Tabasco sauce
| Tabasco sauce | |
|---|---|
|
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| Owner / user | McIlhenny Co. |
| Introductory year | 1868 |
| Products | Spice |
| Markets | Food |
| Website | tabasco.de |
Tabasco sauce ( ) is a crisp chili sauce on the basis of Tabasco chilies , since 1868 by the company Co. McIlhenny is made. The original Tabasco sauce is called Tabasco Pepper Sauce , but the Tabasco product range now also includes other sauces, such as the milder Tabasco Green Pepper Sauce made from green jalapeño chilis or the Tabasco Garlic Pepper Sauce with garlic . The company's headquarters are on Avery Island , Louisiana . The name "Tabasco" is a registered trademark ; it is derived from the state of the same name in Mexico and in the language of the indigenous peoples there is said to mean "land in which the earth is hot and humid".
Manufacturing
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The exact manufacturing process and the recipe of the Tabasco sauce are a company secret. It is known that Tabasco sauce is made from vinegar , crushed, ripe chilies and salt without the addition of preservatives or colorings . The special taste of the sauce develops through the fermentation process that the chilli brew goes through during its storage in oak barrels for up to three years . They take over the barrels from Jack Daniel’s , as the whiskey can only mature in new, unused barrels and these are then no longer needed. The chillies used for the sauce come from plants that the company is responsible for growing. The salt is obtained from Avery Island salt stores, the headquarters of McIlhenny Co. The sauce is mostly sold in 2 oz (57 ml) or 5 oz (148 ml) bottles, but larger versions are also available up to a gallon (approx. 3.8 L) and miniature bottles of 1/8 oz (approx. 4 ml).
Growing the chili peppers
Originally, all of the chillies used for tabasco sauce were grown on Avery Island or other parts of southern Louisiana, often on small family farms that sold their crops to McIlhenny Co. or other producers, but also on fields owned by the company, where workers from the surrounding towns worked . During the transition from small farms to large farms that took place across the United States in the 20th century, the structure of agriculture in Louisiana also changed. While in 1938 Louisiana was the number one chili-growing US state, production soon shifted to sugar cane , rice and soybeans . However, in order to meet the increased demand for Tabasco sauce and thus also chilies, the company started to move the cultivation partly to Latin America . Due to the prevailing climatic conditions there, which are better for growing chilli than on Avery Island, a supply of fresh chillies could be guaranteed throughout the year. Even today, a large proportion of the chillies are grown in Latin America, but the plants that grow there come directly from the plants that are grown on Avery Island. The seeds are taken from these and sent to the contract farmers. So that the hand-picked chillies have the ideal degree of ripeness for harvest, the color of the fruit is checked with a small red stick, also known as "le petit baton rouge", before picking. If the color of the chilli does not match that of the stick, the fruit will not be harvested. The harvested chillies are chopped up on site, mixed with salt and delivered to Avery Island, where ripening then begins.
export
| country | country |
|---|---|
| 1. Japan | 7. South Korea |
| 2. Germany | 8. Spain |
| 3. Great Britain | 9. France |
| 4. Mexico | 10. Australia |
| 5. Singapore | 11. South Africa |
| 6. Canada |
All Tabasco bottles sold worldwide are filled on Avery Island, there are no differences in the recipe used. This means that exactly the same Tabasco sauce is available all over the world. In 2015 the Tabasco sauce was sold in a total of 180 countries, the bottles and packaging are available in 21 different languages or dialects. These include languages such as Hindi and Arabic as well as one version each for Germany , Austria and Switzerland ( German / French ). In each export country there is a local distributor who buys the products directly from McIlhenny Co. and is responsible for sales and marketing in the respective country. Although the respective distributors are responsible for marketing, McIlhenny Co. can confirm or change the marketing concepts.
Sales in Germany are in the hands of Develey Senf & Feinkost GmbH .
Products
Tabasco Pepper Sauce
The Tabasco Pepper Sauce is the main product of the Tabasco product line and is still made today according to the original recipe from 1868. The sharpness is specified with 2500 to 5000 SCU . As one of the most famous chili sauces, it is not only used in kitchens almost all over the world, it is also part of some cocktails . The most famous alcoholic drink for which Tabasco sauce is used is the Bloody Mary .
