RAL color

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
RAL Classic color fan deck

The RAL color refers to standardized colors that RAL gGmbH (a subsidiary of the RAL German Institute for Quality Assurance and Labeling ) creates and manages.

This is a series of color systems and color catalogs used worldwide, each of which includes a range of standardized colors (digital and printed). Each color is assigned a unique number. In this way, for example, the color of paints and varnishes can be precisely communicated without having to provide a color sample.

RAL Classic

RAL Classic colors grid

The best known is the color collection of the RAL numbers, which the RAL Institute sells under the name RAL Classic. It is a color table that was first created in 1927 by the previous organization, the Reich Committee for Delivery Conditions . The color collection contains 213 shades, originally for water-soluble paints , and is used by many manufacturers for products and brands in order to facilitate color communication and ensure a long-lasting color impression.

Each color in the color catalog is assigned a four-digit color number. This standardization goes back to a table of 40 colors that was drawn up in 1927 by the Reich Committee for Delivery Conditions (RAL). The purpose of standardization is that the customer and supplier only have to exchange a RAL number and not a color sample on a defined material.

Various criteria must be met for another color to be included in the catalog. On the one hand, the color must be timeless and subject to an overriding public interest. Furthermore, the color must be able to be produced in an environmentally friendly and weatherproof manner, have a high covering power and there must be a visible difference to existing colors. Mostly, new shades of German large companies were added. For example, in 1992 the Telekom colors : "Telemagenta", "Telegrau 1" and "Telegrau 2" were added.

Around 1940 the RAL colors were changed to the four-digit system, as is customary. Army camouflage colors were always recognized until 1944 by a “7” or “8” in the first place.

The color samples are executed in two presentations:

  • Color register RAL 840-HR with matt surface
  • Color register RAL 841-GL with glossy surface.

RAL design system

RAL design color fan (1625 colors)

The RAL design system was introduced in 1993. It comprises 1625 standardized colors, which are described with coordinates in the CIELab color space .

The structure of the RAL design color system follows the internationally used Lab color measurement system established by the Commission International d'Eclairage (CIE) in 1976. In contrast to the RAL Classic color collection, the colors here are systematically classified according to hue (H, Hue), brightness (L, Lightness) and chroma (C, Chroma).

RAL Effect

RAL Effect fan with 490 colors

The RAL Effect color catalog has been sold since April 2007. With 420 uni and 70 metallic shades, it includes significantly more colors than the traditional RAL color catalog, but also takes ecological aspects into account.

The collection of samples is produced on the one hand on the basis of water-based paints , on the other hand no pigments containing heavy metals such as lead chromate or cadmium sulfide were used in the formulation.

RAL Plastics

The RAL-Plastics-Box with 100 color samples made of PP

In October 2010, RAL Plastics, a separate color collection for plastics, was introduced. It comprises the 100 most frequently requested colors from the RAL Classic color fan and is to be gradually expanded.

The color samples consist of DIN A6-sized polypropylene panels , which have three different surface structures and three levels of panel thickness.

RAL color software

A software (RAL Digital) makes the color catalogs available digitally. The RAL gGmbH publishes the color trend book “RAL Color Feeling” at regular intervals and is the publisher of the books “Das Farbwörterbuch”, “Farben der Gesundheit” and “Farben der Hotels”.

Color table

Color table according to RAL Classic, in the standard sorting according to color groups, as marked by the leading position (1000 = yellow tones, 2000 = orange tones, 3000 = red tones etc.).

  • Many RAL colors on monitors and printers due to the different device color spaces not uniform represented only by approximations given.
  • The RRGGBB color code (sRGB) used is displayed when the mouse pointer is moved over the "Color sample" field.
  • The device-independent CIE L * a * b * color values ​​are specified (with gloss, D65, 10 °).
  • In the fourth column, selected, generally known uses of the respective RAL color are named, knowledge of which can give the user a color idea.

