Hülshoff Castle

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Hülshoff Castle
Main castle from the southeast

Main castle from the southeast

Creation time : First mentioned in the 11th century
Castle type : Niederungsburg
Conservation status: Receive
Standing position : Drosten
Construction: Baumberger sandstone, brick tile
Place: Havixbeck
Geographical location 51 ° 58 '17.8 "  N , 7 ° 30' 13.9"  E Coordinates: 51 ° 58 '17.8 "  N , 7 ° 30' 13.9"  E
Height: 71  m above sea level NHN
Hülshoff Castle (North Rhine-Westphalia)
Hülshoff Castle
Aerial photo (2014)

Hülshoff Castle is a typical Munsterland moated castle , which was mentioned in documents as early as the 11th century. Their name is very likely derived from the noble ministerial family Hüls (Hulse) zu Kleve, the alleged builders of the castle, who descended from the Counts of Tecklenburg . It lies between Havixbeck and the Münster suburb of Roxel and has been part of the Havixbeck community since 1975. The castle was owned by the Barons Droste zu Hülshoff from 1417 to 2012 and is the birthplace and parental home of the poet Annette von Droste-Hülshoff and other prominent members of her family.

Building description

Hülshoff Castle is still presented today as a closed Renaissance complex, the high three-tier gables of which are unadorned. On the ridge of the main castle is a roof turret with a storm bell with which the alarm could be sounded from afar. The moated castle stands on two islands that are connected by a bridge. In the 17th and 18th centuries, the complex was renewed, rebuilt and expanded in Baroque forms , using Baumberger sandstone together with brick masonry . The gardener's tower, built in 1628, has been showing an equestrian relief - originally attached elsewhere - since the 19th century, depicting Heinrich I von Droste zu Hülshoff (1500–1570), who was involved in the reconquest of the city of Münster from the Anabaptists . Above the entrance to the main castle is the Droste zu Hülshoff-Travelmann double coat of arms of the Münster mayor Bernhard II von Droste zu Hülshoff , which originally adorned an oriel built by Heinrich I and demolished in the 18th century.

Owner story

The facility was first mentioned in the 11th century as Oberhof "Hoff von Hulshove" (Hof zum Hülshoff). At that time it was owned by the noble women's monastery Überwasser in Münster , which initially enfeoffed the Lords of Hoerde , before 1301 the Counts of Steinfurt and then the Lords of Schonebeck. The knight and Drost in the cathedral chapter of Münster , Everwin I. vondeckebrock, (1326-1351) married into this family through his marriage to Hadewig von Schonebeck. He was the 6th generation owner a. a. of the Oberhof ceiling brook in Everswinkel , but lived like other heirs in Münster. Their son, Alhard I. voneckenbrock († 1399) acquired the Wittover farm, which was located in the neighborhood of Hülshoff and later belonged to the estate, in 1388 and named himself after the Drostenamt, hereditary in his family. His son, the mayor of Munster Johann IV Droste zu Hülshoff (* before 1381, † 1446), then bought a plot of land from Hülshove in 1414 , which is now the northern part of the castle park. In 1417 he also bought the Tor Kulen house from his distant relative Jutta von Schonebeck , mentioned in a document as early as 1347, and the Oberhof Hülshoff.

The family, who called themselves Droste zu Hülshoff from that time on , initially used the castle as a country residence, especially in the summer months. It was only because of his experience with the Anabaptist Empire that Heinrich I von Droste zu Hülshoff (1500–1570) moved his main residence from the Erbmännerhof am Honekamp (Krummen Timpen) in Münster, which continued to serve as a town house, to Hülshoff. At the same time, the family rounded off the estate through acquisitions in the area, but also managed their older estates and the like from there. a. at their former headquarters in Bettenbrock in Everswinkel . From then on, Burg Hülshoff remained as a majorate for almost 600 years in the possession of the lineage, which lived there from the 8th to the 23rd generation. In addition, a large number of staff lived and worked at the castle, in 1675 no less than 105 people. During this time, the old parish church of St. Pantaleon (Roxel) was closely connected to Hülshoff Castle , for whose furnishings the ancestors of Hülshoff donated and where they were baptized and were buried.

The Hülshoff manor was managed from the castle with its outbuildings , which in the 18th century also included Burgmannshöfe in Telgte and Heek , in the 19th century also the former hereditary estates Rüschhaus , Haus Vögeding, Haus Brock - a total of over 1,250 hectares - and at times also the Goods Füchtel and Welpe in Vechta included. In addition, the family owned one or two city courtyards in Münster until the 19th century. A part of the old ceiling brook, which Bernhard II of Droste had sold to Hülshoff , belonged again to Gut Hülshoff from the 18th to the 20th century.

