Oskar von Stobäus

Oskar von Stobäus (around 1893)

Oskar Ritter von Stobäus (also Oscar von Stobäus ; born December 23, 1830 in Nördlingen , † May 22, 1914 in Munich ) was a German national-liberal politician; Mayor of Lindau (1861–1868) and Regensburg (1868–1903).

Life

Stobäus was the son of a district judge. From 1844 to 1849 he attended grammar school in Bayreuth , between 1849 and 1853 he studied law at the universities of Munich , Jena and Leipzig . He then did a legal internship at the Weiden district court and passed state bankruptcy in 1855 (assessor examination). From 1855 to 1857 he was an assessor in Weiden, from 1857 he was a legally qualified magistrate in Lindau , where he was elected legally qualified mayor in 1861. He held this office until April 1868 and was also a member of the District Administrator of Swabia and Neuburg, from 1865 to 1867 as its President. In April 1868, he was unanimously elected legally qualified mayor of Regensburg as the successor to the retired mayor Friedrich Schubarth, initially for three years and then for life. He held this post until the self-chosen date of his retirement for health reasons on December 1, 1903. In his Regensburg years, Stobäus belonged to the Bavarian Chamber of Deputies for the National Liberal Party in the electoral periods 1875–1881, 1887–1893 and 1893–1899 Landtag , each elected in the Regensburg constituency. The communal political era of Stobäus was characterized by the state governmental, strongly Protestant-oriented national liberalism of the mayor. After leaving the mayor's office, Stobäus initially moved to Ziegelhaus near Lindau and then to Munich in 1910, where his wife died in 1912, two years before he died there himself in 1914. Before his death, Stobäus had expressly forbidden a delegation from the city of Regensburg to be present at his funeral. The fountain of honor dedicated to him also did not appeal to him.

Stobäus fountain on Stobäusplatz

Although Stobäus had been made an honorary citizen of Regensburg during his tenure in 1886, his ties to the city had remained rather weak. In 1895, he reminded the district president in a confidential letter that he had not asked for Regensburg, but that he had been plagued by the highest authorities for a long time to leave his beautiful seat in Lindau on Lake Constance. In Regensburg, the administration of Stobäus was primarily aimed at promoting the Protestant, upper-class, national-liberal property bourgeoisie. This administration of office had met with a lot of criticism during the last years of office - probably also because of the very long term of office. The criticism came from the opposition petty-bourgeois Catholic as well as from the left-wing liberal side and even from the state government. He also made the Social Democrats his opponents when, in June 1892 , he knew how to prevent the establishment of the Bavarian Social Democratic Party in a hall on the city's territory, so that the founding meeting had to take place in front of the city gates in the rural suburb of Reinhausen . The fact that his office was ultimately a burden for himself is shown by the titles of the four volumes of his estate, which he himself wrote: “ Apprenticeship years 1849-1856, journeyman years 1857-1860, master craftsman years 1861-1858, continuation in the Regensburg workshop 1868-1903 at the end of November. Finis unfortunately not until 1903! "

Mayor of Regensburg

Former porcelain factory at Periwinkle

Zanthaus Gesandersstrasse (foreground Ingolstetterhaus)

Economic condition of the city when he took office in 1868

Since Regensburg was annexed to the Kingdom of Bavaria in 1810, there had been only weak economic development in the course of almost 60 years, despite the first rail connection in 1859. Only a few small businesses had settled in the city. Only one company had developed impressively before Stobäus took office.