Yellow and beige

number Surname Color sample CIE L * a * b * Description, examples
RAL 1000 Green beige 80 1 24 1932 to 1939/1940: RAL 20 h
RAL 1001 beige 78 6th 23 1932 to 1939/1940: RAL 20 m
RAL 1002 Sand yellow 77 7th 33 1932 to 1939/1940: RAL 15 h
RAL 1003 Signal yellow 79 17th 79 together with signal red pipeline marking for gas pipes , DIN 4844 safety marking for warning, caution or note, this number was originally RAL 1023 listed.
RAL 1004 Golden yellow 71.42 15.28 69.28 Corporate color of Swiss Post, protected by trademark
RAL 1005 Honey yellow 69 13 70 1932 to 1939/1940: RAL 22 a
RAL 1006 Corn yellow 72 20th 74 1932 to 1939/1940: RAL 23
RAL 1007 Daffodil yellow 72 24 74 1932 to 1939/1940: RAL 27
hiking trail signage Switzerland
RAL 1011 Brown beige 59.92 11.35 29.17
RAL 1012 Lemon yellow 75.04 4.64 61.31
RAL 1013 Pearl white 90 1 9 "Electric white", the original standard color for electrical installations (light switches, sockets, cable ducts)
RAL 1014 ivory 84 4th 21st Color of many vehicles in disaster control
RAL 1015 Light ivory 88 3 14th Mandatory for taxis in West Germany since 1971 , repealed in some federal states
RAL 1016 Sulfur yellow 88.37 −9.78 71.30 Euro yellow, partly the color of rescue service vehicles
RAL 1017 Saffron yellow 76.32 19.37 51.02
RAL 1018 Zinc yellow 83.35 3.46 75.83
RAL 1019 Gray beige 62.62 4.31 12.94
RAL 1020 Olive yellow 61.98 0.39 23.18
RAL 1021 Rapeseed yellow 82 10 80 formerly “ Cadmium Yellow ”, color of the Austrian Post , the German Federal Post 1972–1980, ADAC vehicles , until 2007 identification color for gas pipes
RAL 1023 Traffic yellow 82 11 80 When it was introduced in 1939/1940, color was listed under the number 1003
RAL 1024 Ocher yellow 64.26 8.49 41.49
RAL 1026 Luminous yellow 97 −15 90
RAL 1027 Curry yellow 58.15 5.83 47.68
RAL 1028 Melon yellow 77 25th 78 Lufthansa’s corporate color since 1979, “gold” of the German flag
RAL 1032 Gorse yellow 76 11 76 Color of the Deutsche Bundespost since 1980, from 1998 of the Deutsche Post AG
RAL 1033 Dahlia yellow 71.74 27.78 71.68
RAL 1034 Pastel yellow 72.73 21.40 45.09
RAL 1035 Pearl beige 54.79 0.35 11.86
RAL 1036 Pearl gold 48.95 4.77 26.69
RAL 1037 Sun yellow 70.28 26.19 64.79

orange

number Surname Color sample CIE L * a * b * Description, examples
RAL 2000 Yellow orange 64 33 69 1932 to 1939/1940: RAL 25
RAL 2001 Red orange 53 41 51 1932 to 1939/1940: RAL 6
RAL 2002 Blood orange 47.74 47.87 33.73
RAL 2003 Pastel orange 66.02 41.22 52.36
RAL 2004 Pure orange 56.89 50.34 49.81 Vehicles of the ABC and telecommunications service in extended disaster control in Germany,
emergency telephones on Swiss motorways
RAL 2005 Bright orange 72.27 87.78 82.31
RAL 2007 Bright orange 76.86 47.87 97.63
RAL 2008 Light red orange 60.33 46.91 60.52
RAL 2009 Traffic orange 55.83 47.79 48.83
RAL 2010 Signal orange 55.39 40.10 42.42
RAL 2011 Deep orange 65 35 68 Road maintenance vehicles ( road / autobahn maintenance service ) in Germany (colloquially communal orange )
RAL 2012 Salmon orange 57.75 40.28 30.66
RAL 2013 Pearl orange 40.73 32.14 34.92

