Paul Gautsch from Frankenthurn

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Paul Gautsch Freiherr von Frankenthurn (born February 26, 1851 in Döbling , Austrian Empire , † April 20, 1918 in Vienna , Austria-Hungary ) was an Austrian politician and several times Imperial and Royal Prime Minister .

Paul Gautsch from Frankenthurn

Life

Paul Gautsch was the son of a police superintendent and attended the Vienna elite high school Theresianum . After studying law at the University of Vienna , which he graduated sub auspiciis imperatoris, Gautsch began to work as a civil servant in the Ministry of Education in 1874.

In 1881 he was appointed director of the Theresianum. In 1885 he was appointed Minister for Cult and Education by Emperor Franz Joseph I in the Taaffe II Ministry , the government of Eduard Taaffe . He remained in this position until Taaffe was overthrown in November 1893.

In 1882 he was a co-signer of Franz von Liszt's Marburg program . In 1890 Gautsch was raised to the rank of baron and appointed minister of education for the second time from 1895 to 1897 by the emperor in the government led by Kasimir Felix Badeni , the Badeni Ministry. From 1895 he was a member of the Herrenhaus , the upper house of the Austrian Imperial Council . Politically, he was considered a representative of the Catholic restoration and an opponent of German nationalism .

Prime Minister

Gautsch served three times for a short time as Prime Minister of transitional governments: from November 30, 1897 to March 5, 1898 ( Ministry of Gautsch I ), from January 1, 1905 to May 1, 1906 ( Ministry of Gautsch II ) and again from March 28 , 1898 . June to November 3, 1911 ( Ministry of Gautsch III ). In his first term of office he also served as Minister of the Interior.

His first term in a purely civil service ministry was marked by the deep domestic political crisis that the Baden language regulation had triggered. When it was appointed on November 30, 1897, the Imperial Council had been postponed by the Emperor for three days due to the political dispute between the Germans and Slavs of Cisleithaniens (still at Badeni's proposal) and was not convened again until March 21, 1898 at his suggestion.

In the meantime, Gautsch ruled with the help of the emperor through imperial decrees , emergency decrees signed by the monarch and the entire government with the force of law. They had to be confirmed by Parliament after it met again. If this confirmation was not given, the regulation expired.

Because of protests in Prague against the removal of Badeni, Gautsch declared a state of emergency there . His attempt to find a pragmatic solution to the conflict by relaxing the regulation failed. His suggestion that every civil servant in Bohemia and Moravia should have a command of the languages ​​required for service left too many interpretations open.

Under the next but one government, Prime Minister Clary-Aldringen , the language regulations were finally repealed, but the conflict between Germans and Czechs was not resolved until 1918.

After his resignation from 1899 to 1904, Gautsch took over the management of the Supreme Audit Office and in 1905 was again appointed Imperial and Royal Prime Minister by Franz Joseph I. This time, too, his term of office did not last long: because his project for an electoral reform met resistance from the bourgeois and conservative parliamentary majority, he resigned in the spring of 1906. This time, too, it was only a successor, Max Wladimir von Beck , who was able to implement Gautsch's reform proposals in the summer of 1906. Then Gautsch was again President of the Court of Auditors.

For the third time, Gautsch was appointed Imperial and Royal Prime Minister on June 28, 1911, again in a tense domestic situation. His predecessor Richard von Bienerth-Schmerling had not found a majority capable of governing in parliament, mainly due to the differences between German and Czech MPs. After the price riot , triggered by poor harvests and increased food prices, Gautsch gave up on November 3, 1911. After 1911 Gautsch continued to work politically as a member of the manor house, in various delegations, as the emperor's confidante. He died in the spring of 1918, half a year before the monarchy fell apart.

Gautsch was the namesake of the Austrian Lloyd's passenger ship Baron Gautsch , which ran into a minefield in August 1914. The disaster killed 147 people.

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b c Gautsch von Frankenthurn Paul Frh .. In: Österreichisches Biographisches Lexikon 1815–1950 (ÖBL). Volume 1, Publishing House of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna 1957, p. 413 f. (Direct links on p. 413 , p. 414 ).
  2. ^ A b c Johann Christoph Allmayer-Beck:  Gautsch von Frankenthurn, Paul Freiherr. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 6, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1964, ISBN 3-428-00187-7 , p. 108 f. ( Digitized version ).
  3. ↑ Gabriele Johanna Eder (ed.): Alexius Meinong and Guido Adler. A friendship in letters. (= Studies on Austrian Philosophy. Volume 24) Rodopi, Amsterdam 1995, ISBN 90-5183-867-0 , pp. 13 and 24
  4. ↑ entry in Meyer lexicon on Zeno.org
  5. ↑ a b Erich Zöllner: History of Austria. From the beginning to the present. Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag, Munich 1990, ISBN 3-486-46708-5 , p. 431
  6. ^ Jörg Konrad Hoensch: History of Bohemia. From the Slavic conquest to the present . Verlag Beck, Munich 1997³, ISBN 3-406-41694-2 , p. 394
  7. ^ Jiří Kořalka : The development of the economic middle class in the Bohemian lands in the 19th century . In: Peter Heumos (Ed.): Poland and the Bohemian countries in the 19th and 20th centuries. Politics and society in comparison. Lectures at the conference of the Collegium Carolinum in Bad Wiessee from November 15 to 17, 1991 . Verlag Oldenbourg, Munich 1997, ISBN 3-486-56021-2 , pp. 57-80, here: p. 71.
  8. ^ Entry on Paul Gautsch von Frankenthurn in the Austria Forum  (in the AEIOU Austria Lexicon )

Web links

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personal data
SURNAME Gautsch von Frankenthurn, Paul
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Gautsch Freiherr von Frankenthurn, Paul; Gautsch, Paul
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Austrian politician and Prime Minister
DATE OF BIRTH February 26, 1851
PLACE OF BIRTH Dobling
DATE OF DEATH April 20, 1918
Place of death Vienna