Name Jesus Church (Bonn)
The Holy Name of Jesus Church is a nachgotischer church building in the Bonngasse of Bonn city center . The church is owned by the State of North Rhine-Westphalia and is used by the Old Catholic Church in Germany as a cathedral and city church. It stands as a monument under monument protection .
history
The discovery of a piece of beech wood with the name of Jesus ( IHS ) prompted the Cologne elector and archbishop Maximilian Heinrich von Bayern , who resided in Bonn, to build a church in honor of the “wonderful name” for the Bonn Jesuits .
The Namen-Jesu-Kirche was built between 1686 and 1717. The foundation stone was laid by Maximilian Henry on September 14, 1686. On July 24, 1689 at the mortar - attack on the city in the Nine Years' War , was not destroying the church, but very damaged. In the same year, the Jesuits were forcibly expelled from the city by the French because they were believed to be allies of Elector Joseph Clemens of Bavaria and refused to leave the city. After the Allied conquest , the Jesuits returned. The construction work was resumed around the year 1692, so that one could move into the church on December 3, 1694, the feast of St. Francis Xavier ; the construction was completed in 1698. In the years that followed, the furniture was purchased until the final decorations on the high altar, side altars and confessionals were made in 1704 and the furnishings were complete. In 1717 the Archbishop of Cologne, Elector Joseph Clemens, consecrated the church.
After the Jesuits left in 1774, the building stood empty. From 1794 to 1800, the so-called French period , a large part of the furniture was destroyed and the interior was used as a horse stable and soldiers' quarters. In addition, the church, like all church property (except the parish churches), was expropriated. It has been state-owned since then.
From 1877 to 1934 it served the old Catholic parish of Bonn as a parish church. It was then used as a Roman Catholic university church, in which the then Bonn theology professor Joseph Ratzinger preached at the beginning of the 1960s. At the end of the Second World War , the church was badly damaged in the Allied aerial warfare : the roof covering of the nave and towers was destroyed, the structure was damaged, especially on the south side, and the facade and tracery was damaged by fragments and fragments . The southern sacristy burned down and the vault was hit. Another consequence was the inclination of the gable to the west. The subsequent reconstruction took place until the end of 1950 and was finally completed in 1954, with regard to the equipment in 1957.
Most recently, the services of the Catholic University Community (KHG) took place in it. After the Archdiocese of Cologne gave up the use of the church in 2007, it has been used as a cathedral by the Foundation Namen-Jesu-Kirche in old Catholic sponsorship since 2012 . The Old Catholic Church has created an urn cemetery in the crypt under the chancel. This columbarium is open to all people who feel connected to the Namen-Jesu-Kirche.
architecture
Paul Clemen's assessment of the building is as follows: "The church is one of the most interesting north German Jesuit churches, in which the Romanizing and Gothic elements almost suddenly appear alongside the baroque forms."
The church was built according to plans by the Grisons architect Giacomo de Candrea in the so-called Jesuit Gothic style, which combines baroque elements with those of other styles.
facade
Romanesque double windows are let into the two towers , while in the middle there are ogival Gothic windows. The columns, on the other hand, are decorated with baroque decorations. The towers are each crowned with a French hood .
portal
The following inscription was placed above the main portal:
- A PATRO V O ERE C T VM NEPOS DIC A VI T (raised by the uncle, the nephew consecrated it).
The chronogram gave the year of consecration: VCVMDICVI = MDCCVVVII = 1717. The Christ monogram IHS made reference to the patronage.
Interior space and dimensions
Inside the church there is the impression of a hall church .
- Height of the towers: around 53 meters
- Length: 33.5 meters
- Width: 16.5 meters, of which the central nave is 8.5 meters
- Height of the central nave: 16 meters
Crypt
Under the church there is a barrel vault, there are the graves of 66 Jesuit fathers . It is used for urn burials.