red

number Surname Color sample CIE L * a * b * Description, examples
RAL 3000 Fire red 44 50 39 Color of fire engines in various German federal states
RAL 3001 Signal red 41 49 33 Prohibition sign (DIN 5381), fire protection sign ( DIN 5381)
RAL 3002 Carmine 41 49 35
RAL 3003 Ruby red 36 47 27 Signposts for Velo, MTB and FäG routes in Switzerland
RAL 3004 Purple 31 38 18th 1932 to 1939/1940: RAL 47
RAL 3005 Wine red 26th 33 15th 1932 to 1939/1940: RAL 10
RAL 3007 Black red 23 17th 7th 1932 to 1939/1940: RAL 40
RAL 3009 Oxide red 29.27 24.59 16.51
RAL 3011 Brownish red 34.52 28.66 13.44
RAL 3012 Beige red 63.81 20.79 20.45
RAL 3013 Tomato red 40.70 36.67 21.37
RAL 3014 Dusty pink 60.17 32.49 12.58
RAL 3015 Light pink 71.23 21.59 4.98
RAL 3016 Coral red 44.70 37.92 23.96
RAL 3017 Rose 54.24 44.26 16.87
RAL 3018 Strawberry red 50.77 49.15 19.86
RAL 3020 Traffic red 46 59 54 Traffic signs , veterinary services, locomotives of the Austrian Federal Railways (ÖBB), from 1996 locomotives and wagons of the Deutsche Bahn AG, red of the flag of Germany , color of fire engines (according to DIN 14502-3: 2015-12)
RAL 3022 Salmon red 56.06 38.90 29.70
RAL 3024 Bright red 51.32 82.52 71.62 Color of many fire brigade and rescue vehicles , signal painting of rescue cruisers and rescue boats of the DGzRS
RAL 3026 Bright red 59 70 59 Color of many fire and rescue vehicles
RAL 3027 Raspberry red 43.07 46.96 15.81
RAL 3028 Pure red 51 58 46 in shipping for traffic safety ( shipping signs )
RAL 3031 Oriental red 46 45 25th Main color of the locomotives (from 1987 to 1996) of the Deutsche Bundesbahn
RAL 3032 Pearl ruby ​​red 26.88 41.34 19.40
RAL 3033 Pearl pink 44.29 45.11 28.62

violet

number Surname Color sample CIE L * a * b * Description, examples
RAL 4001 Red purple 49.10 17.35 −12.85
RAL 4002 Red-violet 41.91 30.05 5.67
RAL 4003 Heather violet 54.25 44.66 −5.02
RAL 4004 Bordeaux violet 32.22 24.83 0.06 Color of the cover of the passport of an EU member state
RAL 4005 Blue purple 50.92 15.38 −23.06
RAL 4006 Traffic purple 42.38 39.48 −14.94
RAL 4007 Purple violet 30.05 13.16 −5.10
RAL 4008 Signal violet 40.76 32.53 −20.56
RAL 4009 Pastel purple 60.59 10.38 −2.88
RAL 4010 Telemagenta 50.39 48.95 −4.24 Deutsche Telekom color
RAL 4011 Pearl violet 47.92 18.89 −20.83
RAL 4012 Pearl blackberry 46.33 7.27 −11.94

