7 .
  • Wilhelm Vossenkuhl : Max Müller. In: Christian Philosophy in Catholic Thought of the 19th and 20th Century. Vol. 3. ed. by E. Coreth , W. Neidl, G. Pfligersdorffer , Graz / Vienna / Cologne 1990, 318–327.
  • Hans Gerald Hödl:  Max Müller (philosopher). In: Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL). Volume 6, Bautz, Herzberg 1993, ISBN 3-88309-044-1 , Sp. 299-302.  ( Article / beginning of article in Internet archive )
  • Paul Good:  Müller, Max. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 18, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1997, ISBN 3-428-00199-0 , pp. 458-460 ( digitized version ).
  • Albert Raffelt : Müller, Max . In: Lexikon für Theologie und Kirche, 3rd ed. Vol. 7 [Maximilian bis Pazzi], Herder, Freiburg 1998, Sp. 518-519.
  • Kai-Uwe Socha: Person-being: Freedom and historicity as basic constants of human thinking by Max Müller (1906–1994), Lang, Frankfurt 1999 (European university publications. Series 20; Volume 593), ISBN 3-631-34419-8 .
  • Veronica Fabricius: From Metaphysics to Metahistory. Freedom as a story according to Max Müller, Alber, Freiburg 2004 (Alber theses, philosophy; vol. 23), ISBN 3-495-48110-9 .
  • Michael F. Köck: Personal structure of religious experience. Complementarity and transcendence in Max Müller, Schöningh, Paderborn 2008, ISBN 978-3506764850 .
  • Hans Otto Seitschek (ed.): Being and history. Basic questions of the philosophy of Max Müller, Alber, Freiburg 2009, ISBN 3-495-48341-1 .

Web links

Lecture recording

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d Christian Tilitzki : The German university philosophy in the Weimar Republic and in the Third Reich . Part 1. Akademie Verlag, Berlin 2002, pp. 736f. ISBN 3-05-003647-8 .
  2. ^ Address book of the city of Freiburg 1935. p. 228.
  3. ^ Experience and History , 568; See DBE online _7-1177
  4. ^ Controversy as Reconciliation , 130-134; see. NDB 459.
  5. ↑ NDB 459.
  6. ↑ Philosophisches Jahrbuch 69 (1962) 371.
  7. ↑ See www.uni-freiburg.de ( Memento of the original from December 22, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.philosophie.uni-freiburg.de
  8. ↑ Announcement of awards of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany. In: Federal Gazette . Vol. 25, No. 71, April 11, 1973.
personal data
SURNAME Müller, Max
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German philosopher
DATE OF BIRTH September 6, 1906
PLACE OF BIRTH Offenburg
DATE OF DEATH October 18, 1994
Place of death Freiburg in Breisgau