Reichsforst (Fichtel Mountains)
| Reichsforst | |
|---|---|
 The Fichtel Mountains in northeast Bavaria |
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 Location of the Reich Forest in the Fichtel Mountains |
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| Highest peak | Steinberg ( 705 m above sea level ) |
| location | Bavaria |
| Coordinates | 49 ° 59 ′ N , 12 ° 9 ′ E |
 View from the Steinwald (Platte) to the northeast, including the Elster Mountains, Ore Mountains, Kohlwald and Reichsforst . |
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The realm forest is one to 705 m above sea level. NHN high and densely wooded ridges between Röslausenke and Wondreb-Graben on the southeastern edge of the Fichtelgebirge .
In terms of nature , the Reichsforst belongs to the main unit of the Hohes Fichtelgebirge (394). According to a further subdivision by the Bavarian State Office for the Environment (LfU), the Reichsforst is included in the natural space unit stone forest (394-C) .
geography
location
At 26 km² it is the largest contiguous basalt area in the Fichtelgebirge and is located in the Tirschenreuth and Wunsiedel districts (north-east Bavaria). This landscape is delimited in the east by Glasmühlbach and Feisnitz to the Kohlwald and in the west by the Pechbrunn-Groschlattengrün valley with the A 93 motorway , the valley of the Seibertsbach and Rohrbach and the Weiden – Oberkotzau railway to the Steinwald .
A special feature is known as Northern Stone Forest called bad luck Buda Forest , the area both shares in the Stone Forest and has the Imperial Forest.
Until 1995 it was a municipality-free area with an area of 10,889 km².
mountains
Noteworthy volcanic ruins in the Reichsforst and its neighborhood are from east to west (heights in m above sea level):
Konnsberg (613 m), Lehenbühl (620 m), Gommelberg (567 m), Gulgberg (579 m), Streuleite (582 m), Steinbühl (575 m), Büchlberg (651 m; secondary summit with ski lift and summer toboggan run), Hirschentanz ( 644 m; quarry), Elmberg (618 m), Finkenberg (607 m), Preisberg (636 m), Ruheberg (693 m; nature reserve), Steinhügel (677 m), Steinberg (705 m; highest elevation in the Reichsforst) and Wappenstein (672 m; natural monument).
Some mountain names used up to the 18th century, such as Dornberg, Boreckberg or Pastleiten (Pabstleit [h] en or Papstleit [h] en?), Can no longer be found in today's maps.
topography
Today's Reichsforst is the remainder of the much larger Königsforst , which included the forests of Selb , Marktleuthen , Liebenstein , Altkinsberg , Arzberg , Seußen , Brand and Wölsau . In 1306, King Albrecht entrusted Albrecht VI, who came from the Egerland ministry , with the administration of the forest as a hereditary forester's office . Emergency. 1310 was King Henry VII. The family Nothafft the supervision of the Imperial Forest . Later parts of the imperial fiefdom passed to aristocratic lords and the margraves of Brandenburg-Kulmbach-Bayreuth also acquired parts of the forest area. Waldsassen Abbey also received parts of the Reichswald. The forests of the Reichsforstes today mainly belong to the Bavarian state, the forestry company Waldsassen is responsible.
Hiking trails marked by the Fichtelgebirgsverein lead from the following places to the basalt elevations: Marktredwitz, Brand bei Marktredwitz, Feisnitzstausee hiking car park (Arzberg), Konnersreuth and Großbüchlberg .
Waters
The Lausnitz , which rises between Ruheberg and Streuleite, is the largest watercourse in the Reichsforst. There are also numerous ditches and ponds . The Lausnitz flows in a south-easterly direction and flows into the Wondreb at Terschnitz (municipality of Leonberg ) as a left tributary .