Tabasco Green Pepper Sauce
In 1993, the year of the company's 125th anniversary, a second chilli sauce was added to the range with the Tabasco Green Pepper Sauce . Instead of the Tabasco chilies, the green fruits of the ' Jalapeño ' variety are used here , which also give the sauce its own flavor. At 600 to 1200 SCU, the heat is less than that of the original Tabasco sauce.
Tabasco Garlic Pepper Sauce
Two more sauces were added to the program in 1996. The first, also milder than the original Tabasco sauce , is the Tabasco Garlic Pepper Sauce . The sharpness is specified with 1200 to 1800 SCU. In addition to the garlic already mentioned in the name , chilies of the varieties ' Cayenne ', ' Tabasco ' and ' Jalapeño ' (but here in the ripe, red state) are used.
Tabasco Habanero Pepper Sauce
The second hottest sauce with the name "Tabasco" is the Tabasco Habanero Pepper Sauce with 7000 to 8000 SCU, which has also been produced since 1996. The habanero chilis used are among the hottest in the world. Based on typical fruity chilli sauces, as they are known from Jamaica , the sauce also contains mangoes , papayas , tamarind , bananas , ginger and black pepper . Due to the way it is made, the sauce is also comparatively mild compared to other habanero chilli sauces, as these often work with chili concentrates.
Tabasco Chipotle Pepper Sauce
The Tabasco Chipotle Pepper Sauce , which has been produced since 2001, has a smoky taste . This is thanks to the use of smoked , ripe jalapeño fruits, known as chipotle . This special aroma makes the Tabasco Chipotle Pepper Sauce especially suitable for use with grilled dishes or barbecues . At 1500 to 2500 SCU, the heat is slightly below that of the original Tabasco sauce.
Tabasco Sweet & Spicy Pepper Sauce
The Tabasco Sweet & Spicy Pepper Sauce , introduced in 2005 , which is said to be reminiscent of Asian chilli sauces with its sweetness, is the mildest of the Tabasco chilli sauces currently available with only 100 to 600 SCU.
Tabasco Buffalo Style Hot Sauce
In March 2011, the Tabasco Buffalo Style Hot Sauce with Cayenne Pepper and Garlic was introduced. At 300 to 900 SCU, it is also comparatively mild.
Tabasco Raspberry Chipotle Pepper Sauce
In June 2012, the company expanded its range for the first time to include a sauce with fruit ingredients. The Tabasco Raspberry Chipotle Pepper Sauce is the Tabasco Chipotle Pepper Sauce supplemented with raspberry puree. With this addition, the sauce not only tastes sweet, but is also significantly milder than the chipotle sauce. It is recommended for marinating beef, fish or poultry, but also for salad dressing or on ice cream.
Tabasco Scorpion Pepper Sauce
The hottest sauce with the name "Tabasco" is now the Tabasco Scorpion Pepper Sauce with around 50,000 SCU. It is about 10 to 20 times hotter than the original Tabasco sauce. The Tabasco Scorpion Pepper Sauce replaced the Tabasco Habanero Pepper Sauce as the hottest Tabasco sauce . Scorpion Pepper Chilies are responsible for the spiciness ; other ingredients include guava puree, pineapple , spices and chilli pulp.
Further products
In addition to the Tabasco sauces themselves, the Tabasco logo can be found on a variety of other products. On the one hand, there are products that are sold under the main Tabasco brand, such as soy sauce , Worcestershire sauce , teriyaki marinade, pickled vegetables and olives or chili jelly . On the other hand, there are also products that are part of the range of other American brand companies, but are made with Tabasco sauce. The Tabasco logo is also shown on the packaging of these products in order to benefit from the familiarity of both brands.
