Constitutional charter for the royal residence city of Hanover

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"By the grace of God, we ...";
George IV , King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland “enacted” the city constitutions of 1821 and 1824 for Hanover

The constitutional charter for the royal residence city of Hanover was issued in 1824 by Georg IV August Friedrich ( English George Augustus Frederick ), King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and King of Hanover , for the then city of Hanover . The document formed the basis for the unification of the old town of Hanover with the Calenberger Neustadt and at the same time marks the " incorporation " and enlargement of the urban area that began in the 19th century shortly before the start of industrialization in the Kingdom of Hanover.

history

prehistory

The two independent cities of Hanover and Calenberger Neustadt , including the joint city ​​fortifications of Hanover , as well as the village of Linden ;
City map of Hanover from 1800, printed in London

The original “ sovereign city ​​regiment” from 1699 was replaced by the French Mairie constitution at the beginning of the 19th century during the time of the Napoleonic Wars and the Kingdom of Westphalia . Immediately before the French occupation of the royal seat of Hanover, Ernst Friedrich Hector Falcke and, from 1810, his successor Ludwig Christian Wilhelm Zwicker were mayors of Hanover. Zwicker had to resign from his office in connection with the integration of Hanover into the Kingdom of Westphalia, and then only exercised his second term of office from 1813 to 1820.

New provisional constitution for the old town

Seven years after the Congress of Vienna and the elevation to the Kingdom of Hanover, in 1821, King George IV of Great Britain and Ireland, for the first time since 1755, a sovereign again visited his Guelph homeland. At the then stone gate of Hanover, he moved into the city through a " gate of honor" built by the citizens and took up residence in Herrenhausen . In the same year the “New Provisional Constitution of the Old Town ” , which was valid until 1824, came into force. Also in 1821, a census showed 15,404 inhabitants for the two cities that were still administered separately, and 1,617 inhabitants for the village of Linden . The provisional city constitution separated the judiciary and administration in Hanover:

The “administrative magistrate” and the city court together formed the “general” magistrate's college .

Opposite him stood citizen chief -Kollegium. The provisional city constitution led to the division of the old town into twelve districts , each with three districts , from which twelve mayor and 39 district leaders were elected. However, only citizens in the top tax bracket who also owned their own house in Hanover are allowed to vote . The mayor held their constituent meeting on February 25, 1821.

Constitutional charter for the royal residence city of Hanover

King George IV issued the constitutional charter for the royal residence city of Hanover in 1824 in the style of absolutism . The industrialization that began with the invention of the steam engine had hardly begun in the Kingdom of Hanover; the "Kalkjohann" Johann Egestorff , father of the late industrialist Georg Egestorff was, however, already in 1822 as " Hofkalklieferant been awarded" operational brisk trade on the leash - navigation between its lime kilns in Bremen and Linden and had at least already have my own sugar - Siederei up . The first steam engine, however, was not installed in the hospital until 1833 and in the "August Söhlmann leather factory".

In particular, the new constitution united the two previously separately administered cities in the old town of Hanover and Calenberger Neustadt. Instead of the previous 12, 16 districts had now been formed, and the number of mayor heads increased accordingly to 16. The number of members of the magistrate's college has now been increased to 7 civil servants and 8 honorary senators; The additional members were elected jointly by the assembly of the previous magistrate council and the previous citizenship council, both together had the right to vote or to present themselves. Together they proposed three candidates each for the appointment of city director, city court director and city syndikus ; The state cabinet ministry selected one of these and proposed him to the king for appointment. In 1824 Georg Ernst Friedrich Hoppenstedt returned to the state government as a secret cabinet member, his successor becoming city director Wilhelm Rumann .

In summary, only the citizens of the top tax brackets had a “right to vote” for the mayor. The personal additions to the composition of the municipal colleges - from "elected" and proposed with three alternatives by the magistrate and the citizen council - had to be confirmed by the higher state authority before the king alone made the decision.