• The Rehbach pencil manufacturer, founded in 1821, expanded considerably in 1834 and in 1864 had already become the second largest producer.
• Since 1805 there was a porcelain factory, which from 1829 produced under the direction of Johann Heinrich Schwerdtner am Singrün near the Herzogspark , but already ceased operations in 1868.
• In 1812 the Bernard brothers founded a branch of their snuff factory in the Zanthaus (Gesandersstrasse), which only expanded to the neighboring Ingolstetterhaus in 1898.
• In 1833, the publisher Friedrich Pustet , who moved from Passau in 1826, acquired a property on Gesandersstrasse, founded a bookstore and laid the foundation for Pustet's printing company with the purchase of a high-speed press. Only after Stobäus took office did a phase of strong expansion of the company begin.
• In 1837, a beet sugar factory owned by the manufacturer Fikentscher started operations on Kumpfmühler Strasse on the site of today's judicial building. The factory had to shut down again in 1888 because cleaning the sugar solution with charcoal was uneconomical.
• Construction activity in the city almost came to a standstill after 1810. During the first decades of the 19th century, the new construction of the stables on the grounds of St. Emmeram Castle , which employed around 200 workers from 1827 to 1832, was the only major construction site in the city. The new construction of the Royal Villa was not completed until 25 years later and 12 years before Stobäus took office .

Infrastructure of the city when he took office in 1868

The infrastructure of Regensburg was similar to that at the time the city was annexed to the Kingdom of Bavaria in 1810. The destruction in the southeastern city during the battle of Regensburg had only been removed due to tight finances and the remaining building stock still represented the state of the late Middle Ages. Although mayor Thon-Dittmer began maintaining the sewer system during the tenure of Mayor Thon-Dittmer, only the conventional system of discharging rainwater and other wastewater into the Danube was only possible with these measures due to a lack of income and high price increases during the German Revolution of 1848/1849 be maintained in the urban area.

In addition, improvements to the infrastructure through construction work in the city area were only possible after the city ​​fortifications were torn down. Because the king did not give permission to demolish the landside city walls until 1863 and because the two predecessors of Stobäus in the mayor's office Georg Satzinger and Friedrich Schubarth had not been active, a large part of the demolition work only took place after Stobäus took office. In addition to the organization of the demolition work, Stobäus was burdened with many planning tasks for the new infrastructure and was supported from 1880 by the civil engineer Adolf Schmetzer , who was appointed city architect in 1897. It was clear to both that only a modernization of the infrastructure could create the conditions for an industrial development of the city and for improved living conditions for a growing population.

Wiesmeierweg 9, in the garden remains of the Zwingermauer

Dr. Johann-Maier-Str. 3

General construction planning

After the city was opened by the demolition of the city walls and the city moat was filled in, it was not only possible to build and expand roads and sewers, but also to build completely new residential areas close to the city. For the construction of city buildings such as B. Schools were available space and new land near the city. With the sale of land to private builders in the area of ​​the inner west of the south and east of the city, income could be generated and the city coffers were relieved. This also urban construction measures were possible because the 1802 Bavarian Interior Minister under Montgelas adopted compulsory education required the hitherto neglected construction of new schools.

New inner-city streets

New inner-city streets were required wherever walls previously ran, such as B. on Petersweg, which only got its current width in 1902 at the end of Stobäus' term of office at the expense of the princely parks, or where towers had stood or were preserved, such as partly at Jacobstor and Ostentor , the road connection from 1859 was also important resulting train station . For this, the Kepler monument had to be relocated and an extension of Maximilianstrasse , which ended in the south with the Maxtor , had to be created. The extension street, which was called Bahnhofstraße until 1903 , used the Fürst-Anselm-Allee , but initially did not significantly affect the popular avenue. The situation changed, however, when in 1886/91 the only 30-year-old train station had to be replaced by a much larger, new building that moved much closer to the city. After the southern city wall was torn down , the new station could be connected to the city by extending the street Klarenanger with a new street. The old Bahnhofstrasse , however, was preserved, gained in importance over the years as an extension of the increasingly used Maximilianstrasse and finally took over the name Maximilianstrasse and the increasing traffic. The port of Regensburg also had to be connected by new roads. The port was built from 1865 on the banks of the Danube on the Donaulände and was connected to the Eastern Railway, which made it possible to transfer goods directly.