Geology and botany
Basalt, a tertiary igneous rock that belongs to a volcanic zone that extends from Karlsbad and Eger in the Czech Republic to northeastern Bavaria, is in the Reichsforst . The unfolding of the Alps also triggered tectonic movements there. Many cracks and crevices collapsed in the rock. From the interior of the earth glowing magma penetrated into the fracture points (basalt volcanism). On the way up, the melt flow solidified into basaltic corridors, with splendid pillars often forming. In the following millions of years, the top layers were removed by erosion, exposing the harder basalts that emerge in the landscape as lava ceilings (imperial forest) or cone mountains . Basalt tuff can be found on the southern slope of the Wappenstein, on Silberrangen.
This area also became known through the discovery of the mineral zirconium - a combination of silicon , oxygen and the heavy metal zirconium . Zircon grains are relatively common in the earth's crust, usually not even 0.3 millimeters in size. But the crystals that can be found in the Reichsforst measure up to 3 centimeters. The occurrence of diamonds in the Reichsforst area is also not excluded.
The basalt flora is of great importance - mineral wealth (high lime content) and a high heat capacity of the soil are reasons for the biodiversity. The summit areas are occupied by a light mixed deciduous forest. Shrub and herb-grass layers as well as 32 rare plants are extraordinarily diverse. The summit area of the Ruheberg was placed under nature protection on March 30, 2001 by decision of the government of Upper Franconia, the summit of the coat of arms stone has the protection status of natural monument.
Localities
Traces of settlement and old streets
On the northwest flank of the Steinberg in the Reichsforst, in the Ruhstatt corridor near the government district border, a Hainggrün farmer accidentally discovered a Neolithic settlement area in a large meadow surrounded on three sides by forest . During a search, Neolithic pottery was found. Artifacts made of chalcedony and jasper as well as medieval finds came to light as non-ceramic finds . A reconstructed clay vessel is exhibited in the Fichtelgebirgsmuseum in Wunsiedel .
There is a report of a very old traffic route that came from the Franconian area , crossed the Reichsforst and led to Eger in Bohemia .
Territorial Affiliation
The border between the Bavarian administrative districts of Upper Franconia and Upper Palatinate has been running through the Reichsforst since 1810 . The basalt mountains had been a kind of border mountains for centuries. The first delimitation between two rulers took place in 1362. South of the Reichsforstes, the Stiftland Waldsassen had formed from 1133 , which was politically independent at least until 1571 and whose northern border was the Reichsforst. To the north of it, the Hohenzollern burgraves of Nuremberg acquired parts of the area from 1285. A permanent demarcation of the Stiftland in the Reichsforst came about when the Eger district judge Bohuslaw von Schwanberg, on behalf of the emperor, undertook a rainforest opposite the Reichsforst and ran the border from Reutlas (now part of the town of Marktredwitz) to Forchheim ( abandoned settlement two kilometers to the west von Pechtnersreuth ) fixed by a ditch. This border remained valid in the following centuries in the Principality of Upper Palatinate, in Kurbayern and in the Kingdom of Bavaria, even if there were very frequent "errors" and some border disputes with the neighboring Margraves of Brandenburg-Kulmbach-Bayreuth. The last boundary was established in 1803, when the Prussian province of Bayreuth bordered there on the Kingdom of Bavaria and the Prussian stones, some of which still existed , were set. In 1810 all border formalities were done when the Prussian province came to the Kingdom of Bavaria after the French occupation.
history
The name Weißensteinerkette, used until the 19th century for the southeast flank of the Fichtelgebirge, has been forgotten and is no longer used.
The coat of arms stone
In addition to the Prussian stones, the coat of arms stone reminds of the former state border. It is located about one kilometer as the crow flies from Groschlattengrün (Pechbrunn municipality, Tirschenreuth district) on a small basalt cone . You can reach the hill from Groschlattengrün on a marked hiking trail (white field, blue horizontal line) after about 1.6 kilometers. On the east side of the rock is the 27 × 27 cm coat of arms of the Hohenzollern. There is a cross on the west side. The first written reference to the coat of arms stone is in the Landbuch der Sechsämter from 1499 in the description of the Reichsforstes as "a gros holtz at two miles long and one meil prait". The border description reads there: "... and from the Atterbrunlein under the Perg up to the rock, which is marked with the rulership coat of arms, white and black ...". References to the coat of arms can also be found in later border descriptions. The border ran over the heights of the Reichsforstes, the current administrative district border between Upper Palatinate and Upper Franconia runs north of the coat of arms, which is now in the Upper Palatinate area. This is also where the administrative districts of Wunsiedel in the Fichtelgebirge and Tirschenreuth meet.
