Peperomies

Peperomies
Peperomia leptostachya
Systematics
Class : Bedecktsamer (Magnoliopsida) Magnoliids Order : Peppery (Piperales) Family : Pepper family (Piperaceae) Subfamily : Piperoideae Genre : Peperomies
Scientific name
Peperomia
Ruiz & Pav.

The peperomia ( Peperomia ), also called "dwarf pepper ", are a genus of plants within the family of the pepper plants (Piperaceae). The 1500 to 1700 species are distributed almost everywhere in the tropics .

description

Peperomia species grow as annual or perennial herbaceous plants of various sizes and shapes. They thrive epiphytically , lithophytically, or terrestrially, and many species are succulent plants. Most species only reach heights of about 30 centimeters. The mostly thick and often fleshy shoot axes grow upright to creeping. In many species roots are formed at the nodes . The vegetative parts of the plant can be smooth or covered with hairs or glands. The alternate, opposite or whorled leaves are simple and often fleshy with very different leaf shapes. Some species have very decorative leaves.

Mignonette peperomy ( Peperomia fraseri )

Many flowers sit in terminal, rarely lateral, usually upright, spiky inflorescences on more or less long inflorescence shafts. The bracts are usually circular or shield-shaped. The sessile, usually very small flowers are hermaphroditic. There are only two stamens with short stamens. The Upper constant ovary is unicompartmental with a single ovule . The stylus usually ends in a simple, rarely two-branched scar.

Very small nut fruits are formed, which are often typically curved and have a warty or net-like surface.

Systematics and distribution

The genus Peperomia was established in 1794 by Hipólito Ruiz López and José Antonio Pavón y Jiménez in Florae Peruvianae, et Chilensis Prodromus , 8, plate 2. Peperomia secunda Ruiz & Pav. Was specified as the lectotype species by Nathaniel Lord Britton in Flora of Bermuda , p. 94 in 1918 .

The genus Peperomia belongs to the family Piperaceae; it was placed in its own family Peperomiaceae. A division of the genus into nine sub-genera and seven sections goes back to Dahlstedt 1900.

The 1500 to 1700 Peperomia species are distributed worldwide over the tropical and subtropical areas. A focus of biodiversity is in Central and South America . There are 390 species in Peru , 254 in Colombia , 237 in Ecuador , 155 in Costa Rica , 117 in Mexico , 43 in Hispaniola , 39 in Madagascar , 24 in the Philippines , 20 on the African continent and 5 in Australia . Peperomia species have very different areas of distribution. Some of the species are endemic .

Many species are endangered, for example about 50 Peperomia species are listed in the IUCN's Red List of Endangered Species . Peperomia albovittata , Peperomia cordilimba , Peperomia dauleana , Peperomia glandulosa , Peperomia guayaquilensis , Peperomia leucorrhachis , Peperomia Litana , Peperomia micromerioides , Peperomia mitchelioides , Peperomia parvilimba , Peperomia peploides , Peperomia petraea , Peperomia stenostachya and Peperomia tablahuasiana apply in 2014 at the IUCN as "extinction threatened "( critically endangered ). Few species are considered extinct, such as Peperomia rossii .

use

Peperomia blanda and Peperomia tetraphylla are used in Chinese medicine .

Many species, some also because of its attractive leaf jewelry because of their beautiful inflorescences as ornamental uses: Silverleaf-Peperomie ( Peperomia Argyreia ), wrinkled Peperomie ( Peperomia caperata ) mignonettes-Peperomie ( Peperomia fraseri ), cypress Peperomie ( Peperomia glabella ), Ivy-leaved Peperomia ( Peperomia griseoargentea ), Fleshy Peperomy ( Peperomia obtusifolia ). All species need a warm climate and cannot tolerate frost or permanent moisture in the substrate . They can be used in subtropical to tropical parks and gardens, as well as indoor plants .

swell

• Yung-chien Tseng, Nianhe Xia, Michael G. Gilbert: Piperaceae. : Peperomia. , P. 129 - online with the same text as the printed work , Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven (Ed.): Flora of China. Volume 4: Cycadaceae through Fagaceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 1999. ISBN 0-915279-70-3 (Sections Description, Usage and Systematics)
• David E. Boufford: Piperaceae. : Peperomia. - Same text online as the printed work , Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico. Volume 3: Magnoliidae and Hamamelidae , Oxford University Press, New York and Oxford, 1997. ISBN 0-19-511246-6 (section description)
• G. Mathieu: The Internet Peperomia Reference , www.peperomia.net , 2001-2014. (English)

Individual evidence

1. ^ Peperomia at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed on August 28, 2014.
2. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao} Peperomia in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN ), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved June 2, 2018.
3. ^ ^{A b} Guido Mathieu: The Internet Peperomia Reference , www.peperomia.net , 2001-2014.
4. ^ Search for "Peperomia" in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species .
5. ↑ Yung-chien Tseng, Nianhe Xia, Michael G. Gilbert: Piperaceae. : Peperomia. , P. 129 - online with the same text as the printed work , Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven (Ed.): Flora of China. Volume 4: Cycadaceae through Fagaceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 1999. ISBN 0-915279-70-3
6. ↑ Walter Erhardt , Erich Götz, Nils Bödeker, Siegmund Seybold: The great zander. Encyclopedia of Plant Names. Volume 2. Types and varieties. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2008, ISBN 978-3-8001-5406-7 .
7. ↑ Gordon Cheers (Ed.): Botanica. The ABC of plants. 10,000 species in text and images . Könemann Verlagsgesellschaft, 2003, ISBN 3-8331-1600-5 (therein page 653).

further reading

• Stefan Wanke, Marie-Stéphanie Samain, Liesbeth Vanderschaeve, Guido Mathieu, Paul Goetghebeur, Christoph Neinhuis : Phylogeny of the genus Peperomia (Piperaceae) inferred from the trnK / matK region (cpDNA) . In: Plant Biology . tape 8 , 2006, p. 93-102 , doi : 10.1055 / s-2005-873060 .
• Marie-Stéphanie Samain, Liesbeth Vanderschaeve, Peter Chaerle, Paul Goetghebeur, Christoph Neinhuis, Stefan Wanke: Is morphology telling the truth about the evolution of the species rich genus Peperomia (Piperaceae)? In: Plant Systematics and Evolution . Volume 280, Issue 3–4, 2009, pp. 251-254 .

Web links

Commons : Peperomia ( Peperomia )  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

 Map with all linked sites: OSM | WikiMap