New residential areas

The new development area Ensemble Reichsstraße could be planned in the eastern foreland of the city, opened by the demolition of the walls, with the associated streets and squares to develop the area. Due to the existing city park, no new building area could be created in the western foreland. There plans had to be made for the development of existing or newly created connecting and arterial roads.

Arterial roads

Arterial roads from the city center had to be planned to connect existing suburbs and neighboring villages, e.g. B. Kumpfmühl , prüfunging , Burgweinting and Neutraubling .

School construction during the tenure

Former Klarenangerschule (today commercial building)

Cross school

Albrecht Altdorfer High School

Stobäus took office at the time of the Bavarian Kulturkampf . There were fierce arguments between the liberal-conservative Bavarian government and the anti-modern and ultra- montane supporters of political Catholicism in the Bavarian Patriot Party . The government with the education ministers Franz von Greßer and Johann von Lutz had the majority in the chamber of deputies (second chamber) , but lacked a majority in the first chamber (Reichsrat) , the Bavarian assembly of estates . A liberal school policy with mixed denominational schools could not be implemented. In order to achieve changes anyway, the government issued ordinances after 1873, e.g. B. the Schulsprengelverordnung, with which it became possible to align the construction of new schools to the political communities instead of the parishes.

In his inaugural address, Stobäus described the school as the most important community institution and demanded that the numerous existing plans be implemented quickly, even if the required separation of schools according to denominations and parishes made planning difficult and one also had to take into account the special needs of religious women who were in Catholic schools should teach girls. It was beneficial that building sites for schools were available after the city walls were demolished.

• In 1870, a double school building with separate entrances for Protestant boys and girls from the upper (western) town was opened on the Schulbergl near Engelburgergasse , called the Engelburg School .
• In the same year 1870, a double school was built on Klarenanger (southern Dachauplatz ) for the Protestant boys and girls and the Catholic boys of the lower (eastern) town , called the Klarenanger School . For the Catholic girls, the Ostenschule was added to the former St. Klara monastery in 1866 and expanded in 1873. The monastery and school were destroyed in 1809 during the battle of Regensburg .
• In 1872 a double school building with separate entrances for Catholic boys and girls from the upper (western) town was opened on Nonnenplatz at the Dominican convent Heilig Kreuz , called the Kreuzschule .
• After the Catholic Albertus Magnus Gymnasium had moved into a new building at Agidienplatz in 1875 and was called the Old Gymnasium , the Protestant Royal New Gymnasium , built according to plans by Adolf Schmetzer on the foundations of the demolished city wall , was opened in 1894 , which has been named Albrecht Altdorfer Gymnasium since 1962 wearing.

The elementary school buildings were financed by taking out a cheap 30-year loan for 600,000 guilders (1 million marks). With these school buildings, the class size could be reduced to 47 students. However, the success was not permanent because the number of pupils rose unexpectedly quickly. In 1890 the average class size was 60 and in the Catholic girls' classes even 71 pupils, in individual cases even up to 90 pupils. A second school building phase was required, which began around the turn of the century. The aim of the new building phase was only to expand the space, because the new liberal tendencies in school policy were still not politically enforceable, because in elections the votes of the liberal party were in favor of the Catholic conservative parties ( Bavarian Patriot Party ) and the 1893 for the first time Social Democrats drafted into the state parliament fell .

• The entire Klarenangerschule was given to the Catholic boys' school in the lower town . For the Protestant children of the lower town, a new schoolhouse was built in 1898 on von-der-Tann-Strasse, the Von-der-Tann School .
• The Kreuzschule was not expanded, but a new school building for Catholic children from the upper (western) city was opened in the south-west of the city on Augustenstraße in 1901, the August School , which also accepted children from the Karthaus-Prüll community and which was expanded in 1908. A canonical courtyard in Schäffnerstrasse was assigned to the Catholic girls of the lower town .
• The private von-Müllersche higher daughter school, housed in Schäffnerstrasse since 1871 and based on a foundation by the Thurn und Tax privy councilor Georg von Müller , was converted into a communal institution in 1900 and moved into an Art Nouveau building in 1903 by city planning officer Adolf Schmetzer with the help of Paul Bonatz Designed building on Petersweg on the area of ​​the Jesuit college destroyed in 1809.