City map Hanover 1835: The Waterlooplatz built by court architect Laves with its orientation towards the lordly Leineschloss reflects the absolutist attitude of the time

This absolutist worldview, which is solely focused on the king, is still reflected in the city ​​map of Hanover today : the Hanoverian court architect Georg Ludwig Friedrich Laves included the merger of the old town and Calenberger Neustadt in his Waterlooplatz with the Waterloo Column, which was built between 1826 and 1832 . In its absolutist basic conception, the axis of the square is oriented towards the lordly Leineschloss and in its extension towards the city's first train station, which was built later after a long dispute with the competing city architect August Heinrich Andreae from 1843.

But only with the decision of the new King Ernst August for the construction of the railway and for the location of the necessary train station, only with the construction of the Ernst-August-Platz “in the form of an elongated pentagon” and as the “prelude to a townscape that shaped the cityscape as far as Georgsplatz Spatial sequence ”according to plans by Laves, the absolutist urban building was reaching its climax.

Absolutist urban planning in the later industrial city of Linden

The Villa Rosa , built by Georg Ludwig Friedrich Laves in the Glocksee around 1830, is considered the last garden villa of its kind

In terms of urban planning , the absolutist worldview of 1824 is also reflected in the industrial city of Linden, which was elevated to an independent city more than half a century later in 1885 . From 1827 had been struggling even to the incorporation of the then "most beautiful village of the Kingdom", as the "beautiful family" the village long ago as the preferred garden location and villas - suburb had discovered. This development only came to an end with the industrialization that began there from 1830. But the development within the historical network of roads from Limmerstraße , Kötnerholzweg and Fössestraße was continued after 1850 on the basis of the state development plan for which Laves had provided the preparatory work.

Viktoriastraße , which was built around 1856 as a byway of Blumenauer Straße in the (today's) district of Linden-Nord , was named in 1857 after Victoria , Queen of the British Empire, "because the street [allegedly] was populated with English workers ( mechanical weaving mills )". And even after the establishment of the German Empire , Albertstrasse , which was laid out there around 1870 and named in 1872, was named after Prince Albert , the husband of the British monarch.

