Sremska Mitrovica

Sremska Mitrovica
Climate diagram
	Temperature in ° C , precipitation in mm
	Source: Hydrometeorological Institute of the Republic of Serbia ;

Сремска Митровица
Sremska Mitrovica

Basic data

State :

Serbia

Province :

Vojvodina

Okrug :

Srem

Coordinates :

44 ° 59 ' N , 19 ° 37' E Coordinates: 44 ° 58 '47 " N , 19 ° 36' 35" E

Height :

80 m. i. J.

Residents :

39,041 (2002)

Telephone code :

(+381) 022

Postal code :

22,000

License plate :

SM

Structure and administration

Website :

www.sremskamitrovica.rs

Sremska Mitrovica ( Serbian - Cyrillic Сремска Митровица ; German outdated Syrmish-Mitrowitz or Mitrowitz, Croatian Srijemska Mitrovica, Hungarian Szávaszentdemeter ) is a Serbian city in the Vojvodina on the north bank of the River Sava , which in the settlement area of the ancient Byzantine city of Sirmium is located.

Today Sremska Mitrovica has about 39,000 inhabitants and is of regional importance due to its paper mill , its port with shipyard and one of the largest prisons in Serbia.

Sremska Mitrovica is the capital of the Opština Sremska Mitrovica and the Okrug Srem .

Origin of name

Downtown of Sremska Mitrovica

The former Sirmium was called in the Middle Ages in Hungarian "City of St. Demetrius on the Save" (Serbian Dimitrovci, Mitrovica).

climate

Average monthly temperatures and precipitation for Sremska Mitrovica 1981–2010

	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec
Max. Temperature ( ° C )	3.6	6.5	12.5	18.0	23.4	26.1	28.3	28.4	23.7	18.3	10.5	4.8	O	17.1
Min. Temperature (° C)	−3.1	−2.5	1.2	5.9	10.9	13.7	15.0	14.8	10.9	6.7	2.2	−1.6	O	6.2
Temperature (° C)	0.1	1.6	6.4	11.8	17.2	19.9	21.5	21.2	16.6	11.7	5.8	1.4	O	11.3

Precipitation ( mm )	37.9	29.2	40.4	48.4	56.2	84.4	61.6	52.8	50.3	54.6	52.8	45.6	Σ	614.2

Hours of sunshine ( h / d )	2.0	3.7	5.1	6.3	8.1	8.8	9.4	9.0	6.3	4.9	3.0	1.6	O	5.7

Rainy days ( d )	12	11	11	12	12	12	10	9	10	9	12	13	Σ	133

Humidity ( % )	87	81	73	69	68	71	71	71	75	78	85	88	O	76.4

Source: Hydrometeorological Institute of the Republic of Serbia ;

history

Roman emperor

Ten Roman emperors were born in and around the city:

Herennius Etruscus (227-251)
Hostilian (230? –251)
Decius Traian (approx. 190-251)
Claudius II (214-270)
Quintillus († 270)
Aurelian (214-275)
Probus (232–282)
Maximianus Herculius (240-310)
Constantius II (317-361)
Gratian (359-383)

The last emperor of the united kingdom, Theodosius I (378-95), was crowned in Sirmium. The Roman usurpers Ingenuus and Regalianus declared themselves emperors in the city (260) and many other Roman regents spent some time in Sirmium, including Marcus Aurelius .

Antique sirmium

See sirmium

The ancient period ends with the conquest of Sirmium by the Avars in 582 and is also an important turning point in the history of Southeast Europe, as the Slavic conquest took place with the Avars .

middle Ages

In the Middle Ages, the city was fought over between Byzantium and Hungary for a long time . Method of Saloniki had his seat as Archbishop of Pannonia and Great Moravia in Sirmium / Sremska Mitrovica in the 9th century. Around 1180 Sremska Mitrovica finally came under Hungarian rule. The common medieval name of the city was Civitas Sancti Demetrii, the city of St. Demetrius , who still exists in the Hungarian Szávaszentdemeter today. Serbs were first mentioned in writing in the 13th century, and Hungarian Franciscans reported of schismatics and their Serbian patriarch who could be found in the city and in southern Syrmia. From the city of St. Demetrius developed the Serbian name Dimitrovica and ultimately Mitrovica . The prefix Sremska dates back to the 1930s to distinguish the city from Kosovska Mitrovica .