The school buildings were financed through municipal loans. With the school buildings, the class sizes could be reduced to 48 students again.

Gas and electricity supply

• After 10 years of planning, a gas works was built in 1857 outside the then still existing city wall in today's Landshuter Straße as one of around 140 gas works in Germany at that time. As early as 1865, shortly before Stobäus took office, the initial gas generation from wood gasification had been converted to coal gasification . The company for gas lighting in Regensburg was founded as the operator of the gas factory . After coal gasification had proven its worth and gas sales proved profitable, the gas works was communalized in 1897.

Former Regensburg gasworks, built in 1910

• Initially, the gas was only used for street lighting, initially with 580 lamps. But soon there were also non-urban bulk buyers such as B. the railway company. In 1869, when Stobäus took office, there were already 371 small customers, the number of which rose to 917 by 1897 and to 4978 users by 1911 (with 52,000 inhabitants). After the major customer Bahn had switched to electric lighting in 1892 and other industrial consumers switched from gas to electronic use, the company's net income fell sharply for a short time. After 1901, gas was also increasingly used for heating and cooking in households, because Stobäus always endeavored to set low gas prices for heat generation and not to use the gasworks as a source of income for the city coffers. Gas consumption rose so quickly that at the end of Stobäus' term of office under city architect Adolf Schmetzer, planning began for a new gas works, which was opened in 1910 far to the east of the city.
• Similar to building up the gas supply, Stobäus also set up the electricity supply, which had started in 1867 with the construction of an electrodynamic machine by Werner von Siemens , but its use was delayed because Edison did not complete the development of suitable incandescent lamps until 1880. In February 1900, the first power station in Regensburg started operations on Augustenstrasse, with St. Emmeram Castle as the largest customer. After laying 31 km of cable, the E-Werk had 242 customers a year later, operating 11,246 incandescent and arc lamps and 53 motors.
• The operator of the electrical works was the Elektrizitäts-Aktiengesellschaft, formerly Schuckert & Co. , with whom the city had signed a 50-year contract, in which Stobäus also gave the city a say in pricing. The contract also included the operation of a tram , which began operating with two lines at the end of Stobaeus' tenure in 1903. The operation of the tram required extensive road construction work. The construction work even included the demolition of two houses on the approach to the stone bridge , a problem that was solved very satisfactorily by the city master builder Adolf Schmetzer . In order to be able to represent the interests of the city in the long term, after long negotiations the city acquired the electrical works and the tram in 1909 from the Elektrizitäts-Aktiengesellschaft for 1,900,000 marks.

Water supply

When Stobäus took office, there was strong population growth with poor living conditions and a lack of infrastructure. The death rate with particularly high infant mortality was above the average in Bavaria. The water supply and sewage disposal were therefore the first measures that had to be tackled. The plan was to introduce the alluvial sewer system, which would not only dispose of sewage, but also domestic faeces that had previously had to be collected in pits and disposed of separately. First, however, the question of the drinking water supply had to be resolved because the three previous water sources (Dech Betten, checking, Eisbuckel) had become very unproductive.

