Hookfelde forest settlement

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Aerial view of the forest settlement (2014)
Oak path

The Hakenfelde forest settlement is a residential area in the north of the Berlin district of Spandau , in the Hakenfelde district . It was created from 1914 based on the garden city model in order to alleviate the housing shortage among the workers of the Spandau armaments and industrial companies. 250 houses had been completed by 1919.

Different types of houses were built for one, two or more families with a variable facade structure and usually a part of the garden. The oldest construction phase since 1986 as a residence and settlement heritage- or garden preservation order .

In the first few decades, local supplies of handicrafts, food and medical practices could take place in the settlement itself. Today there is only a small hotel. Public facilities in the forest settlement are several daycare , the evangelische Wichernhaus Church with community center and a nursing home in Catholic sponsorship; Immediately adjacent is a correctional facility . From the beginning, the settlement was connected to the center of Spandau by a tram , which has since been replaced by bus routes .

location

The forest settlement is on the edge of the Spandau Forest , at a distance to the north of the residential development in the Hakenfelde district. At its core, it has an almost triangular floor plan and is bordered to the east by Niederneuendorfer Allee , northwest by the disused Bötzowbahn and the Evangelical Johannesstift, built between 1907 and 1910, and southwest by Wichernstrasse and the route of a former industrial track . Access from Niederneuendorfer Allee is only possible via Wichernstrasse and Eschenweg - opposite the Schützenhof , which was built in 1912 - and Johannesstift can be reached via Wichernstrasse. Because of the arrangement of the curved narrow streets, which should give the settlement a village-like, "grown" character, no through traffic is possible in the settlement itself .

As a result of the division of Germany after the Second World War , the forest settlement lost access to the western and northern hinterland, the places Schönwalde , Nieder Neuendorf and Hennigsdorf , and was in a peripheral location until German reunification .

Emergence

Card with construction phases
Aerial photo 1920

Towards the end of the 19th century there was a great shortage of affordable housing for workers in the armaments industry and for industrial companies such as Siemens & Halske in Spandau , which was exacerbated during the First World War by the expansion of the armaments factories. The number of employees in the armaments factories rose from just under 14,000 in 1914 to around 65,000 in 1917. The city of Spandau, the house and landowners, and the representatives of the working class led to disputes over the solution to the problems.

As a measure to overcome the housing shortage, the City of Spandau, after a long period of hesitation, founded a "Waldsiedlung Spandau Aktiengesellschaft" for the "procurement of healthy and appropriately furnished apartments for less well-off people in specially built, built or bought houses at low prices", in which the city when the initial capital brought in 16,000  marks , another 4,000 marks initially came from private individuals. The stock corporation acquired the building site from the city of Spandau.

Construction phases

The groundbreaking ceremony for a first building block took place on May 4, 1914. First of all, groundwater had to be pumped out. On July 2, 1914, the shell could be removed, and the first apartments were ready for occupancy on October 1, 1914, although workers employed in the construction had been called in when the war broke out. There were three types of single-family houses for which rent was 35, 45 or 55 marks. The Buchenweg, the Eichenweg, the Fichtenweg and the Tannenweg, which is only built to the west, belonged to this first settlement core, the "Building Block A", starting from the Eschenweg, which is only built to the north.

Aspenweg 11/12

A second building block was completed in 1915, and despite the war-related shortage of workers and materials, a third building block north and west of Buchenweg with 100 houses in twelve groups of houses was tackled and completed by April 1 and October 1, 1916, respectively. Here not only single-family houses, but also some two-family houses with 2-room apartments were built. During this construction phase, the houses were built on Akazienweg, Aspenweg (south side; until 1931: Ahornweg ), Birkenweg, Erlenweg (until 1923: Weidenweg ), Kastanienweg and Lindenweg. The "building block B" had cost 755,747.65 marks.

