St. Wenceslaus (Litzendorf)
The St. Wenzeslaus Church is the Roman Catholic parish church of Litzendorf in the Upper Franconian district of Bamberg . The stately baroque building was built from 1715 to 1718 according to plans by Johann Dientzenhofer . It is one of the few rural churches that the Bamberg court architect was personally involved in building or renovating .
location
The baroque choir tower church is built from bright golden-yellow iron sandstone blocks and can be seen from afar in the Ellertal , especially when approaching from Bamberg on State Road 2281 . It stands on the northeast edge of the village and forms an ensemble with the town hall to the north of the church and the rectory to the south . While the two-storey town hall with a mezzanine floor and hipped roof , which previously served as a school building , was built in 1841, the rectory was built in 1897/98 in a neo-baroque villa style. Like the parish church, the latter has a facade on the west side.
history
Choice of patronage
The choice of the Bohemian Duke and national saint Wenceslas as church patron probably goes back to the Bamberg prince-bishop Lamprecht von Brunn (1374–1398 / 99), who was a close advisor to the emperor Charles IV, residing in Prague , and chancellor of his son Wenceslaus. The tomb of St. Wenceslas is located in the St. Vitus Cathedral in Prague .
Building history
As Litzendorf in 1406 by the mother parish Amlingstadt separated and independent parish was raised, the present church stood on the site already has a St. Wenceslaus consecrated chapel. This reached approximately to today's fourth pew from the east. The foundations of this building were found during excavations for a heating shaft in 1972.
The predecessor of today's church was built in 1467 in the late Gothic style. When there was increasing structural damage towards the end of the 17th century , it was hesitant to repair this damage. It was only Johann Christoph Reinhard, who was appointed pastor in 1702, to tackle the problem energetically. That is why he had the building appraised by the Bamberg court architect Johann Dientzenhofer. In 1713 he found that renovation was no longer worthwhile. Therefore Reinhard commissioned Dientzenhofer with the construction of a new nave, which would be added to the existing choir tower.
Preparations for a new building began in 1713. Large iron sandstone blocks in the Stammberg were broken and the farmers drove them to the village for a tip of one pfenning per block. At the same time, negotiations were entered into with the forestry office in order to be able to cut timber in the main moor forest and on the Stammberg. Twelve workers were also employed to cover the roof of the old church. Organ and side altars were inserted. Dientzenhofer himself drew up the plans for the new building and negotiated the contract with his clients , which was signed on August 8, 1715. Accordingly, the parish of Litzendorf had to provide scaffolding wood , brackets , boards , ropes , wheelbarrows , shovels and pickaxes . The foundation stone was laid in the summer of 1715, and the roof of the new building was erected in the same year. 105 men were deployed for this. Due to the low financial strength of the residents of Litzendorf, a stucco ceiling in the nave had to be dispensed with, as was common in such representative buildings at the time.
On September 18, 1718, Auxiliary Bishop Johannes Werner consecrated the building . Shortly before, the coat of arms of the Bamberg prince-bishop Lothar Franz von Schönborn, which still exists today, was placed above the main portal on the west side . The interior was also whitewashed and painted with twelve crosses. Due to the high costs, the rest of the equipment could only be procured over the next 16 years. The high altar and the two side altars came into the church between 1720 and 1723, the baptismal font, for example, not until 1734.
Architecture and equipment
Exterior construction
The tower with its crowd watch towers is still in the Gothic style, while the nave with its mighty colossal structure is baroque.
On and above the west portal, there are sculptures of the following saints (from left to right)
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Catherine of Alexandria Katharina's attribute is the wheel, which should be the torture tool of her martyrdom wheel. |
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Archangel Michael At the very top of the gable stands Michael with the flaming sword who defeats Lucifer . |
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Barbara von Nicomedien Her attribute is the tower, because her father tried to shield her from the outside world and locked her in a specially built tower. |
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Martyr Sebastian He is depicted pierced by arrows. |
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Church patron Wenceslas Among his attributes are the shield, lance and sword. |
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Wolfgang von Regensburg Wolfgang is shown in regalia with a bishop's staff and a model of the church. |
inner space
The three-bay nave with pilasters has a groin vault.
Inside the church there are the following statues of saints, most of which were made by the sculptor Leonhard Gollwitzer :
- High altar
The following figures of saints stand on the high altar :
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the holy bishop Wolfgang von Regensburg He is also at the west portal. |
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St. Nicholas of Myra, Bishop |
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John the Baptist |
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the martyr Sebastian He is also at the west portal. |
- Right side altar
Two of the 14 helpers in need , Barbara of Nicomedia and Catherine of Alexandria
- Left side altar
The diocese saints of the Bamberg diocese , Emperor Heinrich II. And his wife Kunigunde of Luxembourg , each with half of the Bamberg Cathedral
- Right side wall
Saint Salvator , the church patron Wenceslas and Joseph of Nazareth
- Left side wall
The Archangel Michael , Johannes Nepomuk and Anna himself third
- Back wall
Saint Anthony of Padua and a portrait of the Virgin
Peal
The church has four bells , the oldest of which dates from 1430. This takes over the quarter-hour strike. The youngest bell was cast in 1999.
literature
- Karen Schaelow-Weber: Litzendorf: Parish Church of St. Wenzeslaus, Holy Spirit in Pödeldorf, St. Josef in Melkendorf . Art publisher Peda Gregor, Passau 2000, ISBN 3-89643-159-5 .
Web links
- Twelve bells of the Bavarian Broadcasting Corporation from September 30, 2018 from the parish church of St. Wenzeslaus in Litzendorf
- 360-degree view of the church forecourt on Google Maps
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Bayerischer Rundfunk: 12th of September 2018 from the parish church of St. Wenzeslaus in Litzendorf . Online at www.br.de ; accessed on October 3, 2018.
- ↑ a b c d e History and interesting facts about the Litzendorf Church . Online at pfarrei-litzendorf.de ; accessed on October 3, 2018.
- ^ The Litzendorf parish church of St. Wenceslas . Online at www.litzendorf.de ; accessed on October 3, 2018.
Coordinates: 49 ° 54 '46 " N , 11 ° 0' 36.4" E