In 1526 the Ottomans conquered the city. During the Ottoman rule the city was called Şeher-Mitrovica and Dimitrofçe . Under the Ottomans, the city had a Muslim majority.

Empire of Austria

In 1688 Sremska Mitrovica, in German Mitrowitz, was conquered by the Austrian Empire in the course of the Turkish Wars. The city finally came under Austrian rule in 1718 with the Peace of Passarowitz . After the Peace of Belgrade in 1739, Sremska Mitrovica was a border town to the Ottoman Empire, as such was attached to the military border and belonged to the Petrovaradin regiment. From 1848 / 1850–1860 it was part of the Serbian Voivodeship , after which the conditions from before 1848 returned. In 1881 the military border was dissolved and the city and southern Syrmia, which belonged to the Petrovaradin regiment, were annexed to Croatia-Slavonia . On the other hand, Sremska Mitrovica was given the status of a royal free town in order to accommodate the Serbian and German population groups who did not welcome the dissolution of the military border. In 1918, after the end of the First World War and with the break-up of Austria-Hungary , Sremska Mitrovica became part of the newly founded South Slav state, the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes .

20th century

Municipal tax stamp, undated

From 1918 Sremska Mitrovica belonged to the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes , which was to be renamed the Kingdom of Yugoslavia in 1929 . In 1929 the city became part of the Danube bank, one of the newly formed banks of Yugoslavia. After the attack of the German Reich on the Kingdom of Yugoslavia and the capitulation of Yugoslavia in 1941, the Danube bank was dissolved. Sremska Mitrovica was added to fascist Croatia and renamed Hrvatska Mitrovica . The city was captured by Soviet troops on November 1, 1944, and then by the partisans. In 1945 the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina was formed within the Republic of Serbia, Sremska Mitrovica became part of Vojvodina.

Internment camp for Germans who were not evacuated from Yugoslavia

Confirmation of the death of a prisoner from the Sremska Mitrovica camp in October 1947

In August 1945, the then silk factory "Svilara" in Mitrovica was converted into an " internment camp for the concentration of able-bodied Danube Swabians ". On average there were 1,200 prisoners here every day. The number of inmates murdered, starved and died of illnesses here was around 2,000 until the camp was closed on May 5, 1947, of which 1033 have been documented by name. In the immediate vicinity there was also a children's camp with two departments (for infants and for children from three to nine years of age).

Croatian war

During the Croatia war which was located in the town of Sremska Mitrovica prison , where mostly Croat prisoners of war were imprisoned. After the war, war crimes allegations were jointly investigated by Croatian and Serbian public prosecutors .

Demographic development of the city

According to the Ottoman land registry , Sremska Mitrovica had 592 Muslim and 30 Christian households for the years 1566–1569 . In 1572 there were 598 Muslim and 18 Christian households.

In the Austrian Empire there are 809 inhabitants in 1756, 514 of them Orthodox and 219 Roman Catholic . The population census of 1910 gives the city a population of 12,909 inhabitants, of which 4878 Serbs , 3915 Croats and 2341 Germans .

According to the census in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia from 1931, the city had 18,839 inhabitants, of which 10,429 with Serbo-Croatian , 1753 with German and 945 with Hungarian as their mother tongue. 632 spoke another Slavic mother tongue. According to the census in communist Yugoslavia from 1948, after the exodus of the Yugoslav Germans a.o. a. 6777 Serbs, 3933 Croats, 864 Russians and Ukrainians and 835 Hungarians . For 1991, the population was 38,834, of which 26,943 Serbs, 4836 Yugoslavs , 3162 Croats, 732 Russians and 617 Hungarians.

The last current census, carried out in 2002, shows a population of 39,084 inhabitants, including 31,127 Serbs, 2,130 Croats, 961 Yugoslavs, 620 Ruthenians and 524 Hungarians.