blue

number Surname Color sample CIE L * a * b * Description, examples
RAL 5000 Violet blue 32.59 −1.28 −21.69
RAL 5001 Green Blue 37 −16 −21 1932 to 1939/1940: RAL 32
RAL 5002 Ultramarine blue 31 2 −43 1932 to 1939/1940: RAL 32 h, signal color for notes Schutzp (DIN 4844), technical aid organization
RAL 5003 Sapphire blue 30.53 −0.37 −16.68 Color of the electric and diesel multiple units of the Austrian Federal Railways (ÖBB) until around 1980 (together with RAL 1014 "ivory")
RAL 5004 Black blue 16 0 −9 1932 to 1939/1940: RAL 33, German police: emergency suits, matt color for devices and equipment
RAL 5005 Signal blue 40 −11 −35 Mandatory signs, information signs (DIN 5381)
RAL 5007 Brilliant blue 46.37 −6.24 −21.71
RAL 5008 Gray-blue 32.00 −2.09 −6.07
RAL 5009 Azure blue 41.22 −9.56 −18.34
RAL 5010 Gentian blue 39 −12 −32 Signal color for (teaching) command (DIN 4844), Lufthansa company color 1955–1962
RAL 5011 Steel blue 23 −4 −15 Locomotives and passenger cars of the Deutsche Bundesbahn, color of many German police uniforms , matt color for helmets
RAL 5012 Light blue 55.62 −13.84 −30.72
RAL 5013 Cobalt blue 26th -2 −26 Locomotives and passenger cars of the Deutsche Bundesbahn
RAL 5014 Pigeon blue 53.79 −2.64 −15.59
RAL 5015 Sky blue 51.13 −12.69 −34.21 Alpine hiking trail signage Switzerland
RAL 5017 Traffic blue 34.82 −13.49 −36.36 German police: vehicle paintwork with silver and white
RAL 5018 Turquoise blue 55.13 −27.27 −8.47
RAL 5019 Capri blue 41.18 −9.97 −25.87
RAL 5020 Ocean blue 32.30 −13.01 −9.39
RAL 5021 Water blue 47.15 −29.26 −9.32
RAL 5022 Midnight blue 26th 6th −30 Blue in the Lufthansa logo
RAL 5023 Distant blue 47.64 −2.96 −21.18
RAL 5024 Pastel blue 60.50 −9.53 −17.38
RAL 5025 Pearl gentian 35.93 −11.81 −16.28
RAL 5026 Pearl night blue 16.00 7.84 −29.10

green

number Surname Color sample CIE L * a * b * Description, examples
RAL 6000 Patina green 51 −24 3 Signal color for rescue, safety ( DIN 4844 )
RAL 6001 Emerald green 46 −27 22nd
RAL 6002 Foliage green 41 −24 24 1932 to 1939/1940: RAL 27, signal color for first aid and emergency exit (DIN 4844)
RAL 6003 olive green 42 −5 13 Stain paint for motor vehicles and guns of the German army from February 1943 (basic color dark yellow), comparable with NVA color shade chlorobuna green SM (2425 TGL 21196)
RAL 6004 Blue green 32 -24 −6 1932 to 1939/1940: RAL 31
RAL 6005 Moss green 31 −25 4th 1932 to 1939/1940: RAL 26, font color for informational signs
RAL 6006 Gray olive 31 0 8th 1932 to 1939/1940: RAL 3
RAL 6007 Bottle green 26th −6 11 1932 to 1939/1940: RAL 28, originally introduced under the name "Moosgrün"
RAL 6008 Brown Green 29 0 8th
RAL 6009 Fir green 27 −9 5 1932 to 1939/1940: RAL 30, color of the German police until 1975
RAL 6010 Green grass 50 −21 25th
RAL 6011 Reseda green 57 −11 16 Base coat of many machines (DIN 1844)
RAL 6012 Black green 32 −7 0 until 1994 for closed associations of the Federal Border Guard
RAL 6013 Reed green 57 −1 15th
RAL 6014 Yellow olive 35 1 9 until 1984 generally for vehicles and equipment of the German armed forces
RAL 6015 Black olive 33 −1 5
RAL 6016 Turquoise green 45 −37 6th
RAL 6017 May green 56 −23 28 Used by Bündnis 90 / Die Grünen party .
RAL 6018 Yellow-green 63 −31 39
RAL 6019 White green 84 −10 12
RAL 6020 Chrome oxide green 34 −9 11
RAL 6021 Pale green 67 −9 14th
RAL 6022 Brown olive 29 2 10
RAL 6024 Traffic green 53 −45 14th DIN 6171 oversight colors for traffic signs, color of the green bin
RAL 6025 Fern green 51 −13 26th
RAL 6026 Opal green 42 −33 0
RAL 6027 Light green 76 −19 −4
RAL 6028 Pine green 40 −18 6th
RAL 6029 Mint green 47 −43 17th Federal border police for associations (from 1994 to 2005) and individual service (since it was founded), many police forces in the German states have
emergency exit signals on Swiss motorways
RAL 6032 Signal green 53 −39 13 Exit sign (DIN 5381)
RAL 6033 Mint turquoise 58 −23 −4
RAL 6034 Pastel turquoise 72 −16 −6
RAL 6035 Pearl green 35 −30 19th
RAL 6036 Pearl opal green 39 −30 -2
RAL 6037 Pure green 55 −54 39 Traffic safety in shipping ( shipping signs )
RAL 6038 Luminous green 67 −66 56 Traffic safety in shipping (shipping signs)