Drinking water supply

The search for new sources of drinking water turned out to be very time-consuming, so that the 1238 pump wells in the city continued to operate, although an investigation had shown that 80% of the wells supplied water of poor or even inedible quality. At the same time in Munich, Max Pettenkofer suspected a connection between water quality and cholera outbreaks. In the course of 1872, abundant water sources were found north of the Danube in Sallern and bought up in 1873 by the Wasserversorgungs-Aktiengesellschaft, which has since been founded. In order to distribute the water in the city, it was necessary to build elevated tanks on the hills north of the city (Dreifaltigkeitsberg). The required pipelines had to cross the Danube under the river bed. On September 1, 1875, the entire facility was put into operation and the opening was celebrated with a newly built water fountain on Bismarckplatz in front of the Presidential Palace. In the following years, the facility was continuously expanded, including the northern suburbs of Steinweg and Stadtamhof in 1877, as well as the suburbs of Kumpfmühl and Ziegetsdorf after the construction of new elevated tanks on the southern hills of the city. By the end of 1878, all shares in the company could be transferred to municipal ownership and a municipal waterworks founded.

Sewerage and sanitation

Parts of the sewerage system had already been built during the time in office of Stobäus Friedrich Schubarth's predecessor on the instructions of the district government, but they were built without a system and had significant defects. Other parts of the canals came from the time of the imperial city and were brittle and damaged. All of the old canals only collected precipitation and industrial wastewater, which was then channeled into the Danube via 20 outlets in the inhabited area of ​​the city. The canals were only flushed out intermittently with the help of water from the Vitusbach.

Planning sewerage

A quick renewal of the entire canal system was necessary, because in the first ten years after Stobäus took office, the number of deaths from typhus rose to 125, the majority of them in the residential areas along the Danube. Lengthy , heated discussions about the measures to be taken relax, because it also had to be decided whether the domestic cesspools should be banned so that the faeces can also be disposed of with the help of the alluvial sewer system. The planned alluvial sewer system should also ensure that the pipes are well flushed with the help of domestic waste water from the drinking water supply. The quickest decision was made in 1888 to build a new slaughterhouse far east outside the city center, because the sewage and waste from the old slaughterhouse in the city center at Fischmarkt had previously been disposed of in the middle of the residential area in the Danube.

Construction, financing and consequences of the sewer system

In December 1889, the decision was made to build an area-leveled sewer system with walled, concreted sewer pipes covering the entire city, based on modern principles, which should make it possible to drain the city's wastewater into the Danube at high dilution outside the inhabited city. 10 years later, the decision was extended to also ban domestic cesspools and also to drain the faeces into the (state) Danube using the alluvial sewer system in high dilution. As a result, all houses had to be equipped with flush toilets at the expense of the residents. In addition, it should still be possible to flush the sewer pipes with the help of the Vitusbach. The main drainage outlet was to be located to the east below the Royal Villa .

The canal work began in 1889 and was not finished in 1911. By then, 41 km of canals had been built, but of the city's 2,450 properties were not connected to the system until 1763. The total cost up to then was 3,534,546 marks. A support fund was set up for homeowners who could not bear the financial burdens, which provided very good service. The city's high costs could not be covered from the current budget. After 1890, all loans taken out were mainly used to finance the construction of the canal. A positive consequence of the sewer construction and the household garbage collection introduced in 1906 was the 33% reduction in mortality between 1876 and 1908.

Port construction and planning of the new port

Historic harbor crane

A good ten years before Stobäus took office, the so-called winter harbor was built on the Danube island Unterer Wöhrd , which was only connected to the Danube by a branch canal. The construction of this port was carried out on behalf of the Bavarian-Württembergische Donaudampfschiffsfahrtgesellschaft, which then operated a shipyard there. The construction of the first ship was completed in 1837, in March 1838 regular ship traffic between Regensburg and Linz was started and in 1864 the company was taken over by the Bavarian state.

Old Port

At the instigation of Stobäus there was in Regensburg two docks: the aforementioned Winter Harbor on the south shore of the Lower Wörds , took place in which no turnover, and the port handling of goods on the banks of the Danube on the southern bank of the Danube. Both ports were used by three shipping companies from 1895 during Stobäus' term of office, two of which exclusively operated goods traffic with grain (uphill) and industrial goods (downhill).