Restoration work
Since 2006, the state is said to have spent around 1.1 million euros on the tower renovation and facade security. The restoration work lasted until 2012. The owner, the state of North Rhine-Westphalia , made a further 7.5 million euros available to restore the entire exterior facade. For this purpose, scaffolding was set up that protrudes six meters into Bonngasse. The church was also roofed over so that work could take place even in bad weather. Since parts of the facade threatened to break off, scaffolding protected passers-by from damage until work began.
Furnishing
Only parts of the stalls (two times fourteen knee benches with carved cheek pieces) and the pulpit (1698) have been preserved from the original furnishings . The altars made by Melchior Jouanny come from the Capuchin Church , which was demolished in 1897. The confessionals set into the side walls date from the middle of the 18th century.
High altar
The high altar was created by Bartholomäus Dierix around 1755. The high altar is adorned by an antependium in white and gold, which is provided with a cross decorated with rays in the center . The tabernacle rises above the Altarmensa . The impressive structure, which is framed by a drapery held by putti , consists of two side pilasters with columns in front of them. The structure ends at the top with a sculpture crowned with rays showing God the Father enthroned in the clouds with a globe in his hand and surrounded by putti and angels . In a richly carved frame there is an 18th century painting depicting the Holy Family , above which the electoral coat of arms with the electoral hat is attached. In the foreground you can see St. Joseph in a sitting position, while Mary stands behind him , holding the baby Jesus on her right arm. Thoughtfully, he looks at a cross in his left hand.
On the two wooden bridges that close the altar to the choir wall, there is a sculpture of a saint : St. Felix on the left and St. Elisabeth of Thuringia on the right .
Side altars
The two side altars are by Melchior Jauanny and are also made of limewood. The pictures, long believed to be lost, were returned to the church in 2013 after having been painstakingly restored over the years. The right altarpiece shows Saint Anthony of Padua , the left one Saint Francis of Assisi .
pulpit
The sound cover of the pulpit is crowned by the figure of St. Michael .
Modern principals
The artist Klaus Simon designed the new principles for the Namen-Jesu-Kirche in summer 2011. On December 27, 2010, the 300-year-old Thick Oak , a natural monument, fell over in Kottenforst . Klaus Simon was allowed to use a section of 1.2 m in length. In a forest studio at the location of the thick oak, at the hunter's house , he created the altar , lectern , Easter candle holder and the back of the cathedra , the bishop's chair. Church services and discussions in the forest studio accompanied the work. The furniture shows the life story of the thick oak, including surviving two lightning strikes. This is supposed to be reminiscent of human wounds. The other sediles also come from Klaus Simon. The "Association of Exhibition House for Christian Art" in Munich and the state of North Rhine-Westphalia supported this work.
Confessionals
The confessionals from the middle of the 18th century are very typical for a Jesuit church. The old Catholic Church does not need confessionals. That is why they are used differently in the Namen-Jesu-Kirche: As listening or reading places they offer the possibility to listen to music or read.
organ
The demonstrably first organ was built by Georg Stahlhuth in 1870 . This work had 19 stops on two manuals. The organ was so damaged during the Second World War that it had to be demolished in 1951. In 1958, the organ building company Johannes Klais in Bonn built a new organ (Opus No. 1147). It has 25 registers on 2 manuals and a pedal . The key action is mechanical, that of the register is electrical. The type of wind chest is designed as a slip chest.
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- Coupling : II / I, I / P, II / P.
- Subsidiary register : none.
- Playing aids : 2 free combinations, 1 free pedal combination, tutti, 4 individual tongue racks.
Bells
In the bell chamber of the south tower (Romanesque sound window) there is a historic softwood bell chair that dates from the time the towers were completed. Its beams are embedded in the tower walls. The three-field belfry will never have carried a bell since it was built, as there are no recesses for the necessary yoke bearings.