As the last building block, building block D with six single-family houses and 38 apartments in two- and four-family houses was ready for occupancy by October 1, 1917, plus a commercial building. The forest settlement had a size of 40,340 m² without road land. It consisted of 154 terraced and 8 semi-detached houses. The principles of a garden city were not consistently adhered to, so that this term could also be dispensed with in the naming of the settlement.

Another construction phase took place from 1919 to around 1926, until around 1938 there were some additional buildings in the peripheral area. The building cooperative Eigenheim Spandau eGmbH , founded on April 2, 1918, built row houses for four, some only for two families to the west of the existing housing estate, on Birkenweg and Ahornweg (now Aspenweg), which were rented out with purchase rights; in the case of a “dishonorable lifestyle or drunkenness” on the part of a buyer, the property reverted to the cooperative. Some of the houses were raffled among those interested in buying. In September 1919 there were 225 houses. However, it did not come to the originally planned size of the settlement of 600 terraced houses.

Some citizens joined together in 1926 to form the “Garden Friends Group in the building cooperative Eigenheim Spandau eGmbH Spandau-Hakenfelde”, which is still known today as the “Association of Garden Friends Spandau-Hakenfelde 1926 e. V. “exists. Some of the residents of the house kept cattle: chickens, a goat or a pig, and each residential unit had a stable and a garden.

The northeast boundary path was called Pappelweg from 1923, the western one from 1955 as Lichtwarkweg . The connecting roads to Wichernstrasse were given the names Holunderweg and Schlehenweg in 1925, the connecting route between Aspenweg and Pappelweg, initially referred to as road 634 , was called Merianweg from 1955 .

On March 19, 1928, the houses of the Waldsiedlung Spandau AG were transferred to the property of Baugesellschaft Adamstrasse mbH , the AG was dissolved a few days later. At the end of the 1930s, ownership of the estate was transferred to the Gemeinnützige Siedlungs- und Wohnungsbaugesellschaft Berlin mbH (GSW).

Individual buildings on the edge of the forest settlement were built as individual buildings independently of the major developers, for example some houses for war blind people from the First World War in the Doehlweg / Aspenweg / Fichtenweg area; In 1941/1942 the German Labor Front built two houses in Pappelweg.

Since the 1930s, there have been labor camps and barracks for slave labor on the edge of the settlement , the largest on the site of today's penal institution on Niederneuendorfer Allee. Foreign civilian workers and prisoners of war had to do forced labor, many of them at Siemens-Schuckertwerke . During the Second World War , several houses in the forest settlement were hit by bombs or air mines during Allied air raids , and grenade strikes resulted in deaths and injuries. Advancing Soviet soldiers briefly occupied several houses at the end of the war, and some houses in Fichtenweg were burned down. After the end of the war there was looting by released forced laborers. In 1945 some fallen Soviet soldiers were buried on Niederneuendorfer Allee, who were later reburied in Treptow .

The oldest core of the settlement, bordered by Aspen-, Eschen- and Fichtenweg and some houses in Doehlweg, was placed under monument protection in 1986 at the instigation of GSW as a garden monument, and a building manual for the preservation and modernization was drawn up. From then on, structural changes to the external shape of the buildings and the garden design were no longer allowed. The structure of the facade, house entrances and staircases, loggias , roofs, dormers and decorative details were laid down in an “information booklet” from the GSW, which also made specifications for repair and modification measures that did not adversely affect the character of the estate from a monument preservation point of view. In the years that followed, around half of the houses were sold, most of them to tenants, and there was talk of a purchase price of 100,000  marks . Some families now live in two neighboring houses, which they have connected to one another through wall breakthroughs.

Architectural features

Buchenweg
Tannenweg 66/67
Doehlweg 2

The houses of the first construction phases were largely planned by the architects Arthur Wolff (160 apartments in terraced houses) and Otto Weber (96 apartments in semi-detached houses and apartment buildings). Arthur Wolff was drafted into the military in 1916 and represented by Adolf Steil, who from 1919 planned other houses architecturally and in 1931 designed the expansion of the settlement northeast of Aspenweg.

