Slowino
| Slowino | |||
|---|---|---|---|
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| Basic data | |||
| State : | Poland | ||
| Voivodeship : | West Pomerania | ||
| Powiat : | Sławno | ||
| Gmina : | Darłowo | ||
| Geographic location : | 54 ° 22 ' N , 16 ° 31' E | ||
| Residents : | 454 | ||
| Telephone code : | (+48) 94 | ||
| License plate : | ZSL | ||
| Economy and Transport | |||
| Street : | DK37 Darłowo - Karwice | ||
| Next international airport : | Danzig | ||
Słowino ( German Schlawin ) is a village in the Polish West Pomeranian Voivodeship . It belongs to the rural community Darłowo (Rügenwalde) in the Powiat Sławieński ( district of Schlawe ).
Geographical location
The place is in Western Pomerania , about ten kilometers southeast of the city of Rügenwalde ( Darłowo ) and ten kilometers west of Schlawe ( Sławno ), not far from the Baltic Sea coast . The village center is about one kilometer from the Motze , a river that flows past in the south in a north-easterly direction and which flows into the Wipper ( Wieprza ) at Schlawe . Neighboring villages are Stary Jarosław ( Alt Järshagen ) and Karwice ( Karwitz ).
Landscape image
The Schlawin district was laid out on a cleared area extending into the Neu Krakow Forest. The district is enclosed in the southwest, west and north of the Neu Krakower Forest. The districts of Alt Järshagen and Rötzenhagen border in the east, the district of Karwitz in the south. The Motze meadow basin, which rises in the Neu Krakower Forest northwest of Göritz and flows via Rötzenhagen to Schlawe to Wipper, forms the southern border to Karwitz.
The district is relatively flat and lies between 30 m and 36 m above sea level. The center of Schlawin is embedded in agricultural land. To the north of the village, outside the village limits, lies the Schlawiner Moor , which is part of the Neu Krakower Forest. In this largely preserved upland moor biotope there were still breeding grounds for cranes until the end of the Second World War. The moor is drained through the Mühlenbach in the direction of Altenhagen to Grabow and through the moat . Forest is no longer included within the municipal boundaries.
The grassland, which is mainly in the Motzetal, makes up around 10% to 15% of the district. The ground of the district consists of a mixture of clay and sand. There are boggy areas in the depressions. There is no pure sand in the district.
history
Schlawin was originally an abbey village of Klosters Buckow and one in the form Anger village created. The region was already settled during the Stone Age. This is evidenced by the discovery of a stone ax with a shaft hole in 1887 in a field in the district.
Schlawin is documented for the first time on February 1, 1262 in a deed of donation with which Bishop Hermann von Cammin ceded 40 hooves to Buckow Monastery in various villages, including Slouin , as Schlawin was called at the time. On July 6, 1270 Wizlaw II. Von Rügen donated the village to the monastery and confirmed his previous donations to the monastery in 1271 and 1275. In this document, some villages, including Schlawin, are only referred to as "village places " ( loca villarum ), i. H. as abandoned or abandoned villages. The last-mentioned documentary confirmation is followed by Mestwin II von Pommerellen with the same wording . On April 8, 1290, Mestwin asked the Pope to confirm the goods in Buckow Monastery . In this document, Schlawin is again mentioned among the monastery villages. The new construction of the village should therefore fall in the period 1275-1290.
After the dissolution of the Buckow monastery as a result of the Reformation , Schlawin was affiliated with the other abbey villages to the Rügenwalder office . In the course of this administrative reform, the district was assigned to the ducal domain of Schlosshof .
In the tax lists of the office around the middle of the 17th century, the following residents of Schlawin were named:
- the Schulze Peter Schwarte (1648)
- the farmers Heinrich , Hans (wüst), Herming, Hans Ba (h) re, Jacob Boldewan, Marten Bolte, Orban Boge, Marten Dölingk, Jochim Dubberke, Jacob and Thomas Möller, Marten Schwandeke, Peter Wetzel, Jochim Wichmann
- the Kossaten Marten Holtzfuß, Jürgen Kabbe, Jochim Radke and
- the Halbhüfner Karsten Völcker .
In 1732 the Schulze Lemke presided over the village. In 1784 the parish had a parish with a preacher, a sexton, a preacher's widow's house, 18 farmers, including the “dienstfreye Schulze”, three half-farmers , five country farmers , 13 Büdner including the village blacksmith and a total of 43 households. Schlawin was the largest village in the area.
On October 24, 1808, the village and the half-timbered church burned down. Numerous historical documents of the evangelical parish were destroyed, including the church registers stored there.