In the roof turret originally hung a small bell that probably for the tolling of the hour prayer times has served the Jesuits. A bell from 1732 with the inscription GLORIA IN EXCELSIS DEO MDCCXXXII has survived , which was consecrated in 1733 by the then Auxiliary Bishop Franz Kaspar von Franken-Siersdorf and cast in 1896. There is also evidence of a small bell ("campanula") by the Cologne foundry Johann Fuchs from 1771, which was consecrated on March 26 of the same year by the then rector of the Jesuit college. She wore around his shoulder, a circumferential inscription in Antiqua capitals , probably between two ornamental friezes: SOLI DEO GLORIA. IOANNES FVCHS IN COLLEN ME GOSS ANNO 1771 . On the front flank was an Immaculata relief with the inscription: AVE MARIA GRATIA PLENA . The opposite side was decorated with a relief of the Most Holy Name of Jesus with the inscription: SIT NOMEN DOMINI BENEDICTVM. On the Wolm and above the sharpness there were probably some ornamental bridges.
Until January 2012, the fire bell (also known as the sweeping bell ) from 1535, which is the oldest bell in Bonn's old town, hung in the south tower lantern . It probably came to the Namen-Jesu-Kirche together with the fire watch from the Remigius Church on Römerplatz, which was demolished in 1806/07. The bell was cast in an exceptionally heavy rib construction, which probably goes back to its predecessor. With a brass knuckle thickness of 60 mm by 590 mm in diameter and 155 kg, it weighs around three times as much as a normal sized bell of the same pitch. Its master is not named in the inscription, but the bell is attributed to the Cologne foundry Johan von Coellen, who can be traced back to 1536 . In addition to four round bars on the Wolm, the bell has a single-line tape around its shoulder, the lower edge of which is closed by a thin rod of pearl with a hanging cruciferous frieze. The Gothic minuscule inscription names the year of casting as well as a note on a previous bell , the material of which the fire bell could have been cast:
- • renovata • anno • domini • m • ccccc • xxxv • • ( Six- leaf rosettes serve as word separators.)
The fire bell has been hung in the bell chamber of the south tower since 2012.
There were also three new bells that ring the existing historic bell cage for the first time since its construction. The bells were cast in the Rudolf Perner bell foundry in Passau in October 2011 and inaugurated with the new principles on January 1, 2012, the day Jesus was named. The new bells have an inscription in modern majuscule around their shoulders between round bars, which is closed below with a matching decorative frieze. The new bells are thus based on the decor of the old fire bell. Wheel crosses, which can also be found inside the church, serve as word separators. Wolm and lower margin name the founder, year of casting, location and donor.
- Creator Bell: + FROM HIM AND THROUGH HIM AND TOWARDS HIM / IS ALL OF CREATION + HONOR TO HIM IN ETERNITY! + , including a stylized leaf frieze
- Christ bell: + YOU ARE MY BELOVED SON + I LOVED YOU + , including frieze with Christ's monogram
- Holy Spirit Bell: + THE SPIRIT HELPS OUR WEAKNESS + BECAUSE WE DON'T KNOW WHAT WE SHALL / RIGHTLY PRAY FOR + HOWEVER, THE SPIRIT ITSELF ENTERS FOR US WITH A WORDLESS SIGH + , including frieze from double wave
The ringing of the Namen-Jesu-Kirche is coordinated with the other inner city ringing, which in turn are coordinated with each other. The bells of the cathedral basilka , of St. Remigius and of the name of Jesus make up a complete B flat major scale.
| No. | Surname | Casting year | Foundry, casting location | diameter | Dimensions |
Percussive ( HT - 1 / 16 ) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Creator Bell | 2011 |
Bell foundry Rudolf Perner , Passau |
1,198 mm | 1,235 kg | f 1 ± 0 |
| 2 | Christ bell | 1,073 mm | 876 kg | g 1 ± 0 | ||
| 3 | Holy Spirit Bell | 981 mm | 682 kg | a 1 ± 0 | ||
| 4th | Fire bell | 1535 | Johan von Coellen (attrib.) | 590 mm | 155 kg | a 2 ± 0 |
Three times a day at 9 a.m., 12 p.m. and 7 p.m., the Holy Spirit bell rings for the angel of the Lord and shortly before 10 p.m. the fire bell rings for the night's rest . This ringing reminds of the time when the tower keepers kept watch over Bonn and with the help of this bell were able to set a signal for a quick rescue. The ringing at the end of the day is, as it were, the "watch over Bonn", which is so audibly expressed. The big bell is rung every Friday at 3 p.m. at the hour of Christ's death on the cross and at funerals . Saturday at 19 o'clock, together with the bells of the Cathedral Basilica and St. Cyprian of Sunday heralded . Depending on the church season and the form of the service, the ringing of the church services occurs with different combinations of bells up to full bell; on Sundays and feast days there is a chiming 30 minutes before the liturgy begins. On certain holidays will gebeiert .