Gray

number Surname Color sample CIE L * a * b * Description, examples
RAL 7000 Squirrel gray 63 −4 −5 Above water camouflage paint of the German Navy
RAL 7001 Silver gray 63.81 −2.22 −4.05
RAL 7002 Olive gray 58 1 12 1932 to 1939/1940: RAL 1 m
RAL 7003 Moss gray 57 0 7th 1932 to 1939/1940: RAL 1 r
RAL 7004 Signal gray 63.83 0.19 −0.44
RAL 7005 Mouse gray 50.00 −1.55 0.82
RAL 7006 Beige gray 48.53 2.15 7.57
RAL 7008 Khaki gray 49 5 23 originally "gray green"
RAL 7009 Green grey 48 −2 4th 1932 to 1939/1940: RAL 2
RAL 7010 Tent gray 46 −3 3
RAL 7011 Iron gray 41.52 −1.68 −2.72
RAL 7012 Basalt gray 47 −2 −1 Bundeswehr uniform (army jacket)
RAL 7013 Brownish gray 42 1 8th Color of the Austrian Armed Forces , German Armed Forces -Textile color “stone gray-olive” (colloquially “NATO olive”) former moleskin combat suit
RAL 7015 Slate-grey 40.50 −0.25 −3.40
RAL 7016 Anthracite gray 33 −2 −4 1932 to 1939/1940: RAL 4,
RAL 7021 Black-gray 27 −1 −2 1932 to 1939/1940: RAL 46,
RAL 7022 Umbra gray 37.75 −0.07 2.23
RAL 7023 Concrete gray 55.60 −1.45 4.52
RAL 7024 Graphite gray 36.97 −0.13 -3.32
RAL 7026 Granite gray 27.43 −4.01 -3.11
RAL 7030 Stone gray 61.31 −0.26 4.53
RAL 7031 Blue-gray 51 −4 −4 Base coat for machines ( DIN 1843 )
RAL 7032 Pebble gray 77 0 7th Standard color of the FeTAp 611 telephone of the Deutsche Bundespost
RAL 7033 Cement gray 56.78 −3.36 6.32
RAL 7034 Yellow grey 56.86 0.03 14.83
RAL 7035 Light gray 81.29 −1.24 0.79 ICE and long-distance coaches of the Deutsche Bahn
RAL 7036 Platinum gray 63.49 1.27 0.78
RAL 7037 Dusty gray 59 0 0 since 1956 the "light gray" of the Army Aviation Troops
RAL 7038 Agate gray 72.97 −1.50 2.97
RAL 7039 Quartz gray 43.50 0.37 5.56
RAL 7040 Window gray 66.63 −1.17 −2.82
RAL 7042 Traffic gray A 62.58 −1.51 −0.21
RAL 7043 Traffic gray B 40.23 −1.28 0.00
RAL 7044 Silk grey 74.66 −0.04 5.08
RAL 7045 Telegrey 1 60.35 −1.43 −1.84 1992 for the Deutsche Bundespost (Telekom)
RAL 7046 Telegrey 2 57.75 −1.60 −3.00
RAL 7047 Telegrey 4 81.43 0.01 0.10
RAL 7048 Pearl mouse gray 54.55 −0.45 7.59