In the course of the Stein-Hardenberg land reform at the beginning of the 19th century, the Neu Schlawin district was delimited from Schlawin . Until 1900 the community was called Alt Schlawin . Around the first quarter of the 19th century, further settlement areas emerged on the periphery of the district, including the "Colony of Schlawin", 1 km north of the eastern end of the village, which consisted of 12 farms towards the end of the war. Some of the farms were on the Mickenkaten , a weakly paved path that led past the edge of the forest. Schlawin was connected to the electricity network between 1912 and 1914.
Before the end of World War II , Schlawin had 862 residents, three of whom were Catholic and the rest of them Protestant. The number of households was 244. 107 people had their livelihoods in handicrafts and industry and 23 in trade, 35 people were classified as civil servants and employees, 230 as blue-collar workers. Schlawin had its own mayor's office and its own registry office. There was also a three-class elementary school with three teachers in the village.
The total size of the district was 1034.2 ha. Schlawin had 77 small farms with usable areas of up to 5 ha, 54 to 10 ha, 19 to 20 ha and 9 over 20 ha. The farmers' income came mainly from the cultivation of crops and from the Pig breeding and fattening, cattle farming and dairy farming. Some farmers also ran horse breeding (the farmers Gohrbandt, Huth, Schmandke, Schmidt, Wendt and Wichmann). Sheep were only kept for personal use. Schlawin farmers also leased plots outside the municipal boundaries, including on the Kropshagen corridor between Schlawin and Damshagen (it belonged to the village of Kropshagen, which no longer exists today). In the Schlawiner Moor, plots could be leased to cut peat.
There was a branch of the Raiffeisenkasse founded before 1900 with a shop (Herbert Tietz) for agricultural supplies, fertilizer and coal as well as for the marketing of pigs according to daily prices in Berlin, Dresden and Wuppertal, a milk collection point of the cooperative dairy Schlawe ( Johannes Färber , Franz Zenke ), a windmill (owner family: Gohrbandt ), a sawmill (owner: Waldemar Wetzel ), the 'Pommersche Wurstfabrik' Powufa (owner: Wilhelm Pieper ) with a workforce of around 15 people, a cattle shop ( Richard Grell , Max Scheel ), a post office, a dealer for agricultural products, a gardening shop ( Albert Murch ), a timber haulage company ( Franz Hackbarth ), a slipper shop in which the Pomeranian wooden clogs were made, two inns ( Christian Panten , Hugo Wendt ) - one of them with one spacious event hall - five retail stores and the one common for an agricultural rural community hen craft businesses. The local service providers included u. a. a doctor, a dentist, a midwife ( Elisabeth Lange , née Mondzech ), a meat inspector ( Hugo Rossin ) and two smokehouse operators ( Heinrich Panten and Fritz Bewersdorf ). Farmers from neighboring towns such as Rötzenhagen also brought their self-made meat and sausage products to the Schlawiner smokehouse for preservation. The post bus came twice a day to pick up sausages that were ready for dispatch.
The farmhouses that existed towards the end of World War II were half-timbered buildings with a tiled roof. Each had its own well and usually a smokehouse. There was a tiled stove in the living room. White stork nests on roofs and towers are typical of the rural area .
Social activities unfolded in Schlawin u. a. the Turn- und Sportverein Schlawin eV, which was founded in the early 1930s by Paul Hylla and Max Rossin . The association used the event hall of a Schlawiner inn as a gym.
After the end of the war, all of Western Pomerania was placed under Polish administration, and the expulsion of the German civilian population began in Schlawin as well . First it hit the inhabitants of the colony and other settlement areas on the periphery of the district: They were finally expelled in September 1946. The remaining indigenous population of Schlawin was expelled on July 13, 1947 and initially taken to a collective camp in Schlawe.
Local division until 1945
Before 1945, the Schlawin community had two residential spaces:
- Neu Schlawin (now Polish: Słowinko), an outlying settlement of 21 farmsteads founded before 1800 on an area of the state Krakow Forest, about 2 km west of the town center on the road connecting Schlawin and Neu Krakow
- Schlawin ( forester's house ), district forester of the State Forestry Office Neu Krakow (today: Nowy Kraków ), 500 m south of Neu Schlawin.
Population development
| year | Residents | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| 1818 | 396 | |
| 1864 | 983 | |
| 1867 | 1.008 | |
| 1871 | 989 | including 988 Evangelicals and one Jew |
| 1925 | 993 | including 979 Evangelicals and three Catholics |
| 1933 | 915 | |
| 1939 | 862 |
church
Parish church
After the devastating fire of 1808, a new brick church with a 42 m high spire was built on the old site in 1816. It has 450 seats and a small organ choir.