Most of the townhouses were designed for four families, some for two families. Every apartment has a part of the garden for self-sufficiency, most houses have a small front garden. The terraced houses have direct access to the garden, the apartments were given a wooden balcony or loggia to compensate. The houses initially had a simple cardboard roof or a tile roof with a beaver tail roof covering. The rows of terraced houses of the first construction phases are arranged on the eaves facing the street, have a width of 4.5 to 5 meters and high, steep pitched roofs with rhythmically protruding transverse gables , dormers or hips , which should convey the character of a single house in their individual diversity. Loggias and arbors emphasize the house entrances. Two parties share the supply and disposal lines. The first narrow houses have a hallway, a living room and a kitchen on the ground floor, two rooms and a small bathroom on the first floor and a loft above. Later, the residents also converted basement rooms into a bathroom, and winter gardens were built on the garden side .

Most of the apartment buildings in the second construction phase designed by Otto Weber have two apartments, so-called " couples " , per entrance and floor . The houses in Doehlweg, Fichtenweg and Elunderweg, built by Adolf Steil from 1931 onwards, are strictly cubic, they have flatter pitched gable roofs, a clinker-plastered facade with yellowish parapet strips and partly wooden loggias, the roof zone was loosened up by gable walls .

The architectural historian Klaus Konrad Weber speaks of “modest, yet lovingly designed comfort” with regard to the forest settlement, and in 1999 Klaus Schulte emphasized the “lively townscape with characteristic, curved streets with cozy plazas”.

Infrastructure

Birch path with median
Tannenweg with a space-like conclusion
Path from Tannenweg to Eschenweg

Local supply

In the first building block, four shops were built on the ground floor of some houses in Birkenweg, later, at the request of the residents, a bakery, butcher, a larger grocery store, a drugstore, a white goods store, a bicycle shop, a hairdresser, two shoemakers, a small post office, one Police registration office and a club room were added. Milk and dairy products came to the settlement on a van belonging to the C. Bolle dairy . The slaughterhouse operated the “Heideschloss” restaurant on the corner of Aspen- and Birkenweg, which existed until 2015, and the “Waldschänke” restaurant on Fichtenweg / Eschenweg existed from the start, now operated as a hotel. A general practitioner, a dentist and a midwife practiced at times in the Waldsiedlung. On December 6, 1918, the Frauenhilfe Waldsiedlung Hakenfelde was founded, and from the spring of 1919 a Diakonia station was established in Aspenweg. The children attended elementary school in Johannesstift, and there was a kindergarten on Fichtenweg. The planned construction of a school in Eschenweg did not materialize.

Today there are no longer any retail stores or practices in the forest settlement. In the Hookfelde district, several new residential areas were created in the second half of the 20th century, such as the Aalemannufer residential area . The local supply facilities are concentrated in the core of the district; in addition, several shopping centers settled there. The “Waldschänke” hotel still exists in the forest settlement itself. On the southern edge, on the other side of Wichernstrasse, a sports facility and the hookfelde senior citizens' club were built, which also serves as a meeting place for the Waldsiedlung community. Settlement festivals are occasionally celebrated on the grounds of the Protestant parish or the Catholic retirement home. The Spandau district has been running the Wichernstrasse daycare center on Wichernstrasse since 1960 . The Protestant congregation reopened the kindergarten on Fichtenweg, which was closed by the German Christians , in another location after the Second World War and is now the sponsor of a full-time Weltentdecker day care center next to the Wichernkirche and a part-time Wichernzwerge day care center in their parish hall. The Heinrich Böll High School is located in Hakenfelde; the Eichenwald primary school, the Carl Schurz primary school and the Protestant school in Johannesstift are within walking distance of the Waldsiedlung.

Traffic development

Most of the streets are very narrow with a width of five meters and designed by architect Arthur Wolff for pedestrians, some streets are dead ends . Only the main access roads are eight to twelve meters wide. The Birkenweg has a green central strip and looks like a square, the intersection of Akazienweg, Buchenweg and Birkenweg is designed as a triangular square. The Tannenweg ends in the center of the oldest construction section in a square-like extension. At first only the Elderberry Path had a solid road surface, the other roads and paths had a compacted sand / stone mixture as a surface. In 1935/1936 all roads were paved with gravel and spray asphalt . The road network was supplemented like a labyrinth by winding farm roads.