Prominent residents

Heinrich I von Droste zu Hülshoff (1500–1570), equestrian relief Castle Hülshoff

Because of its proximity to the city of Münster, the family had to put up with the billeting of the military in the castle: During his third siege of Münster, Prince-Bishop Christoph Bernhard von Galen took possession of the castle, and during the Seven Years 'War the French commander-in-chief Louis de Conflans, marquis d' Armentières . From 1789–1798, the Comte de Buisseret de Blaringhem, expelled by the French Revolution , found asylum there with his daughter. Hülshoff Castle was the birthplace of the poet Annette von Droste-Hülshoff and numerous other family members.

Prominent owners in the 15th century were Johann IV Droste zu Hülshoff , Johann V. Droste zu Hülshoff and Johann VI. Droste zu Hülshoff , in the 16th century Johann VII. Droste zu Hülshoff and Heinrich I von Droste zu Hülshoff , in the 17th century Bernhard II. Von Droste zu Hülshoff , Heinrich II. Von Droste-Hülshoff and Bernhard III. von Droste-Hülshoff , in the 18th century Heinrich Johann I. Droste zu Hülshoff , Heinrich Wilhelm Droste zu Hülshoff and Clemens August I. von Droste zu Hülshoff . In the 19th century v. a. the father of the poet Annette von Droste-Hülshoff, Clemens-August II. von Droste zu Hülshoff known, who officiated as maire , later "souspréfet", in the castle during the Napoleonic Grand Duchy of Berg , with his growing son Werner-Constantin von Droste to Hülshoff occasionally helped. The castle also served as the official residence of his son, the royal Prussian district administrator Heinrich von Droste zu Hülshoff . His son Werner (1872–1945) and his granddaughter Jutta Freifrau von Droste zu Hülshoff (1926–2015) gradually sold the ancillary goods and agricultural and forestry land. The latter set up a museum about the poet in the castle and a restaurant in the castle cellar and in 2012 brought the castle into the newly established Annette von Droste zu Hülshoff Foundation .

Building history

Representation by Alexander Duncker

Archaeological evidence of a fortification by means of a moat was found under the foundations of the outer bailey as early as the 11th century. According to the documents, there was only one house with thick walls on an island in the initially smaller house pond. Today's outer bailey had a moat in the southern area, where the access was then. On the ground floor of the castle there has been an "immensely large knight's hall with Gothic windows and next to it an equally large kitchen with a colossal stove. In the kitchen there were always three long tables, one of which was called the gentleman's table, the second traveling table and the third builders' table. The 'Herrschaft' stayed there in the evenings. Later, next to the kitchen, there was a cabinet with a bay window. " Until it was destroyed in the Münster collegiate feud (1450–57), there was a chapel next to the castle, which also served the surrounding peasant communities as a place of worship. Afterwards a new chapel was built in the castle courtyard, into which the gentlemen from the castle could see the altar through a window (it was probably demolished in the 19th century because the library was then used for church services).

Heinrich I von Droste zu Hülshoff (1500–1570) expanded the main house with the western wing between 1540 and 1545 and fortified the castle, whereby he also had the pond enlarged through a canal. The complex was fortified more strongly in 1580 by his son, the mayor of Münster Bernhard II von Droste zu Hülshoff (1542–1624). He erected enclosing walls, a three-storey watchtower (which was later demolished), the Old Dog Tower (which was demolished in the 19th century) (the weather vane originally attached there with the Droste-Travelmann coat of arms can be seen today on the New Dog Tower) and a Renaissance bay window (in Canceled 18th century). His son Heinrich II von Droste-Hülshoff (1597–1666) had to reinforce the fortifications again through repeated sieges and looting in the Spanish-Dutch War and in the Thirty Years' War . In 1628 he filled up the current linden avenue, today's main entrance to the castle, and paved it. A gatehouse with drawbridge that he built there was demolished in the 19th century. He also had the so-called gardener's tower built, on which there is a weather vane with his Droste-Nehem double coat of arms. Thanks to the fortifications, people in Hülshoff defended themselves in the 18th century with 18 men and just as many rifles that were always loaded.

The interior of the manor house was rebuilt at the end of the 18th century by the governor of Münster, General Heinrich-Johann von Droste zu Hülshoff (1735–1798), whereby the windows were also given their current shape. The construction work was completed in 1796 by the poet's parents with the installation of new interior walls. The last major changes took place in the 19th century. In 1868 the new dog tower was built at the expense of ornithologist Ferdinand von Droste zu Hülshoff (1841–1874). The castle chapel in neo-Gothic style was added after 1875 by his brother, the district administrator of Münster Heinrich von Droste zu Hülshoff (1827–1887).