literature

  • Adolph Broennenberg, Julius Grote to look: The Hanoverian city law. In: Patriotic archive of the historical association for Lower Saxony. Born in 1844, issues 2, 3 and 4, Hahnsche Hofbuchhandlung, Hanover 1846 ( uni-heidelberg.de as facsimile ).
  • G. Frensdorff: The city constitution of Hanover in old and new times (= Hanseatic history sheets. 1882 [special print 1883]).
  • H. Grote: The earlier constitution of the city of Hanover. In: Hannoversche Geschichtsblätter . Episode 3, 1900.
  • Citizen and district chairman of the city of Hanover 1842 and 1852. In: Hannoversche Geschichtsblätter. Volume 8, 1905, pp. 254-256, 365-367.
  • Otto Jürgens : From the past of the city of Hanover. In: Hannoversche Geschichtsblätter. Volume 31, 1928, pp. 1-246.
  • E. Büttner: The city of Hanover and its historical and administrative development. In: Yearbook of the Geographical Society of Hanover. 1940/41, part 1, pp. 229-262.
  • W. Florian: Princely absolutism in its effects on the constitution, administration and economy of the city of Hanover. In: Hannoversche Geschichtsblätter. New episode 7, 1954, pp. 195–342.
  • Karljosef Kreter : Great moments in Hanover - local historical aspects of democracy using the example of the Citizens' Council 1821–1848. In: Karljosef Kreter, Gerhard Schneider (Ed.): City and tradition. Festschrift for Klaus Mlynek (= Hannoversche Studien , Volume 7). Hahn, Hannover 1999, ISBN 3-7752-4957-5 , pp. 65-83.
  • J. May: From the city government to bourgeois local politics. Lines of development of the Hanoverian city policy from 1699 to 1824. 2000.
  • Klaus Mlynek : City constitution. In: Klaus Mlynek, Waldemar R. Röhrbein (eds.) U. a .: City Lexicon Hanover . From the beginning to the present. Schlütersche, Hannover 2009, ISBN 978-3-89993-662-9 , p. 594 ff., Here: p. 595.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e Dieter Brosius : 1824. In: Hannover Chronik , p. 115; online through google books
  2. ^ Georg IV .: Constitutional document for the royal residence city of Hanover. Carlton House , March 12th, 1824 (preview books.google.de ).
  3. ^ Klaus Mlynek: incorporations. In: Stadtlexikon Hannover , p. 153
  4. ↑ a b c Waldemar R. Röhrbein: Industrialization. In: Stadtlexikon Hannover. P. 314 f.
  5. ^ Carl-Hans Hauptmeyer : 1699. In: Hannover Chronik. P. 71 f. ( books.google.de ).
  6. ^ A b c d e f g Klaus Mlynek: Stadtverfassungs In: Stadtlexikon Hannover. 2009.
  7. ^ Klaus Mlynek: Falcke (falcon) (1), Ernst Friedrich Hector. In: Hannoversches Biographisches Lexikon. P. 114 ( books.google.com ).
  8. ↑ Klaus Mlynek: ZWICKER, Ludwig Christian Wilhelm. In: Hannoversches Biographisches Lexikon. P. 400.
  9. ↑ a b c d e f Dieter Brosius: 1821. In: Hannover Chronik. From the beginning to the present - numbers, data, facts. Schlütersche, Hannover 1991, p. 114 f. (Snippet: books.google.de ).
  10. ^ Waldemar R. Röhrbein : Egestorff, (2) Johann. In: Stadtlexikon Hannover. P. 145.
  11. ^ Gerd Weiß, Walter Wulf (editor): City of Hanover. Historical overview. In: Monument topography of the Federal Republic of Germany , architectural monuments in Lower Saxony, City of Hanover, Part 1, [Bd.] 10.1 , ed. by Hans-Herbert Möller, ISBN 3-528-06203-7 , pp. 13–22, here: p. 15
  12. ↑ a b Harold Hammer-Schenk : Notes on urban planning. In: Harold Hammer-Schenk, Günther Kokkelink (eds.): Laves and Hannover. Lower Saxony architecture in the nineteenth century (revised new edition of the publication Vom Schloss zum Bahnhof ... ), Ed. Libri Artis Schäfer, 1989, ISBN 3-88746-236-X , pp. 241-294; here v. a. P. 264f.
  13. ^ Helmut Knocke , Hugo Thielen : Ernst-August-Platz. In: Hannover Art and Culture Lexicon , p. 104f.
  14. ^ Eva Benz-Rababah : Ernst-August-Stadt. In: Stadtlexikon Hannover , p. 165
  15. ^ A b Klaus Mlynek: Linden. In: Stadtlexikon Hannover. P. 406 ff.
  16. ↑ Bernhard Dörries, Helmut Plath (Ed.): Alt-Hannover 1500 - 1900 / The history of a city in contemporary images from 1500 - 1900. fourth, improved edition. Heinrich Feesche Verlag, Hanover 1977, ISBN 3-87223-024-7 , p. 83.
  17. ^ Helmut Zimmermann : Albertstrasse. In: The street names of the state capital Hanover. Hahnsche Buchhandlung Verlag, Hannover 1992, ISBN 3-7752-6120-6 , p. 253.
  18. ^ Helmut Zimmermann: Albertstrasse. In: The street names…. P. 10.
  19. ↑ Note: Helmut Zimmermann speculated according to the information in the Hanover address book from 1926, after which the street “probably was named after Albert Meyer , son of the banker Adolph Meyer ”: “Perhaps Abraham Albert Meyer (June 10, 1844 in Hanover - around 1900), more credible the statement [... from the address book of 1925] that the street was named after ... [the English] ". In contrast , Klaus Mlynek states in the later developed city encyclopedia of Hanover under the keyword "Linden" the name is clearly after the husband of the British monarch "because of the English workers temporarily living here".