During the construction, the strong motorization in the second half of the 20th century was not yet foreseeable. Since parking spaces were not provided on the property and cannot be created later for monument protection reasons, the streets are now largely designated as one-way streets and one-sided parking, which occasionally leads to problems with supply and rescue vehicles. In 2005, 612 passenger cars and 87 motorcycles were registered for addresses in the forest settlement. At the instigation of the Association of Garden Friends, parking spaces were created on the edge of the forest settlement within the bus turning loop on Niederneuendorfer Straße.

Transport links

Tram line 75E to Savignyplatz in the Hookfelde loop, 1962

From the beginning, the forest settlement could be reached by tram . The “Green Line” of the Spandau tram was extended on May 21, 1904 from the previous terminus at the Schützenhaus to the intersection of Streitstrasse and the corner of Mertensstrasse at the southeast corner of what would later become the forest settlement. From 1908 to 1921 the line H from Spandau main station (today: S-Bahn station Stresow) served the section, from 1923 the line 54 from the direction of Spandauer Bock took over the branch and from 1927 additionally the line 75 from the direction of Heerstraße . The Berlin tram operating company had the route extended on November 15, 1928 by a short distance over Niederneuendorfer Allee to Eschenweg, where a turning loop with overtaking facilities was created. After the Second World War, line 75 ran from Hakenfelde over Heerstraße to the Zoological Garden , while line 54 ran over Spandauer Damm in the direction of Richard-Wagner-Platz . In 1967 the tram was shut down.

The Bötzowbahn of the Osthavelländische Kreisbahnen , which opened in 1908, had its end point from the direction of Bötzow - Nieder Neuendorf at Johannesstift station until it was extended to the small train station Spandau-West in 1912 . The station could be reached from the forest settlement via a footpath ( road no. 13/16 ) along the railroad tracks; the suggestion to call this station “Bahnhof Hakenfelde” could not be implemented. An industrial track branched off from the Bötzowbahn at Johannesstift , which led along Wichernstrasse to Niederneuendorfer Allee and via which the Hakenfeld industrial companies were served by freight trains. From January 1923 to 1945 the Spandau-West – Hennigsdorfer Kleinbahn ("Electrical No. 120") to Nieder-Neuendorf and Hennigsdorf drove from Spandau West via Schönwalder Strasse and then on the tracks of the Bötzowbahn ; this line had a stop on Wichernstrasse.

According to the plans of the Berliner Straßenbahn-Betriebs-Gesellschaft, line 120 was no longer to be routed via Schönwalder Straße to Johannesstift, but instead to drive via Streitstraße and then from the turning loop set up in 1928 on Eschenweg on the eastern edge of the Waldsiedlung along today's Lichtwarkweg to the Bötzowbahn and flow into it at the level of the Rustweg in the direction of Nieder Neuendorf. The planned route had been kept free for several years. As a potential impediment to set up a is a dispatcher occupied branching point assumed at the meeting point of the two lines.

Today bus line 136 connects the Waldsiedlung with Spandau Mitte and Hennigsdorf , bus line 139 starts at the former terminus of tram line 75 and leads via Haselhorst and Siemensstadt to Messedamm in Westend .