New port planning

The lack of winter turnover particularly affected the kerosene needed to operate kerosene lamps , which was imported from Romania. That is why in 1897 the city council came to a landmark decision for the following years. A tank system was to be built where the bulk petroleum, which is urgently needed as light oil for lamps, could be stored. The first three tanks were built in April 1898, but it soon became apparent that the capacity was too low. They needed their own winterized port to also on its premises the petroleum refining to be able to make it was suitable as a fuel for engines. As early as 1899, the first extensive petition was submitted to the Bavarian state government with the request to build a winter-safe petroleum port in Regensburg. The petitions were repeated in 1900, 1902 and 1904, but remained unsuccessful after the end of Stobäus' term of office because the state government initially wanted to improve shipping conditions on the Danube. After that happened, negotiations began to finance the port construction project. Stobäus had already started in 1901 to buy land at the planned location of the new port in the east of the city, so that in 1906, when the building contract was signed, the city was able to provide the state government with 110 daily work (374,880 m²) free of charge and then also additional financial burdens Road, sewer and water connections had to carry. The port was opened on June 6, 1910 under Mayor Hermann Geib , Stobäus' successor.

Further measures during the term of office

When the old post office building south of the cathedral in Regensburg was demolished in 1892 in order to replace it with a larger new building, the hope that had been nurtured in Regensburg for 10 years existed that the cathedral on the south side could finally be given more free space. Together with the cathedral vicar Georg Dengler , who is responsible for diocesan cultivation , the princely building officer Max Schultze and the Pustet family of publishers, Stobäus founded the so-called Comité for the Freedom of Regensburg Cathedral , which then carried out systematic lobbying to promote the uncovering of the cathedral as a national matter. Ultimately, the plans were successfully implemented and in the years that followed led to the appearance of today's Domplatz through further large-scale demolition measures for buildings south of the cathedral .

In January 1902, at the instigation of Stobäus, the city's magistrate also took the decision to decorate the newly created square with an equestrian monument to King Ludwig I , also to thank him retrospectively for the completion of the cathedral towers.

Honors

• In 1880 Oskar von Stobäus was awarded the Knight's Cross for the Order of Merit of the Bavarian Crown , which was associated with the personal nobility.
• In 1898 he received the title of Privy Councilor
• In 1868 and 1886, respectively, Oskar von Stobäus were given honorary citizenship of Lindau and Regensburg (1886).
• In 1906 the city of Regensburg commissioned a memorial in honor of Stobäus (architect: German Bestelmeyer , sculptor: Georg Albertshofer ), which was supposed to beautify the Stobäusplatz , which was built in 1904 after building new roads . The motif of the fountain - a mermaid in the arms of an aquarius - could have been misunderstood as a reference to the city-famous adventures of the former mayor. Maybe Stobäus was so angry that he forbade the presence of a delegation from Regensburg at his funeral.

literature

• Dieter Albrecht : Regensburg is changing. Studies on the history of the city in the 19th and 20th centuries (= studies and sources on the history of Regensburg 2). Mittelbayerische Druckerei- und Verlags-Gesellschaft, Regensburg 1984 (short biography of Stobäus', pp. 161–169).
• Rudolf Reiser: Stobäus, Oskar von. In: Karl Bosl (ed.): Bosls Bavarian biography. Pustet, Regensburg 1983, ISBN 3-7917-0792-2 , p. 757 ( digitized version ).
• Hermann Kalkoff (Ed.): National Liberal Parliamentarians 1867–1917 of the Reichstag and the individual state parliaments. Publication distribution center of the National Liberal Party of Germany, Berlin 1917.