This advertising concept, known as co-branding , was introduced by McIlhenny in 1987 with the meat snack Slim Jim Spiced with TABASCO Sauce from Goodmark Foods, Inc. (now ConAgra Foods ). Other examples of such collaborations are Heinz Ketchup Kick'rs , Hormel Hot & Spicy Tabasco Flavored Chili or A1 Bold & Spicy Steak Sauce with Tabasco from Kraft Foods Group and even confectionery such as jelly belly beans.
history
Still family-owned today, McIlhenny Co. can look back on a history that dates back to the mid-19th century. Many of the details and facts mentioned in reports about the company's history are only known through family tradition, so that the correctness of the statements can often not be proven in retrospect.
founding of the company
According to the company's founding myth, Edmund McIlhenny was given the first Tabasco pepper seeds by a stranger. He is said to have received the chili peppers in Central America before coming to Louisiana, where he met Edmund McIlhenny. This encounter could have been dated around 1850, the Sami may have been a souvenir from the Mexican-American War of 1846-1848.
When the McIlhenny family had to flee in 1863 because of the American Civil War , they left behind the salt mines and some chilli plants on the family-owned Avery Island . When the family returned to their property after the war, the property was devastated, only some of the chillies are said to have been preserved.
For the next several years, Edmund McIlhenny experimented with making sauces from the fruits of these plants until he started selling his own sauce in 1868. The first 350 bottles that were distributed as samples to various dealers are said to have been old, washed-out perfume bottles. This made it possible to portion the sauce drop by drop. After positive feedback on the sauce samples from various retailers, Edmund McIlhenny started producing his sauce on a larger scale with the McIlhenny Co. , a company he founded . The first regularly sold bottles were also perfume bottles, but this time new bottles bought from a glass factory in New Orleans .
Origin of the name "Tabasco"
When Edmund McIlhenny first wanted to sell the sauce he had made, it was initially supposed to be called Petite Anse Sauce , based on the family-owned Avery Island . However, other family members were against using the island's name for commercial purposes, so McIlhenny decided on the name Tabasco Pepper Sauce . There are various etymological explanations for the name Tabasco , the most common being that the word means something like "land where the earth is hot and humid", but there is also the theory that the real meaning is "place of corals or oysters “Is. The fact that at that time there was already a brisk ship trade between New Orleans and the Tabasco region across the Gulf of Mexico suggests that this does not mean Avery Island, but the region of the same name in Mexico . Already at this time Tabasco was known for the cultivation and export of chillies, so that it can be assumed that McIlhenny used this association between the name of the region and the chillies grown there for the name of his sauce. However, it is not known whether the plants he cultivated actually came from Mexico, as he did not document their origin and only referred to them as pepper in his records . It was not until 1888 that the botanist E. Lewis Sturtevant described the chilli variety grown by McIlhenny as Capsicum frutescens cv. 'Tabasco'.
General Hazard
A General Hazard, who is said to have been a senior federal employee in Louisiana around 1868, is in many reports ascribed a significant role in the early days of tabasco sauce. It is said that he got one of the first Tabasco bottles from Edmund McIlhenny and was so enthusiastic about the sauce that he convinced his brother, a major New York grocer , to sell the sauce nationwide. Recent research has shown that this story cannot be truthfully transmitted. Although there was General Hazard, according to current knowledge, he was no longer on duty when he came to Louisiana. Furthermore, the grocer EC Hazard was not the general's brother but a cousin. It is not known exactly what role he played in the introduction of the Tabasco sauce.
Indication of origin
Since the McIlhenny Co. was founded, “New Iberia, LA” has been stated on all Tabasco bottles and packaging as the place of origin and company headquarters. This was largely due to the fact that New Iberia was the closest port from Avery Island. It was not until the 1980s that the location changed to the actual home of the tabasco sauce “Avery Island, LA”.
The dispute over patent and naming rights
As the McIlhenny Co.'s Tabasco sauce gained popularity over time, competitors tried to share in the sauce's success. This sometimes resulted in protracted disputes that mostly ended in court. A frequent point of contention was the manufacturing method, which was patented by McIlhenny in 1870 under the number "US 107,701" . On the other hand, McIlhenny Co. tried to prevent other competitors from selling similar products by using the term Tabasco or by optically imitating the packaging.
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Due to the upheaval in patent and trademark law in the USA at this time, many legal bases were not yet in place, so that many different judgments for and against McIlhenny Co. were made and various legal disputes dragged on until 1920.
The ruling of 1920 is still legally binding today, McIlhenny Co. is the only company allowed to produce Tabasco sauce and even name sauces that do not contain any 'Tabasco' chillies. However, since the patent protection on the production method has now expired, other manufacturers are allowed to sell sauces produced in a similar way. These are mostly marked with the name Louisiana Style and may bear the note that they are made from 'Tabasco' chillies.