brown

number Surname Color sample CIE L * a * b * Description, examples
RAL 8000 Green Brown 54 8th 29 1932 to 1939/1940: RAL 16,
RAL 8001 Ocher brown 47.08 18.95 39.87
RAL 8002 Signal brown 45 17th 17th 1932 to 1939/1940: RAL 17, originally introduced under the name "Erdgelb"
RAL 8003 Clay brown 45 18th 33 1932 to 1939/1940: RAL 11
RAL 8004 Copper brown 43.78 22.83 20.22
RAL 8007 Fawn 38.99 12.62 17.08
RAL 8008 Olive brown 35.15 13.22 28.50
RAL 8011 Nut brown 33.98 10.04 10.97
RAL 8012 Red-brown 35 23 17th 1932 to 1939/1940: RAL 13 a
RAL 8014 Sepia brown 32 8th 15th 1932 to 1939/1940: RAL 18 g
RAL 8015 Maroon 33.52 15.02 9.25
RAL 8016 Mahogany brown 21.40 14.37 13.84
RAL 8017 Chocolate brown 29 10 9 1932 to 1939/1940: RAL 19 ,, military designation until 1945: red brown
RAL 8019 Gray-brown 31.46 2.12 1.10
RAL 8022 Black brown 25.08 1.18 0.67
RAL 8023 Orange brown 49.37 24.91 30.25
RAL 8024 Beige brown 38.04 14.14 20.82
RAL 8025 Pale brown 44.00 7.95 11.73
RAL 8028 Terra brown 34.19 5.72 8.58
RAL 8029 Pearl copper 35.06 25.58 27.32

White and black

number Surname Color sample CIE L * a * b * Description, examples
RAL 9001 Creamy white 92 10 9
RAL 9002 Off-white 88 0 4th 1932 to 1939/1940: RAL 1,
RAL 9003 Signal white 94.13 −0.55 0.81
RAL 9004 Signal black 28.66 0.24 −0.66
RAL 9005 Jet black 5 0 −2 1932 to 1939/1940: RAL 5, black of the flag of Germany
RAL 9006 White aluminum 72 0 0 1932 to 1939/1940: RAL 1 h, for the rust protection program of the Deutsche Reichsbahn, not recommended for decorative purposes due to color deviations and special paintwork
RAL 9007 Gray aluminum 55.55 -0.06 2.14 for the rust protection program of the Deutsche Reichsbahn, not recommended for decorative purposes
RAL 9010 Pure white 94.57 −0.47 4.14
RAL 9011 Graphite black 26.54 −0.05 −1.13
RAL 9012 Cleanroom white Newly included in 2020
RAL 9016 Traffic white 95.26 −0.76 2.11
RAL 9017 Traffic black 27.25 0.44 0.51
RAL 9018 Papyrus white 81.34 −2.29 2.96
RAL 9022 Pearl light gray 65.38 −0.43 0.34
RAL 9023 Pearl dark gray 57.32 −0.31 −0.98

Other RAL colors

Separate names

number Surname Color sample Description, examples
RAL 9020 Semi-gloss white compare RAL 9016 traffic white, executed (matt) color to RAL 9010

Colors deleted from the RAL directory

During the revision in 1953, the RAL colors 7017, 7018, 7019, 7020, 7025, 7028, 8010 and 8020 were deleted from the register.

