Nature park south area

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The mixture of rare plants and animals with art and decayed technology is unique in Europe

The nature park Beautiful Südgelände is a 18  hectare large park in the Berlin district of Schöneberg , located on the former route of hitchhikers and Dresden railway , the western part of the former marshalling yard Tempelhof and the former depot Tempelhof marshalling yard covers. The park is located in the eastern part of the Schöneberg southern area and is characterized by the combination of decaying railway systems , nature conservation and new art objects .

Outside of Berlin , the park became known as part of the Expo 2000 .

History of the railway areas

The hub of the former depot

After the opening of the Berlin-Anhalt Railway in 1841 and the Berlin-Dresden Railway in 1875, the tracks of both railway lines ran north of today's Prellerweg on a common route. In 1889 the Tempelhof marshalling yard was laid out east of it , which was expanded several times until the 1930s. North of the path also Preller 1931 was Bahnbetriebswerk Tempelhof marshalling yard constructed.

On May 18, 1952 the final closure of the Anhalter Bahnhof took place , all long-distance tracks from there were dismantled; the western half of the Tempelhof marshalling yard was also shut down. Since then, the disused long-distance railway tracks and the marshalling yard have gradually been reclaimed by nature. However, the eastern half of the marshalling yard was still used for limited shunting operations, while the depot was converted into the headquarters of the bridge maintenance facility West of the Deutsche Reichsbahn .

At the end of the 1970s, considerations arose to build a new southern freight station on the site, which would replace all freight stations in the south of Berlin. To this end, appropriate agreements were made between the Berlin Senate and the Reichsbahn, but ultimately not implemented. When the clearing of the partially overgrown area was to begin in 1980, citizens' initiatives were able to provide evidence of the ecological value of the area and prevent the clearing. In 1989 the plans for the southern freight station were finally given up.

Water tower

Since 2006, the new route of the Anhalter and Dresdener Bahn, built as part of the mushroom concept , has passed the eastern edge of the former marshalling yard. To the east of it there are still several unused tracks as well as a seldom used freight track of the Berlin Ringbahn to the Dresdener Bahn.

Conversion to the park

The Reichsbahn finally ended its use of the former depot in 1993. In 1995, Deutsche Bahn AG transferred the site to the Senate to compensate for interventions in nature that arose in connection with the expansion of traffic facilities in the city center. The expansion was directed by the state-owned Grün Berlin GmbH , the Allianz Umweltstiftung supported the project with 1.8 million marks .

In addition to the Britzer Garten and the Gardens of the World , the park is one of the three “large” parks of the state-owned Grün Berlin Park und Garten GmbH . In the spring of 1999 he was granted nature and landscape protection . It was symbolically opened in 1999 and was an official EXPO project in 2000 .

Flora and fauna

"Breakthrough nature" - birch forest on an old railway line

Many species of plants, fungi and animals live in the nature park, which are not often found in such a small area in inner-city locations. The pronounced ruderal vegetation and the corresponding fauna of the area have been well studied. There you can see 366 different species of ferns and flowering plants, 49 species of large mushrooms , 49 species of birds , 14 species of grasshoppers and crickets , 57 species of spiders and 95 species of bees , more than 60 of which are endangered.

Nature reserve

Parts of the park are designated as a nature reserve, here the paths must not be left, among other things in order not to disturb birds breeding on the ground . The path through the nature reserve leads over 600 meters of steel grids, which are elevated above the forest floor, as they are attached to steel pipes, which in turn lie on the old rails. This type of routing means there is enough space below the path for animals to move, so the path does not divide the area into two parts and rainwater can reach the ground.

There is an observation tower in the nature reserve.

Recreational use and tourism

The discarded class 50 locomotive

Parts of the old railway systems are still preserved. The 50 meter high water tower of the former depot is a landmark of the park that can be seen from afar. It was repaired in 2019 (securing the foundation, corrosion protection). Even an old steam engine of class 50 from 1940 and a hub are remnants of the former railway operation works . In the south-western area of ​​the park there are two large overpass structures that served to branch off the Anhalter and Dresdener Bahn without crossing until 1952 .

Owl sculpture

Several permanently installed art objects by the artist group Odius can be viewed in the park. Café Paresüd and the administration are located in the building of the former bridge maintenance office, and the stages of the Shakespeare Company Berlin , which has performed there since summer 2011 , are nearby . Park tours are offered , among others, by the Berlin Association for the Environment and Nature Conservation Germany (BUND). The park is open all year round and can be reached via three entrances: in the north through the Hans-Baluschek-Park , in the west through the Priesterweg S-Bahn station and in the south over the Prellerweg (between the railway bridges).

Two sheep on the dry grass

Part of the area of ​​the nature park consists of dry grass that is kept short by sheep so that the tree growth cannot spread.

Thanks to the Berlin open space concept , the nature park was connected to the park at Gleisdreieck via the bottle neck park between Yorckstrasse and the Monumentenbrücke as part of the north-south green connection .

There are also a number of allotment garden colonies on the southern site with more than 2,600 allotment gardens .