Web links

• Oskar von Stobäus in the parliamentary database at the House of Bavarian History
• City of Lindau. Honorary Citizen - Short Biography of Stobäus'

Individual evidence

1. ^ Karl Bauer: Regensburg Art, Culture and Everyday History . 6th edition. MZ-Buchverlag in H. Gietl Verlag & Publication Service GmbH, Regenstauf 2014, ISBN 978-3-86646-300-4 , p. 744 .
2. ^ ^{A b} Dieter Albrecht: Regensburg im Wandel, studies on the history of the city in the 19th and 20th centuries . In: Museums and Archives of the City of Regensburg (Hrsg.): Studies and sources on the history of Regensburg . tape 2 . Mittelbayerische Druckerei und Verlags-Gesellschaft mbH, Regensburg 1984, ISBN 3-921114-11-X , p. 161, 162 .
3. ^ Karl Bauer: Regensburg Art, Culture and Everyday History . 6th edition. MZ-Buchverlag in H. Gietl Verlag & Publication Service GmbH, Regenstauf 2014, ISBN 978-3-86646-300-4 , p. 430 .
4. ^ Karl Bauer: Regensburg Art, Culture and Everyday History . 6th edition. MZ-Buchverlag in H. Gietl Verlag & Publication Service GmbH, Regenstauf 2014, ISBN 978-3-86646-300-4 , p. 349-351 .
5. ^ Karl Bauer: Regensburg Art, Culture and Everyday History . 6th edition. MZ-Buchverlag in H. Gietl Verlag & Publication Service GmbH, Regenstauf 2014, ISBN 978-3-86646-300-4 , p. 597 .
6. ^ Karl Bauer: Regensburg Art, Culture and Everyday History . 6th edition. MZ-Buchverlag in H. Gietl Verlag & Publication Service GmbH, Regenstauf 2014, ISBN 978-3-86646-300-4 , p. 339 f .
7. ↑ Dieter Albrecht: Regensburg im Wandel, studies on the history of the city in the 19th and 20th centuries . In: Museums and Archives of the City of Regensburg (Hrsg.): Studies and sources on the history of Regensburg . tape 2 . Mittelbayerische Verlags-Gesellschaft mbH, Regensburg 1984, ISBN 3-921114-11-X , p. 152 .
8. ↑ Dieter Albrecht: Regensburg im Wandel, studies on the history of the city in the 19th and 20th centuries . In: Museums and Archives of the City of Regensburg (Hrsg.): Studies and sources on the history of Regensburg . tape 2 . Mittelbayerische Verlags-Gesellschaft mbH, Regensburg 1984, ISBN 3-921114-11-X , p. 191 .
9. ^ Karl Bauer: Regensburg Art, Culture and Everyday History . 6th edition. MZ-Buchverlag in H. Gietl Verlag & Publication Service GmbH, Regenstauf 2014, ISBN 978-3-86646-300-4 , p. 175, 543 .
10. ^ Karl Bauer: Regensburg Art, Culture and Everyday History . 6th edition. MZ-Buchverlag in H. Gietl Verlag & Publication Service GmbH, Regenstauf 2014, ISBN 978-3-86646-300-4 , p. 22nd ff., 31 .
11. ^ ^{A b} Dieter Albrecht: Regensburg im Wandel, studies on the history of the city in the 19th and 20th centuries . In: Museums and Archives of the City of Regensburg (Hrsg.): Studies and sources on the history of Regensburg . tape 2 . Mittelbayerische Verlags-Gesellschaft mbH, Regensburg 1984, ISBN 3-921114-11-X , p. 191-194 .
12. ^ ^{A b} Dieter Albrecht: Regensburg im Wandel, studies on the history of the city in the 19th and 20th centuries . In: Museums and Archives of the City of Regensburg (Hrsg.): Studies and sources on the history of Regensburg . tape 2 . Mittelbayerische Verlags-Gesellschaft mbH, Regensburg 1984, ISBN 3-921114-11-X , p. 186 ff., .
13. ^ ^{A b} Dieter Albrecht: Regensburg im Wandel, studies on the history of the city in the 19th and 20th centuries . In: Museums and Archives of the City of Regensburg (Hrsg.): Studies and sources on the history of Regensburg . tape 2 . Mittelbayerische Verlags-Gesellschaft mbH, Regensburg 1984, ISBN 3-921114-11-X , p. 9-11 181-183 .
14. ^ ^{A b} Dieter Albrecht: Regensburg im Wandel, studies on the history of the city in the 19th and 20th centuries . In: Museums and Archives of the City of Regensburg (Hrsg.): Studies and sources on the history of Regensburg . tape 2 . Mittelbayerische Verlags-Gesellschaft mbH, Regensburg 1984, ISBN 3-921114-11-X , p. 183-186 .
15. ^ Karl Bauer: Regensburg Art, Culture and Everyday History . 6th edition. MZ-Buchverlag in H. Gietl Verlag & Publication Service GmbH, Regenstauf 2014, ISBN 978-3-86646-300-4 , p. 463, 464 .
16. ↑ Dieter Albrecht: Regensburg im Wandel, studies on the history of the city in the 19th and 20th centuries . In: Museums and Archives of the City of Regensburg (Hrsg.): Studies and sources on the history of Regensburg . tape 2 . Mittelbayerische Verlags-Gesellschaft mbH, Regensburg 1984, ISBN 3-921114-11-X , p. 209-214 .
17. ↑ Eugen Trapp: Domplatz, The return of the king . In: City of Regensburg, Office for Archives and Preservation of Monuments (ed.): Preservation of monuments in Regensburg . tape 12 . Friedrich Pustet, Regensburg 2011, ISBN 978-3-7917-2371-6 , pp. 130-134 .
18. ^ Honorary citizen of Regensburg