History of the parks

Tea house in the woods behind the gardens

Heinrich Johann I. Droste zu Hülshoff (1677–1739) had four chestnuts planted on the northern bank of the pond at the beginning of the 18th century, which were repeatedly replaced by new ones. Hülshoff also owes him the oak avenue, which leads from the northwest to the linden avenue. His second son, the Osnabrück canon Ernst Constantin I, planted the southern part of the summer rosette and the predecessor of the Kastanienallee, which leads from the north to the house pond. The pavilion in the northern part of the summer bosquet, the so-called tea house, was a gift from his brother, the dean of Coesfeld, Ferdinand Godfried von Droste zu Hülshoff (1741-1818). Her nephew Clemens-August II. Von Droste zu Hülshoff , father of the poet Annette von Droste-Hülshoff, had the swampy area to the south drained. To do this, he had the ditches dug from the eastern and western tower of the outer bailey to the house pond. The almost silted up trench between the two towers was deepened. The current shape of the park, which he had designed as a landscape garden, goes back to him. It was not until the 1970s that Jutta von Droste zu Hülshoff gave the outer bailey such wide ditches that one can speak of an island location. She had the park fenced in and created a rose garden and a lawn.

Todays use

Hydrangea blossom in the castle park
Bust of Annette von Droste-Hülshoff in the Burggarten

Hülshoff Castle and its park can be visited for an entrance fee. There are guided tours through the interiors, the v. a. remember the poet Annette von Droste-Hülshoff. The castle cellar and in summer the courtyard are managed by the castle restaurant. Hülshoff Castle is also known for its large and well-kept park. In addition to a large number of rhododendron bushes that bloom in May, hydrangeas that bloom directly behind the main entrance attract many visitors , especially in summer . The landscaped park is divided into different areas. There is a small tea house in the forest. Every year in May the festival “Garden Dreams” takes place, in November the festival “Winter Dreams”.

Hülshoff Castle with its inventory and the remaining land was brought into the Annette von Droste zu Hülshoff Foundation by its last owner, Jutta Freifrau von Droste zu Hülshoff in 2012 . In 2014, extensive renovation measures were carried out for a sum of around 2.5 million euros after it had been determined that the roof structure, which dates from 1417, was in acute danger of collapsing. The main house was re-covered to accompany the roof truss renewal. The chapel was provided with new slate shingles true to the original and its windows were re-framed.

The Burg Hülshoff - Center for Literature opened at Burg Hülshoff on August 24, 2018 .

Hülshoff Castle is a stop on the 100 Castles Route . The cycle path connects the castles in the Münsterland on four circuits .

Birthplace of the poetess

Annette von Droste-Hülshoff, painting by Johann Joseph Sprick (1838) in the castle museum

Annette von Droste-Hülshoff was born in 1797 at Hülshoff Castle and spent her childhood and youth here until 1826.

"You father house with your towers, cradled
by the quiet pond,
where in my life I storm
so often succumbed and
conquered , - you broad, foliage-vaulted halls, who
young and happy saw me,
where my sighs are forever
and my feet are traces. "

- Annette von Droste-Hülshoff

With the help of the Annette von Droste zu Hülshoff Foundation , officially recognized in 2012 , the birthplace will be kept permanently for public use and will provide a domicile for literary events, exhibitions and research projects.

literature

Web links

Commons : Burg Hülshoff  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ s. discussion
  2. ↑ Holsenbürger: The gentlemen of Deckbrock (v. Droste-Hülshoff) and their possessions, p. 68, confuses the coat of arms of the Travelmann with that of the hereditary family Stevenick, the wife of Heinrich I:
  3. ^ Karl Emerich Krämer : From castle to castle in Westphalia . Mercator-Verlag, Duisburg 1975, ISBN 3-87463-061-7 , p. 12.
  4. ↑ GenWiki: Haus Hülshoff
  5. ↑ a b c d e f g Johann Holsenbürger: The gentlemen v. Eckenbrock (v. Droste-Hülshoff) and their possessions , Vol. 2: 1570–1798 . Regensberg, Münster 1869.
  6. ↑ LWL press release of May 22, 2019
  7. ↑ The origin of Hülshoff Castle is archaeologically proven , Hülshoff Castle website from May 22, 2019, accessed on May 25, 2019
  8. ^ Dorothea Kluge, Wilfried Hansmann (edit.): Westphalia (= Handbook of German Art Monuments , part: North Rhine-Westphalia , Vol. 2). Deutscher Kunstverlag, Berlin 1969, p. 495.
  9. ^ Wilfried Hansmann: Art walks in Westphalia . Belser, Stuttgart 1966, p. 48.
  10. ↑ Cornelia Blasber, Jochen Grywatsch (ed.): Annette von Droste-Hülshoff-Handbuch, 2018, p. 720
  11. ^ House Hülshoff . In: Dierk Hartleb, Helmut Röer: Where to go in the Münsterland on weekends and during the holidays. A guide to places of culture and entertainment . Everhard Sommer, Ahlen 1984, ISBN 3-924914-00-1 , pp. 158–159, here p. 159.
  12. ↑ Homepage of the event "Garden Dreams"
  13. ↑ Homepage of the event "Winter Dreams"
  14. ↑ Press release of the Westphalia-Lippe Regional Association of October 27, 2014: Hülshoff Castle restored .
  15. ^ Droste Foundation - New Literature Center at Hülshoff Castle , boersenblatt.net, published and accessed on May 17, 2018