Population numbers

The following were registered with the main residence in the forest settlement:

  • 1975: 1752 inhabitants
  • 1995: 1417 inhabitants
  • 2005: 1342 inhabitants

Public facilities

St. Elisabeth Home

Sankt Elisabeth retirement home Fichtenweg
Inside the Elisabeth Chapel

The Order of the Gray Sisters of St. Elisabeth founded a girls' home at Seegefelder Strasse 125 in Spandau in 1917, which was intended to offer working women and girls a place to live. Because of its inadequate structural equipment, the pastor of the Catholic parish Maria, Hilfe der Christians , Viktor Schiwy, campaigned for a new building in the forest settlement. This was built according to plans by architect Carl Kühn , building officer at the Diocese of Breslau , as "Elisabethheim" (named after St. Elisabeth of Thuringia ) and consecrated on June 17, 1928 by Auxiliary Bishop Josef Deitmer . The house is an elongated two-storey brick building with an extended attic along the eastern side of the Fichtenweg as a residential building and a large chapel (120 seats) with a roof turret on the corner of Buchenweg, the Elisabeth Chapel . The rectangular chapel with a flat ceiling, over which the residents' rooms are still located, has six pointed arch windows on the long south side, a round arch portal and a gallery on the west side and a retracted, barrel-vaulted choir with apse and altar to the east . Above the portal there is a sculpture of the patroness Elisabeth.

The house was run by four nuns, and there lived a priest who held services in the chapel. In the early 1930s, the home was converted into a residential and convalescent home for the elderly after the need for housing for girls was no longer so urgent. At the end of the Second World War, the building temporarily took in refugees. Today it exists as a “Sankt Elisabeth Seniorenheim” sponsored by the Catholic Parish of Maria, Help of Christians with 44 home places. From 1987 to 1989 it was modernized and a living area was added for the nuns, and from 1999 to 2000 a wing with communal and therapy rooms was added. The Gray Sisters left the house in 1983 due to a lack of staff, in 1986 Indian nuns came, Franciscan Sisters of the Immaculate Heart of Mary , who still work in the care to this day.

The Elisabeth chapel developed into a pastoral care center for the Catholics in Hakenfelde, which was initially a dependent "Lokalie St. Elisabeth" and from 1953 as a pastoral independent curate a branch church of the parish Maria, Hilfe der Christisten ; In 1953, 1700 Catholics belonged to the curate. The Catholic parish of St. Lambertus emerged from the curate in 1975 , for which a separate community center was built in Cautiusstrasse . However, regular services continue to take place in the Elisabeth Chapel.

Wichernkirche

Wichernkirche (Wichernstrasse / Schlehenweg)

The Protestant Wichern congregation was initially part of the Luther congregation . From September 1925, a small community center could be set up in rented rooms at Fichtenweg 76 for children's services, youth groups, Bible study groups, women's groups and the rehearsals of a newly founded choir; the kindergarten and apartments for the deaconry sisters were also housed here. The parish church council of the Luther parish already decided in January 1924 to "make the forest settlement independent", but this was not implemented until January 1, 1937 with the establishment of the "Evangelical parish Berlin-Spandau-Hakenfelde", one year later as the "Wichernkirchengemeinde" (after Johann Hinrich Wichern ). In 1932 the parish got its own small church - initially called "Wichernkapelle" - which was transferred from Siemensstadt and inaugurated on October 23, 1932. From 1934 until the end of the war, the congregation suffered greatly from disputes between Christians of the Confessing Church with Pastor Hermann Bunke and German Christians with Pastor Johannes Rehse. In the spring of 1933 a " Hitler oak " in front of the church was consecrated to "the blacksmith of the Third Reich ", where National Socialist propaganda events took place repeatedly in the following years .

The Wichernkirche was the parish church for all of Hakenfelde, the parish grew to 12,000 parishioners in 1947 due to bombed out people and refugees. The kindergarten was reopened in a former Wehrmacht barracks behind the Wichernkirche, because the German Christians had closed the kindergarten on Fichtenweg. At the end of the 1950s it was given a new building, on March 14, 1971 a large parish hall was inaugurated next to the church, and two pastors' houses were built in Schlehenweg.