Economic uses
The forests of the Reichsforstes provided wood and served as sheep pasture. As can be seen from the land register of the six offices, forest servants were employed to watch over law and order. On the northern slope of the Steinberg, near Haingrün (part of the town of Marktredwitz), there were pits in the 19th century in which kaolin was mined for the porcelain company C. M. Hutschenreuther . Around the Reichsforst there were a number of basalt quarries in which high quality material was extracted (e.g. Weidersberg quarry ).
literature
- Heimat Landkreis Tirschenreuth , issue 16/2004 p. 92
- Dietmar Herrmann, Helmut Süssmann: Fichtel Mountains, Bavarian Vogtland, Steinwald, Bayreuther Land. Lexicon . Ackermannverlag, Hof (Saale) 2000, ISBN 3-929364-18-2 . , individual keywords
- Bernhard Leutheußer: Marktredwitz in the industrial age , pp. 38, 47
- Friedrich Müller : Bavaria's rich corner , p. 226 f
- Georg Nölp: A geological-botanical hike to the Ruheberg near Seußen in: Der Siebenstern 1928, p. 56
- Karl Siegl : History of the realm forest in the old Egerland in: Egerer Jahrbuch 59 (1926), p. 37 f.
- Friedrich Wilhelm Singer : The land book of the six offices from 1499 . Wunsiedel 1987.
- Neolithic settlement finds on the southern edge of the Fichtelgebirge in: Sechsämterland February 25, 1961 No. 2, March 23, 1961 No. 3, May 11, 1963 No. 4, May 25, 1963 No. 5
- Harald Stark : The noble forest masters in the Eger Reichsforst ; in: Archive for the history of Upper Franconia 1997, p. 207 f
- Harald Stark: The Notthracht family - looking for traces in Egerland, Bavaria and Swabia, Weißenstadt 2006, ISBN 3-926621-46-X
- Heribert Sturm : Historical Atlas of Bavaria , part of Old Bavaria, issue 21 Tirschenreuth
- Heinrich Vollrath: The flora of the Fichtelgebirge and neighboring landscapes in a geobotanical exhibition in: Report of the Natural Science Society Bayreuth, Volume IX (special print 1957)
cards
- Bavarian State Surveying Office: UK 50-13 Fichtelgebirge / Steinwald Nature Park, eastern part, scale 1: 50,000
Individual evidence
- ↑ eLexicon: Proven knowledge in current form Fichtelgebirge | Geography - Germany - Mountains
- ↑ Th. B. Helfrecht: The Fichtel Mountains (1799)
- ^ E. Meynen and J. Schmithüsen : Handbook of the natural spatial structure of Germany - Federal Institute for Regional Studies, Remagen / Bad Godesberg 1953–1962 (9 deliveries in 8 books, updated map 1: 1,000,000 with main units 1960)
- ↑ Map services of the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation ( information )
- ↑ Hermann Kipp: The Basalts of the Reichsforst (1895)
- ^ Johann Theodor Benjamin Helfrecht (1799): The Fichtel Mountains
- ↑ The Reichsforst in the Fichtel Mountains
- ↑ From Paleozoic to Quaternary: A field trip from the Franconian Alb to Bohemia (page 70 ff.)
- ^ Wissenschaft.de: Klondike in the Fichtelgebirge
- ↑ Contributions to the natural historical topography of the Upper Palatinate (1844/45)
- ^ Heinrich Berghaus: The Fichtel Mountains and the Franconian Jura in: Deütschlands Höhen - Contributions to the exact knowledge of the same (1834), on books.google.de