Allotment colonies

In the midst of the allotment garden colonies

The allotment garden colonies in the Schöneberger Südgelände form one of the largest contiguous allotment garden areas in Berlin. More than 2600 parcels are grouped into 26 allotment garden colonies. The administration and leasing are carried out by the district association of allotment gardeners Schöneberg-Friedenau. The largest colony is the allotment garden colony Sonnenbad e. V. with 220 parcels, the smallest is the Lindenbaum colony with 19 parcels.

History of the allotment garden colonies

Many colonies on the southern area were established at the beginning of the 20th century. At that time there were 31 colonies with around 7,000 allotments. As early as 1918, 15,000 apartments were to be built on the allotment garden, but this project was prevented by the resistance of the allotment gardeners. The Reichsheimstätten Act was passed in 1920 and the Implementation Act in 1924. 34.3  hectares of permanent allotment gardens were to be created, but this was forgotten. In the same year the district association of allotment gardeners was founded. After 1935, the Schöneberg southern area was cleared and a central freight station was to be built. The beginning of the Second World War prevented this construction, which was to take place after the " final victory ". During the war, flak positions and accommodation were built on this site. But there were also allotments again.

After the end of the war, the plots were divided on behalf of the American commander. The municipality of Schöneberg has regarded this area as grave land since that time . After the currency reform and blockade , the GSW housing company was supposed to build apartments on the site. This could be prevented by activating the Bundesbahn as the legal successor to the Reichsbahn (it was now claiming the southern area) and protests by the allotment gardeners and residents. Part of the site from Vorarlberger Damm to Riemenschneider Weg has been released for residential construction. 800 allotments were cleared for the Schöneberg interchange during the construction of the 100 federal motorway . More followed in 1971. In 1978 over 700 allotments were to be cleared for the construction of the freight yard. As a result of the protest of the newly founded Südgelände protection community as well as the allotment gardeners and residents, the clearance of 116 plots was withdrawn. If necessary, however, another 100 allotments should be cleared. Almost 20,000 citizens spoke out against the construction of the freight yard with their signature. The then Building Senator Harry Ristock ( SPD ) promised in 1978 that the Schöneberg southern area should be increasingly permanent. Demand from the then opposition CDU : “Schöneberg needs every square meter of green and recreational space. The southern area must be designated as a permanent allotment area. "

Since 1980 an area of ​​more than 20 allotment gardens has been fallow , although thousands of citizens are looking for a garden in Schöneberg alone and waiting times of 2½ years exist. Since then, 99 parcels have been classified as so-called "nursing gardens" and have no contracts.

List of colonies

society Number of parcels m²
Old Schöneberg 0096 027.901
Old goat pasture 0186 047,550
Mountain Peace 0090 026,615
Boerland 0118 035,500
Canova 0144 040,425
unity 0102 022,690
Happiness 0090 030,800
Happiness in the corner 0108 032,892
Green floodplain 0206 050,486
Green valley 0088 024,450
Serenity 0034 010,621
ideal 0030th 010,266
Rabbit farm 0100 026,400
Linden tree 0019th 004,557
Linden grove 0157 045.393
Luisen Gardens 0073 023,050
Maxstrasse 0035 005,995
New time 0074 017,530
Roseneck 0127 037,400
Samoa 0129 031,800
Summer home 0100 028,300
sunbathing 0219 053,200
Spreewald 0145 045,590
Vorarlberg 0042 010,868
reunion 0073 022,250
Meadow ground 0090 026,675

literature

  • Arnt Cobbers: STOP at the entrance - a new park with old stories. The Schöneberger Südgelände Nature Park in Berlin . Published by Grün Berlin Park und Garten GmbH. Jaron Verlag, Berlin 2001, ISBN 3-89773-018-9 .
  • Senate Department for Urban Development Berlin: Natur-Park Schöneberger Südgelände - true wilderness in the city . Berlin 2001. (PDF; 320 kB)
  • Thekla Fery: From the remaining area to the new landscape - the Schöneberger Südgelände in Berlin . Landscape development and environmental research. Series of publications by the Faculty of Architecture, Environment and Society. Volume 125, ISSN  0173-0495 . Univ.-Bibliothek TU Berlin, Berlin 2005, ISBN 3-7983-1962-6 .
  • Philipp Meuser: New Garden Design in Berlin (New Garden Design in Berlin) . Nicolai'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Berlin 2001, ISBN 3-87584-054-2 .
  • Citizens' initiative Schöneberger Südgelände: The hidden green of Schöneberg. The Südgelände Nature Park . Self-published, Berlin 1985

Web links

Commons : Natur-Park Schöneberger Südgelände  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Repair of the water tower foundation "Schöneberger Südgelände", Berlin. Retrieved May 5, 2020 .
  2. ↑ Südgelände Nature Park , Nature in Berlin, February 17, 2014, accessed on June 12, 2016
  3. ↑ Andrea Gerischer; Preliminary study for tourism projects in the Tempelhof-Schöneberg district ( Memento of the original from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 2.1 MB), page 13 @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.berlin.de
  4. ↑ If it is not enough for the South Seas: The southern area, Marina Naujoks; Schöneberg district newspaper, June 2006
  5. ↑ a b District Association Schöneberg-Friedenau

Coordinates: 52 ° 27 ′ 35 ″  N , 13 ° 21 ′ 29 ″  E