Correctional facility

The prison on Niederneuendorfer Allee

On March 1, 1978, a penal institution for open enforcement (“free-prisoner house”) was set up between the Waldsiedlung and Niederneuendorfer Allee . After protests by the population, fears could be reduced and an accepting attitude built up through talks in the Protestant parish hall. The prisoners were initially housed in the barracks of the former camp for forced laborers, where today's stone buildings with a pent roof were erected between 1995 and 1998. The institute currently has 248 places.

literature

  • Association of Garden Friends Spandau-Hakenfelde 1926 e. V. (Ed.): Festschrift 1916–2006. 90 years of the garden city "Waldsiedlung Hakenfelde". Picture gallery and documentation. Berlin 2006 (author pp. 13–106: Helmut Hilbert, pp. I – XVI: Detlef Kapitzke).
  • GSW - Charitable Settlement and Housing Association (Hrsg.): Waldsiedlung Spandau. Information leaflet for the residents of the forest settlement. Berlin 1988.

Web links

Commons : Waldsiedlung Hakenfelde  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ District Office Spandau. Lower monument authority (ed.): Spandau. Architectural and garden monuments. o. O., o. J., p. 72.
  2. ^ Association of Garden Friends Spandau-Hakenfelde 1926 e. V. (Ed.): Festschrift 1916–2006. Berlin 2006, pp. 13ff., 16
  3. ^ Association of Garden Friends Spandau-Hakenfelde 1926 e. V. (Ed.): Festschrift 1916–2006. Berlin 2006, pp. 16, 18.
  4. ↑ Gunther Jahn (arrangement): The buildings and art monuments of Berlin. Part: City and District of Spandau. Berlin 1971, p. 295.
  5. ^ Association of Garden Friends Spandau-Hakenfelde 1926 e. V. (Ed.): Festschrift 1916–2006. Berlin 2006, pp. 18ff, 22, 28ff.
  6. ↑ Architects and Engineers Association of Berlin (ed.): Berlin and its buildings. Part: T. 4. / Bd. D., row houses. Berlin 2002, p. 48.
  7. ↑ Architects and Engineers Association of Berlin (ed.): Berlin and its buildings. Part: T. 4. / Bd. D., row houses. Berlin 2002, p. 48f.
  8. ^ Friedrich Wolff: Garden cities in and around Berlin. Berlin 2012, p. 65.
  9. ^ Association of Garden Friends Spandau-Hakenfelde 1926 e. V. (Ed.): Festschrift 1916–2006 Berlin 2006, pp. 23ff., 28
  10. ^ Association of Garden Friends Spandau-Hakenfelde 1926 e. V. (Ed.): Festschrift 1916–2006 Berlin 2006, p. VIII. 28
  11. ^ Association of Garden Friends Spandau-Hakenfelde 1926 e. V. (Ed.): Festschrift 1916–2006. Berlin 2006, pp. 33, 35f., XI f.
  12. ^ Association of Garden Friends Spandau-Hakenfelde 1926 e. V. (Ed.): Festschrift 1916–2006. Berlin 2006, p. 22; Anna Maria Odenthal: Monument conservation projects and problems. In: Landesdenkmalamt Berlin (Hrsg.): Village center - old town - preservation of monuments. Traditional places in the metropolis. Berlin 1999, p. 68.
  13. ^ Friedrich Wolff: Garden cities in and around Berlin. Berlin 2012, p. 63.
  14. ^ Association of Garden Friends Spandau-Hakenfelde 1926 e. V. (Ed.): Festschrift 1916–2006. Berlin 2006, p. 24; District Office Spandau. Lower monument authority (ed.): Spandau. Architectural and garden monuments. o. O., o. J., p. 72; Gunther Jahn (arrangement): The buildings and art monuments of Berlin. Part: City and District of Spandau. Berlin 1971, p. 296.