In the church tower of the new church a large and a smaller bell were hung, which came from the inventory of the castle chapel in Rügenwalde , which was closed in 1805 . In 1886 both bells fell and shattered after a church tower fire caused by a lightning strike; In 1887 they were re-cast in the old shape by the bell foundry C. Voss & Sohn, Stettin , and provided with the additional inscription: God's lightning struck me, God's grace raised me again - Müller, pastor - Dähling, Dietrich, Frenz, Trende, Wetzel, Church Elder - Murch, Küster - Sept. 29, 1886 destroyed by lightning - Cast in 1887 by C. Voss & Sohn in Stettin - No. 1083 .
The larger of the two bells was melted down in the First World War , the smaller one (height: 80 cm, diameter: 80 cm, weight: 300 kg) was dismantled in the Second World War and ended up in the bell store of the foundry Gebr. Rincker in Sinn (Dillkreis) and was seized there in 1972 by the then chairman of the Pomeranian Landsmannschaft Rendel ; it has been in the district office in Schwelm since 1983 .
The Schlawiner church received electric underfloor heating around 1930.
Since its inception, the church - like its predecessor for 300 years - has been a Protestant church. After 1945 it was expropriated in favor of the Catholic Church, which rededicated it on April 2, 1947 and gave it the name Kościół Podwyższenia Krzyża Świętego (" Church of the Exaltation of the Holy Cross ", in short: " Church of Exaltation of the Cross ").
Parish / Parish
Before 1945, the population of Schlawin was almost without exception Protestant denomination. The village was the seat of the parish office for the parish Schlawin to which the parishes Schlawin with New Schlawin (Słowinko) and Damshagen (Domaslawice) with Rehbockshagen (Róźowo) and Voßhagen (Zagorzyn) belonged. In 1940 the parish had 1535 parishioners. It belonged to the church district Rügenwalde in the church province of Pomerania of the church of the Old Prussian Union .
- Pastor since the Reformation until 1945
- Thomas Adam, (1590)
- Johannes Müller, 1599-?
- Petrus Hille, 1633-?
- Bartholomäus Hille (son of 3rd), 1658–1706
- Peter Christoph Klempin, 1706–1733
- Joachim Stüwe, 1733–1762
- Friedrich Höpfner, 1763–1797
- Friedrich Heinrich Adam, 1798–1845
- Friedrich Wilhelm Alexander Booß, 1847–1853
- August Ludolf Müller, 1855-1896
- Paul Richard Stellmacher, 1898–1916
- Wilhelm Zühlsdorf, 1916–1939
- Hans Joachim Bonow, 1940–1945
Since the old inhabitants of Schlawin were expelled after 1945, the population of the place has been predominantly of Roman Catholic denomination. In 1980 the Roman Catholic Church in Poland established a parish (Parafia) here, to which the branch church Boleszewo ( Rötzenhagen ) and Karwice ( Karwitz ) were assigned. Today it has 1,433 parishioners and belongs to the Darłowo deanery in the Köslin-Kolberg diocese .
Protestant church members living here today are parish in the parish of Koszalin ( Köslin ) in the diocese of Pomerania-Greater Poland of the Evangelical-Augsburg Church in Poland .
Project idea 'Inhabited Open-Air Museum Schlawin'
Scientific initiators have been trying for a number of years to set up a project called 'Inhabited Open-Air Museum Schlawin'. Similar to the village Schwollow ( Swołowo ) 15 km west of Stolp , which was restored with European funding and recently declared a 'European cultural heritage', Schlawin's half-timbered buildings are to be saved from further decay.
traffic
The nearest train station is in Karwice on the Stargard Szczeciński – Gdańsk railway line .
No reference to the proverbial 'slacker'
The town of Schlawin has no relation whatsoever to the name Schlawiner for a particularly smart person who is concerned with his own benefits.
literature
- Ludwig Wilhelm Brüggemann : Detailed description of the current state of the Königl. Prussian Duchy of Vor and Hinter Pomerania . Part II, Volume 2, Stettin 1784, p. 861, paragraph (20).
- Gerhard Dummer: Schlawin. In: Manfred Vollack (Ed.): The Schlawe district - A Pomeranian home book. Volume 2, The Cities and Rural Communities. Husum Druck- und Verlagsgesellschaft, Husum 1989, ISBN 3-88042-337-7 , pp. 1156-1163.
- Rita Scheller: Schlawin - Angerdorf based on plans from the 19th century , Pommersche Zeitung from May 19, 1979.
- Horst Hylla: memories of a boy from Stolp. Homberg (Efze) 2007.
- Ulrich Neitzel, Fritz Schmidt and Mathias Sielaff: The mill chronicle of the Schlawe district. Genealogical writings for East Pomerania, Volume 4. Ostpommern eV, Timmendorfer Strand 2007, p. 269.