number Surname Color sample Description, examples
RAL 4000 violet 1932 to 1939/1940: RAL 35 m, color of the Deutsche Reichsbahn, e.g. for the luxury train Rheingold
RAL 7018 Blue-gray 1932 to 1939/1940: RAL 4 h, due to the risk of confusion with the current color "blue-gray" RAL 7031
RAL 7027 Gray also “green gray”, introduced in March 1942 for the German Africa Corps with RAL 8020 as a replacement for RAL 8000 and RAL 7008
RAL 7028 Dark yellow Developed around 1940 for tractors and equipment, not until 1942 with RAL number and name, from 1944 for vehicles and equipment
- Dark yellow according to sample Numberless military color, risk of confusion with RAL 7028, basic color of the colored paint for vehicles and guns of the German army from February 1943
RAL 8010 Beaver brown initially intended for the three-colored, colored paint used until 1937, continued to be used in particular for equipment until 1945; 1932 to 1939/1940: RAL 18
RAL 8020 Yellow-brown also as "brown", developed for the German Africa Corps with RAL 7027 as a replacement for RAL 8000 and RAL 7008

Bundeswehr camouflage colors (RAL F9)

The separately managed RAL F9 collection contains the three-color camouflage system introduced by the Bundeswehr in 1984 (bronze green, leather brown, tar black). In 2003, the camouflage colors were also introduced to adapt to desert regions.

number Surname Color sample Description, examples
RAL 6031 Bronze green Camouflage paint for equipment and vehicles of the Bundeswehr, basic color of the flecktarnanstrich
RAL 8027 Leather brown Flecktarn paint on vehicles of the Bundeswehr
RAL 9021 Tar black Flecktarnlackierung on vehicles of the Bundeswehr, is also used as infrared absorbing paint (often wrongly referred to as infrared reflective)
RAL 1039 Sand beige Bundeswehr camouflage paint for desert and steppe regions (less heating of vehicles), paint is washable, but weatherproof after 10–21 days of drying
RAL 1040 Clay beige
RAL 6040 Light olive
RAL 7050 Camouflage gray
RAL 8031 Sandy brown

Gun colors of the Bundeswehr

The weapon colors of the Bundeswehr are linked to the RAL system, but are named differently in service.

Railway colors

Many railway companies specify the color scheme for the locomotives and wagons with RAL numbers. This enables you to achieve a uniform appearance across model series and types.

Remarks

  1. ↑ The color samples framed in white relate to effect colors , i.e. colors in which effect pigments have to be used for the formulation and which are not reproduced on monitors .
  2. ↑ The values ​​listed as CIEL * a * b * color values ​​result from the color reproductions recorded in the previous column and are to be understood as non-binding assistance.

literature

  • Johannes Denecke: camouflages of the German army 1914 until today. Bernard & Graefe, Bonn 1999, ISBN 3-7637-5990-5 .

Web links

Commons : RAL color  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ RAL Classic colors. Retrieved June 25, 2020 .
  2. ↑ RAL-Farben.de: Questions and answers about RAL Classic
  3. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l Due to the differently set playback devices for this website, this color sample representation can only give an approximate impression of the RAL colors.
  4. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak the color card RAL 840 B2 was published from June 1932
  5. ↑ a b the color card 840 R was published by RAL from 1939/1940
  6. ↑ Brand landscape: Swiss Post
  7. ↑ a b c VSS SN 640829a, signaling slow traffic
  8. ↑ bundestag.de: flagging
  9. ↑ Supplementary resolution to the resolution of June 23, 1981 on the introduction of a uniform passport for the representatives of the governments of the Member States of the European Communities meeting in the Council of June 30, 1982 , accessed on January 23, 2017
  10. ↑ Militaerlacke.de: color sample information (olivgruen2425tg)
  11. ↑ by ignoring the metamerism , the color often appeared browner until around 1970, see 6014 old
  12. ↑ Astra: Guideline for signaling safety devices in road tunnels (ASTRA 13010)
  13. ↑ The Army puts an end to 50 Shades of Gray
  14. ↑ Daten.bwb.org 84550065.pdf p. 4.
  15. ↑ a b Note on RAL 9006 and RAL 9007
  16. ↑ RAL 9012 clean room white - The new innovative standard color for clean rooms. Retrieved July 5, 2020 .
  17. ↑ Johannes Denecke: Camouflage paints of the German army 1914 until today. Bernard & Graefe, Bonn 1999, ISBN 3-7637-5990-5 , p. 89.