  15. ↑ Architects and Engineers Association of Berlin (ed.): Berlin and its buildings. Part: T. 4. / Bd. D., row houses. Berlin 2002, p. 49; Friedrich Wolff: Garden cities in and around Berlin. Berlin 2012, p. 64.
  16. ^ Friedrich Wolff: Garden cities in and around Berlin. Berlin 2012, p. 65.
  17. ↑ Quoted in: Architects and Engineers Association of Berlin (ed.): Berlin and his buildings. Part: T. 4. / Bd. D., row houses. Berlin 2002, p. 51.
  18. ^ Association of Garden Friends Spandau-Hakenfelde 1926 e. V. (Ed.): Festschrift 1916–2006. Berlin 2006, pp. 28ff., 33f., 37f., 42, 71; Friedrich Wolff: Garden cities in and around Berlin. Berlin 2012, p. 65.
  19. ^ Association of Garden Friends Spandau-Hakenfelde 1926 e. V. (Ed.): Festschrift 1916–2006 Berlin 2006, pp. XII, XIV; Friedrich Wolff: Garden cities in and around Berlin. Berlin 2012, p. 63f.
  20. ↑ State Office for Citizens and Regulatory Affairs, July 1, 2007, quoted in: Verein der Gartenfreunde Spandau-Hakenfelde 1926 e. V. (Ed.): Festschrift 1916–2006 Berlin 2006, p. XV.
  21. ↑ Hans-Jürgen Kämpf: The tram in Spandau and around Spandau . Ed .: Heimatkundliche Vereinigung Spandau 1954 e. V. Berlin 2008, ISBN 978-3-938648-01-8 , pp. 52-55 .
  22. ↑ Hans-Jürgen Kämpf: The tram in Spandau and around Spandau . Ed .: Heimatkundliche Vereinigung Spandau 1954 e. V. Berlin 2008, ISBN 978-3-938648-01-8 , pp. 159-184 .
  23. ↑ Hans-Jürgen Kämpf: The tram in Spandau and around Spandau . Ed .: Heimatkundliche Vereinigung Spandau 1954 e. V. Berlin 2008, ISBN 978-3-938648-01-8 , pp. 110-118 .
  24. ^ Post-war history 1960–1969. In: berlin-straba.de. Retrieved January 22, 2017 .
  25. ^ Association of Garden Friends Spandau-Hakenfelde 1926 e. V. (Ed.): Festschrift 1916–2006. Berlin 2006, pp. 95f.
  26. ↑ Wolfgang Hellmuth Busch: Line 120. A Berlin interurban tram from 1923 to 1945 . In: Berliner Verkehrsblätter . Issue 11, November 1999, p. 215-221 .
  27. ↑ Reinhard Richter: Small Railway Anniversaries 2004 . In: The Museum Railway . Issue 1, 2004, pp. 28 ( digital copy [PDF]).
  28. ↑ Hans-Jürgen Kämpf: The tram in Spandau and around Spandau . Ed .: Heimatkundliche Vereinigung Spandau 1954 e. V. Berlin 2008, ISBN 978-3-938648-01-8 , pp. 185-199 .
  29. ^ Association of Garden Friends Spandau-Hakenfelde 1926 e. V. (Ed.): Festschrift 1916–2006 Berlin 2006, pp. XIV ff.
  30. ^ Gunther Jahn: The buildings and art monuments of Berlin. City and district of Spandau. Berlin 1971, p. 128.
  31. ^ Association of Garden Friends Spandau-Hakenfelde 1926 e. V. (Ed.): Festschrift 1916–2006 Berlin 2006, pp. 65–70.
  32. ^ Association of Garden Friends Spandau-Hakenfelde 1926 e. V. (Ed.): Festschrift 1916–2006. Berlin 2006, p. 71ff.
  33. ↑ Olaf Kühl-Freudenstein, Peter Noss, Claus P. Wagener (eds.): Kirchenkampf in Berlin 1932-1945. 42 city stories. Berlin 1999, p. 483.
  34. ^ Association of Garden Friends Spandau-Hakenfelde 1926 e. V. (Ed.): Festschrift 1916–2006. Berlin 2006, pp. 73-75.
  35. ^ Association of Garden Friends Spandau-Hakenfelde 1926 e. V. (Ed.): Festschrift 1916–2006. Berlin 2006, p. 76.

Coordinates: 52 ° 34 ′ 13 ″  N , 13 ° 12 ′ 27 ″  E