- Ernst Müller, The Evangelical Clergy of Pomerania from the Reformation to the Present , Part 2, Stettin, 1912
Web links
- The community of Schlawin in the former district of Schlawe in Pomerania (Gunthard Stübs and Pommersche Forschungsgemeinschaft, 2011)
- District of Neu Krakow (Rolf Jehke, 2011)
- Information on the Chronicle of Schlawin
- Map of the Schlawe district from 1938 with a site plan by Schlawin.
- Geneviève Rihard: Schlawin / Pommern - genealogy and history, Mulhouse (France) 2008.
Footnotes
- ↑ As part of the regulation of the Motze in 1930, the moat was also rehabilitated. This enabled bog areas to be used as meadows.
- ↑ In the past, the state forest had provided wood and herding . These rights were later replaced by 0.25 hectares, the so-called "Raffmorgen", to the individual farms.
- ↑ In other old documents Schlawin 1275 is called Sclouin, Sclavin, Sclauin, Slowyn, Slovigen and Slouigln , 1290 Sclovin and Sclowin , 1308 and 1330 Slovin , on the map of Lubinus 1618 Slavin , 1628 Schlauin and 1779 Schlawin , see Andrzej Chludziński, place names in the rural community Rügenwalde (Polish with a summary in German), in: Historia i kultura Ziemi Sławieńskiej (published by Fundacja ‚Dziedzictwo ', www.region.jerk.pl), Volume 6: Gmina Darłowo (edited by W. Rączkowski and J . Sroka), Schlawe 2007, ISBN 978-83-60437-66-7 , pp. 57-104.
- ↑ Ludwig Wilhelm Brüggemann : Detailed description of the Royal Prussian Duchy of Western and Western Pomerania . Part II, Volume 2, Stettin 1784, p. 861, No. 20 .
- ↑ Street map P003: Hinterpommern , Höfer Verlag, Dietzenbach 2005, ISBN 978-3-931103-14-9 , grid square D5.
- ↑ Mayors were Hermann Maaß (master carpenter) from 1936 to 1945, Albert Schmandtke , Reinhold Bold and Otto Maaß from 1920 to 1836 , and most recently before 1920 by Berthold Pieper .
- ↑ Martin Krause: Rötzenhagen - A village in Pomerania . Volume 1, Metro-Druck, Bonn 1986, p. 310.
- ↑ Emil Goehrtz, The farmhouse in the district of Koszalin , Stuttgart 1931st
- ^ Johann Daniel Friedrich Rumpf and Heinrich Friedrich Rumpf: Complete topographical dictionary of the Prussian state . Volume 3, Berlin 1821, p. 42.
- ^ Prussian Ministry of Finance: The results of the property and building tax assessment in the administrative district of Köslin (9th district of Schlawe) . Berlin 1866, p. 26, no.170.
- ↑ a b Prussian State Statistical Office: The municipalities and manor districts of the Prussian state and their population (VIII. Kreis Schlawe) . Berlin 1873, pp. 136-137, no. 105.
- ^ The community of Schlawin in the former district of Schlawe in Pomerania (Gunthard Stübs and Pommersche Forschungsgemeinschaft, 2011)
- ^ A b Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. Schlawe.html # ew39sclwaschlwi. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
- ↑ Karl Rosenow: Duke's Castle and Princely Crypt - Rügenwalder Bau- und Kunstdenkmäler , Mewes, Rügenwalde 1925, p. 69.
- ↑ Possible relatives could be: Pastor Johannes Adam (Johannis Adami Rugenwaldensis Pomerani) and Pastor Jakob Adam (Jacobus Adamus pomeranus)
- ^ Official Journal of the Royal Government of Stralsund . Year 38, Stralsund 1855, p. 21.
- ↑ Maria Witek and Waldemar Witek: Presentation of the project 'Inhabited Open Air Museum Schlawin' as an example of the cultural framework 'Landscape protection' (Polish with a summary in German) , in: Historia i kultura Ziemi Sławieńskiej (published by Fundacja 'Dziedzictwo', www.region. jerk.pl), Volume 6: Gmina Darłowo (edited by W. Rączkowski and J, Sroka), Schlawe 2007, ISBN 978-83-60437-66-7 , pp. 317–339.
- ^ DuMont travel pocket book Polish Baltic Sea coast with excursions into the hinterland , Ostfildern 2007, ISBN 978-3-7701-7204-7 , p. 121.
- ↑ According to this website, Schlawin's church records are considered lost. These church files were archived from 1808 onwards, see the relevant information on the Schlawe district [1] .