Guard cell

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Guard cell
Municipality Pollenfeld
Coordinates: 48 ° 57 ′ 39 ″  N , 11 ° 13 ′ 42 ″  E
Height : 527 m
Residents : 312  (Jan. 1, 2015)
Incorporation : January 1, 1972
Postal code : 85131
Area code : 08423
Image by Wachenzell

Wachenzell is a district of the municipality of Pollenfeld in the Eichstätt district and has 312 inhabitants (as of January 1, 2015). The village is known for its unique dolomite , also known as the Wachenzeller dolomite .

geography

Geographical location

Wachenzell is located in the middle of the Altmühltal Nature Park on the Franconian Jura , also known as the Franconian Alb . The village is situated in the northernmost Upper Bavaria , about 10 km from the border with the Region of Central Franconia removed. The former Roman Limes border wall runs approx. 2 km north of Wachenzell. The German Limes Road runs through the village .

geology

Street in Wachenzell

To the southwest of Wachenzell, the so-called rock labyrinth rises in a dry valley , a 24-meter-wide and 10-meter-high rock wall made of sponge limestone from the Malm Delta . Behind it is a larger sinkhole . In the immediate vicinity, a karst shaft , which serves as a water drainage hole when it rains, leads vertically downwards (Bavarian geotope no. 176R011 "Ponordoline Wachenzell").

The frost-resistant Wachenzeller dolomite is a thinly layered rock with a rough, sugar-grained structure which, when exposed to light, causes a glitter on the raw piece (distinguishing feature from Jura limestone). A faint cloud is noticeable on the polished piece. Occasionally it has a few small pores, but hardly any veins. The block size can be many cubic meters. It was used in the following buildings, among others:

history

Jurahaus in Wachenzell

In 1896, high school professor Sebastian Englert found and dug barrows from the Bronze and Hallstatt ages near the village . The foundations of two Limes towers in the Wachenzell corridor date from Roman times.

A church was consecrated in Wachenzell under Bishop Gundekar II (1057-1075). From 1129 to 1387 a local nobility, i.e. noble-free, is proven; a document from 1137 mentions “Purchart de Wachencelle” as a witness. 1179 confirmed Pope Alexander III. the Eichstätter cathedral chapter its Wachenzeller property (church and Meierhof). In the dispute over the Hirschberg inheritance in 1305, the Hochstift received the place; In 1306 King Albrecht confirmed the village court rights to the bishop and the cathedral chapter. Přemysl , Duke of Bohemia and imperial court judge in Prague , granted Heinrich von Absberg , who was sitting in Rumburg Castle , the property of Wachenzell and other villages, including rights , in 1377 . At Eichstätts admission, King Wenzel declared the Absberger's claims to be unfounded two years later, so that the cathedral chapter again held property and rights. In 1413 the Eichstatt Bishop Friedrich IV bought Johann von Heideck auf Brunneck's property in Wachenzell, including the “castle”, of which there are no more traces.

In 1724, the school in Wachenzell was first mentioned in a document. The schoolmaster was both blacksmith and sacristan. In 1903 a school building was built. The school was rebuilt in 1928. In 1969 the school district was closed and the Pollenfeld elementary school was assigned. Local associations and groups can hold events in the former community-owned school.

After secularization , Wachenzell was incorporated into the royal Bavarian district court of Eichstätt in 1806. Since 1820 Wachenzell was an independent community with a community leader. In 1850 a washing hut was built in Wachenzell for the iron ore found here in the "Eisengrübl" area for the Obereichstätter ironworks. The Wachenzeller dolomite quarry, owned by Kelheimer Natursteinwerk GmbH since 1937, still employed over 100 workers in 1939, mainly Italian stonemasons ; In 1984 the number of employees was only six. On January 1, 1972, Wachenzell became part of the new unified municipality of Pollenfeld as part of the regional reform . At that time there were ten full-time farms and 25 part-time farms in the village with its 268 inhabitants. In 1984 the population was 288.

From 1986/87 the land consolidation (final determination: 1998) was carried out; at that time the village eleven Vollerwerbs-, a Zuerwerbs- and 14 Sideline had farmers . There were also three craft businesses, two restaurants, a Raiffeisen bank with warehouse and a shop in the village . During the land consolidation, the listed rectory from 1724, covered with a lime slab roof, was renewed.

religion

Parish church in Wachenzell

The parish church of St. John the Baptist is a new Baroque building from 1764/65 by Giovanni Domenico Barbieri , who died during the construction; the consecration took place in 1765. The lower floor of the tower with the choir is essentially Romanesque (12th / 13th century), the upper floor will be from the beginning of the 17th century. On the north outer wall there are gravestones of former pastors, including one from Loy Hering's workshop . In 1921 the nave was extended to the west, and the tower was renewed in 1965. The parish fair is celebrated towards the end of October.

Inside there are three baroque altars from 1650. The high altar painting "Baptism of Christ" is by Johann Christoph Wink (1770). The stucco pulpit is from 1765; their gospel pictures were painted at the beginning of the 20th century. An oil painting from 1710 (renovated in 1766) hangs under the gallery, showing the three virgins " Kunigundis , Adelhait and Gündhildis ". The Way of the Cross was donated in 1768 and painted by Willibald Wunderer .

In 1924 the Wachenzell pastor Dr. Joseph Seitz , who was instrumental in founding the Caritas Association in Eichstätt. He is buried in the Wachenzeller cemetery.

In 2003 the parish Wachenzell comprised 298 Catholics in Wachenzell and 151 Catholics in Sornhüll with the Church of St. Margareta. There were 19 non-Catholics in Wachenzell and 6 in Sornhüll. The parish belonging to the Eichstätt deanery is looked after by the pastor of Pollenfeld. The Protestants Wachenzells belong to the Evangelical Lutheran parish of Eichstätts .

Personalities

literature

  • Felix Mader (editor): The art monuments of Middle Franconia. II. Eichstätt District Office , Munich 1928 (reprint 1982), pp. 337-340
  • O. Böhme: Wachenzell . In: Der Heimgarten 24 (1953), No. 51
  • Collective sheet of the historical association Eichstätt 61 (1965/66), p. 39f.
  • The Eichstätter Raum in Past and Present , Eichstätt 1973, p. 285, 2nd expanded edition 1984, p. 294
  • Wachenzell-Pollenfeld volunteer fire brigade: flag consecration with 100th anniversary celebration, Wachenzell 1977, 59 p.
  • Karl Zecherle and Toni Murböck: Nature worth seeing in the Eichstätt district , Eichstätt 1982, p. 80
  • F. Müller: Dolomite stone. Wachenzell dolomite stone. In: International Natural Stone Index, 1987
  • Schematism of the Diocese of Eichstätt 2003 , p. 89

Web links

Commons : Wachenzell  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Data on the municipality. Community of Pollenfeld, accessed on June 16, 2017 .
  2. ^ Wilhelm Volkert (ed.): Handbook of Bavarian offices, communities and courts 1799–1980 . CH Beck, Munich 1983, ISBN 3-406-09669-7 , p. 456 .