Remarks
- ↑ Upper inscription of the foundation stone: Maximilianus Henricus Archiep. Colon. Dux Bav (ar) iae Sacro Iesu Nomini devotissimus in eiusdem nominis honorem hoc templum a fundamentis erexit 1686 September 14th [sic!].
Individual evidence
- ↑ List of monuments of the city of Bonn (as of March 15, 2019), p. 12, number A 204
- ^ Joseph Braun: The church buildings of the German Jesuits. A contribution to the cultural and art history of the 17th and 18th centuries. Freiburg i. Br. 1908, p. 173.
- ^ Werner Hesse: History of the city of Bonn during French rule, 1792-1815. Bonn 1879, p. 83. Accessed January 12, 2016 .
- ↑ The fate of the war in German architecture. Loss - damage - reconstruction. Documentation for the territory of the Federal Republic of Germany. Volume 1: Nord , Karl Wachholtz Verlag, Neumünster 1988, ISBN 3-529-02685-9 , p. 382.
- ↑ domradio.de message from June 28, 2007
- ↑ The Namen-Jesu-Kirche: Episcopal Church and spiritual inn. Name Jesus Church Foundation, archived from the original on November 29, 2014 ; accessed on October 21, 2014 .
- ↑ http://www.general-anzeiger-bonn.de/bonn/bonn/bonns-unterirdischer-friedhof-article889351.html
- ^ A b Paul Clemen : The art monuments of the city and the district of Bonn . L. Schwann, Düsseldorf 1905, pp. 114–120 (= Die Kunstdenkmäler der Rheinprovinz , Volume 5, Section 3, pp. 410–416 - Unchanged reprint Verlag Schwann, Düsseldorf 1981, ISBN 3-590-32113-X ; Internet Archives ).
- ↑ Organ database | Description of the old organ
- ↑ Organ database | Description of the new organ
- ↑ a b c Jakob Torsy: The consecration actions of the Cologne auxiliary bishops 1661-1840 , Düsseldorf 1969, p. 140.
- ↑ Jörg Poettgen: 700 years bells cast in Cologne. Masters and workshops between 1100 and 1800 . Wernersche Verlagsgesellschaft, Worms 2005, pp. 148–149.
- ↑ Video recording of the Sunday ringing in from the bell chamber
literature
- Joseph Braun : The church buildings of the German Jesuits. A contribution to the cultural and art history of the 17th and 18th centuries . Herder, Freiburg i. Br. 1908.
- Josef Herberg (ed.): Churches in Bonn. History and art of Catholic parishes and places of worship . Michael Imhof Verlag, Petersberg 2011, ISBN 978-3-86568-237-6 , pp. 61-64. [not evaluated]
- Andreas Denk , Ingeborg flag : Architectural guide Bonn . Dietrich Reimer Verlag, Berlin 1997, ISBN 3-496-01150-5 , p. 10.
- Peter Jurgilewitsch, Wolfgang Pütz-Liebenow: The history of the organ in Bonn and in the Rhein-Sieg-Kreis , Bouvier Verlag, Bonn 1990, ISBN 3-416-80606-9 , pp. 11-13. [not yet evaluated for this article]
Web links
- Name of Jesus Church Foundation
- domradio.de: Bonn Namen-Jesu-Kirche before the handover? (November 27, 2008)
- Christians Today 10/2008: A Second Church?
Coordinates: 50 ° 44 '10.9 " N , 7 ° 6' 5.3" E