Edmund McIlhenny and Maunsel White
Many rumors surround the connection between the two men who are credited with making the original Tabasco sauce. While it is often claimed that Edmund McIlhenny obtained the chilli seeds or even the recipe for his sauce from Maunsel White and used it in his favor, the McIlhenny Co. makes it important that there is no evidence of such a connection. The only known connection between the two sauce makers is a friendship between Maunsel White and Edmund McIlhenny's father-in-law Daniel Dudley Avery. However, it is not known whether an exchange of chilli seeds or even recipes took place.
Connections to the US military
Little is known about the fact that the McIlhenny Co. has long had close ties with the US military . The company's second president and son of Edmund McIlhenny, John Avery McIlhenny, fought for the 1st US Volunteer Cavalry Regiment in the Spanish-American War . His son, Walter S. McIlhenny, who ran the company from 1949 to 1985, was a former soldier in World War II and was very close to the US Marine Corps as a reservist after the war , most recently in the rank of Brigadier General . During the Vietnam War he wrote " The Charlie Ration Cookbook ", a cookbook for the field rations of US soldiers in Vietnam. The book was sent to the front along with a bottle of Tabasco sauce in a waterproof container. It includes recipes with names like " Breast of Chicken under Bullets " (chicken breast with balls), " Battlefield Fufu " (Schlachtfeld- Fufu ) or " Cease Fire Casserole " (truce casserole). In 1984 another cookbook by Walter S. McIlhenny was published with the title " The Unofficial MRE Recipe Booklet ", which is illustrated with Beetle-Bailey comics. Even today, tabasco sauce is part of various MRE packs (Meal, Ready to Eat) used by the US military. A "Tabasco Christmas tree" was made known by US soldiers during the deployment in Afghanistan in December 2001. The tree was made of tarpaulin and hung with the miniature bottles from the food rations.
Maintaining the home and company tradition
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The details of the sometimes rather eventful history of the McIlhenny Co. are being looked after more than before. The company employs a historian who tries to distinguish facts and legends and to present the history of the company as precisely as possible.
Efforts are also being made to keep the nature of the small, company-owned Avery Island largely untouched. As early as 1892, the then president of the company, Edward Avery “Mr. Ned "McIlhenny, created a bird sanctuary that was later named" Bird City ". The European heron , which was almost on the verge of extinction, was able to survive, among other things, thanks to the population in this reserve. "Bird City" is now part of the "Jungle Gardens", where you can see rare birds and rare plants. When Edward Avery McIlhenny died in 1949, he left his nephew John Stauffer McIlhenny an extensive collection of science books, which John continued to expand and maintain. In 1971 he donated this collection to Louisiana State University and supplemented it until his death in 1997. Today the "McIlhenny Collection" comprises around 6000 volumes, including an edition of the Libri de re rustica from 1514.
A collection of cookbooks started by Walter S. McIlhenny is still owned by the company and is being expanded. The focus of the collection is on the recipe collections called Community Cookbooks from non-commercial institutions and associations. The Tabasco Community Cookbook Awards are presented annually to the best of these cookbooks. If one of the cookbooks has sold over 100,000 copies, it can be inducted into the Walter S. McIlhenny Hall Of Fame .
Despite strong conservation efforts, McIlhenny Co. has allowed the oil to be extracted from the deposits near Avery Island since 1941 . Until 1986, Exxon USA, or its predecessor Humble Oil Company, produced 95 million barrels of oil. However, in order not to endanger the appearance as well as the flora and fauna of the island by the presence of the oil industry, McIlhenny Co. has always attached great importance to including corresponding clauses in the usage contracts. For example, all pipelines on Avery Island need to be buried underground.
In 2004, McIlhenny Co. announced that it would set up a museum in New Orleans to better showcase the company's history. However, the opening of the museum had to be postponed because Hurricane Katrina destroyed large parts of Louisiana and New Orleans in August 2005 .