Remarks

1. ↑ founded in 1805 for the production of so-called Turkish cups, which were shipped across the Danube to Turkey. Then multiple changes of ownership
2. ↑ In 1836 the Pustet company built a paper mill outside the urban area of ​​Regensburg and began the industrial production of continuous paper webs.
3. ↑ The construction of a new sugar factory with an associated workers' settlement in Ostheim (Regensburg) took place in 1899 while Stobäus was still in office.
4. ↑ Checkigerstr. Dr. Johann Maier-Str., Stahlzwingerweg, Prebrunnstrasse,
5. ↑ Wiesmeierweg, Wittelsbacher Str., Petersweg, Fuchsengang, Kumpfmühler Str., Augustenstrasse, Von der Tann Str., D. Martin-Luther-Str.
6. ↑ The new construction of the station became necessary after newly planned railway lines required a major change in the track layout.
7. ↑ The name was changed after the Park Hotel was built in 1899 at the southern end of Maximilianstrasse . The western Maxtor was lost when the hotel was rebuilt. The eastern Maxtor only disappeared in 1955 when a new high-rise was built after the war.
8. ↑ Bruderwöhrdstr. Adolf Schmetzerstr.
9. ↑ z. B. Luitpoldstr. Reichsstrasse Weißenburgstr., Hemauerstr., Wittelsbacherstr., Stobäusplatz,
10. ↑ z. B. Wittelbacherstr., Dech Bettenerstr., Dr. Johann-Maier-Str. . Prebrunnstr. ,Prüfungingerstr. Stobäusplatz,
11. ↑ Kumpfmühlerstr. ,Prüfungeningerstr. Galgenbergstr., Landshuterstr., Adolf-Schmetzer-Str.
12. ↑ 260 children, 3 teachers for boys, 3 teachers for girls
13. ↑ 1000 children, 8 teachers for boys, 6 teachers (nuns) for girls
14. ↑ 850 children, 8 teachers for boys, 6 teachers (nuns) for girls
15. ↑ In 1854/6 the shipyard was expanded so that several ships could spend the winter. The harbor basin was filled with rubble in 1967/68. The site now serves as a parking lot