Others
Boycott in the British House of Commons
In 1932 the British government launched a campaign called “Buy British” to help local trade. In relation to this action, on December 13, 1942, during the session of the House of Commons , there was an inquiry as to why the Tabasco sauce, which originated in the USA, was still offered in the dining rooms of the House of Commons . Sir J. Ganzoni, head of the kitchen committee, replied “ that only eight […] bottles of tabasco sauce, each holding about 2oz, had been ordered for the dining rooms of the House of Commons during the past year. […] No more tabasco sauce would now be purchased after the present supply was exhausted. “(… That last year only eight 2oz bottles were ordered for the dining rooms of the House of Commons . […] As soon as the current supply is exhausted, no more Tabasco sauce will be bought.) Only through this statement did you get up in America the action "Buy British" attentively. William Randolph Hearst , media mogul at the time, then launched a counter-action that not only turned against English competition, but against all cheap imports.
It is sometimes claimed that the members of the British House of Commons themselves later protested against the Tabasco boycott, as there was no comparable British sauce, and thus brought the Tabasco sauce back into the dining rooms. However, when and how the American sauce found its way back into the House of Commons is not documented.
Short-term involvement in motorsport
In 1997, McIlhenny Co. announced that it would sponsor the ISM Racing Team , led by Bob Hancher, in the NASCAR Winston Cup . The Pontiac with the starting number 35 and Todd Bodine as driver made its first appearance in the race at the Charlotte Motor Speedway on October 5, 1997 and finished in 26th place. In other races in the 1998 season, Bodine was able to take tenth place once , usually ended up in the lower midfield or couldn't even qualify for the race.
Therefore, the team decided, without consulting the sponsor, to cancel Bodine's contract and use Gary Bradberry as a driver in the 17th race of the season , but he retired with engine failure. In the 18th race, Jimmy Horton was supposed to drive the car, but could not qualify for the race. As a result, the team, again without consulting the sponsor McIlhenny, sold to Tim Beverly , who shortly before bought another NASCAR team and continued as Tyler Jet Motorsports . He decided to change the car between two teams so that on 1 August 1998, the Chevrolet of Tyler Jet Motorsports team in the Tabasco colors went with Darrell Waltrip as a new driver.
Shortly after the race there were the first rumors of angry reactions from the McIlhenny Co., which had geared their PR strategy to both Todd Bodine as the driver and a Pontiac as the vehicle. On August 4, 1998, Paul McIlhenny, CEO of McIlhenny Co., asked for clarification about what was happening around the "Team Tabasco" car, as he had not yet spoken to Tim Beverly, the team's new owner. During the following race on August 9th, the Chevrolet started again for the team, but from the next race on August 16, the Pontiac in the Tabasco colors could be seen again, with Darrell Waltrip at the wheel. At the end of the season McIlhenny Co. retired from motorsport.
Tabasco sauce in film and literature
Tabasco sauce appears as a prop in various films. These include The Immigrant with Charlie Chaplin (1917), La Cucaracha (1934), the James Bond films The Man With the Golden Gun (1974) and The Spy Who Loved Me (1977), Apocalypse Now (1979), Back in die Zukunft III (1990), “ Voll normaaal ” (1994), the series Roswell , Ben Affleck's little-known film Gigli (2003) and The Fast and the Furious: Tokyo Drift (2006). The well-known chilli sauce also appears in the film Kiss the Frog (2009). In the Lucky Luke comic The Escort , Tabasco was used, among other things, to break out of prison.
literature
- Paul McIlhenny, Barbara Hunter: The tabasco cookbook: 125 years of America's favorite pepper sauce . Gramercy Books, New York 2004, ISBN 0-517-22334-1 .
- Richard Schweid: Hot peppers: the story of Cajuns and Capsicum . Ed .: University of North Carolina. Chapel Hill Books, 1999, ISBN 0-8078-4826-3 .
- Patent US107701 : (Patent on Tabasco sauce from 1870).
Web links
- tabasco.de German website
- tabasco.com English-language website
Individual evidence
- ↑ http://mentalfloss.com/article/62430/15-things-you-probably-didnt-know-about-tabasco-sauce
- ↑ Richard Schweid: Hot peppers: the story of Cajuns and Capsicum . Ed .: University of North Carolina. Chapel Hill Books, 1999, ISBN 0-8078-4826-3 , pp. 29 ff .
- ↑ As of 2005, source: McIlhenny Co.
- ↑ Develey Senf: Tabasco: 2015. In: tabasco.de. Retrieved January 16, 2017 .
- ↑ Michael Durach: Why Tabasco is so versatile . In: Rundschau for the grocery trade . No. 37 , June 2007, p. 56–57 ( food rundschau.net [PDF]). ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )
- ↑ SWEET & Spicy Sauce. (No longer available online.) In: tabasco.com. TABASCO.com, archived from the original on January 7, 2012 ; accessed on April 14, 2016 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Buffalo Style Hot Sauce. (No longer available online.) In: tabasco.com. TABASCO.com, archived from the original on January 24, 2012 ; accessed on April 14, 2016 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Raspberry Chipotle Tabasco Taste Test. In: huffingtonpost.com. Huffington Post, accessed May 3, 2017 .
- ↑ Wildcapsicum.org: How hot is Tabasco? In: WIldcapsicum.org. Retrieved April 15, 2018 .
- ↑ a b c d Myths | McIlhenny Company. (No longer available online.) In: tabasco.com. TABASCO.com, archived from the original on December 28, 2011 ; accessed on April 14, 2016 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ TABASCO - the hot, legendary pepper sauce! (No longer available online.) In: tabasco.com. TABASCO.com, archived from the original on August 27, 2010 ; accessed on April 14, 2016 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Richard Schweid: Hot peppers: the story of Cajuns and Capsicum . Ed .: University of North Carolina. Chapel Hill Books, 1999, ISBN 0-8078-4826-3 , pp. 44 f .
- ^ Roger M. Grace: "Reminiscing" - nostaligica columns . In: Metropolitan News-Enterprise . July – November. Los Angeles 2004 ( metnews.com [accessed April 14, 2016]).
- ↑ Walter S. McIlhenny ( August 6, 2007 memento on the Internet Archive ) in Who's Who in Marine Corps History, USMC Historic Division.
- ↑ The Charlie Ration Cookbook ( Memento of the original from November 25, 2006 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , McIlhenny Co., scan at www.thefontman.com.
- ^ The Unofficial MRE Recipe Booklet , 1984, McIlhenny Co., scan at www.freerepublic.com.
- ↑ TABASCO - the hot, legendary pepper sauce! (No longer available online.) In: tabasco.com. TABASCO.com, archived from the original on January 9, 2008 ; accessed on April 14, 2016 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Avery Island. (No longer available online.) In: tabasco.com. TABASCO.com, archived from the original on January 17, 2012 ; accessed on April 14, 2016 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Elaine Smyth: . In: . Vol. 47, No. 4, 2001, pp. 134-136. Elaine Smyth: The EA McIlhenny Natural History Collection . In: Plant Science Bulletin . tape 47 , no. 4 , 2001, p. 134-136 ( botany.org ).
- ↑ 17th Annual Tabasco Community Cookbook Awards - Entry Form ( Memento of the original from November 9, 2006 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF) McIlhenny Co., 2006.
- ↑ Richard Schweid: Hot peppers: the story of Cajuns and Capsicum . Ed .: University of North Carolina. Chapel Hill Books, 1999, ISBN 0-8078-4826-3 , pp. 39 .
- ^ McIlhenny Company Rediscovers Its History with Opening of New Orleans Museum ( Memento of the original from September 6, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ See The Times, Wednesday, Dec 14, 1932; pg. 6; Issue 46316; col D.
- ^ See New Orleans State, Tuesday Jan 17, 1933.
- ↑ a b www.racing-reference.info database with results of the NASCAR races ( first race of Team Tabasco 1997 , all races of Todd Bodine 1998 , races with Gary Bradberry as Team Tabasco driver , all races of Darrell Waltrip 1998 )
- ↑ jayski.com news archive, see news from August 1, 1998 and August 6, 1998
- ^ Morris, René Goscinny: The Escort . In: Lucky Luke . Reprinted. tape 44 . Egmont, Berlin / Cologne 2012, ISBN 978-3-7704-3587-6 , pp. 38 .
Coordinates: 29 ° 54'35.3 " N , 91 ° 54'9" W.
