Volodymyr Satonskyj

Satonski before March 1933

Volodymyr Satonskyj with son Dmytro , 1928

Satonskyj monument in Khmelnytskyi 2008

Volodymyr Petrowytsch Satonskyj ( Ukrainian Володимир Петрович Затонський , Russian Владимир Петрович Затонский, Vladimir Petrovich Satonski * July 27, ^jul. / 8. August  1888 ^greg. In Lyssez , Podolia Governorate , Russian Empire (now Khmelnytskyi Oblast , Ukraine ); † 29th July 1938 , Kiev , Ukrainian SSR , USSR ) was a Ukrainian- Soviet politician and scientist. In 1918 he was briefly chairman of the pro-Soviet Central Executive Committee of Ukraine, a counter-government. In 1938 he was shot dead during the Great Terror .

Life

Early development

Volodymyr Satonskyj joined the Social Democratic Labor Party of Russia in the faction of the Mensheviks in 1905 . Until 1912 he studied physics and mathematics at the Kiev St. Vladimir University and from 1913 taught physics at the Kiev Polytechnic Institute .

Political activity

In March 1917 he moved to the Bolshevik faction . He became a member of the Kiev Revolutionary Committee . Satonsky was one of the organizers of the first All-Ukrainian Congress of Delegates of the Peasants', Workers' and Soldiers' Councils in December 1917 in Kharkiv .

There he was appointed Commissioner for Education (Minister of Education) in the newly created Central Executive Committee of Ukraine , which was a pro-Soviet counter-government to the bourgeois Ukrainian People's Republic with the Central Na Rada . From March 1 to 4, 1918 he was Commissioner for International Affairs (Foreign Minister), from March 19 to April 18, 1918 Chairman of the Central Executive Committee (Head of Government).

In July 1918 he fought as a commissioner against an uprising by the left Social Revolutionaries in Moscow . In November 1918 he became People's Commissar for People's Education ( Minister of Education ) of the Ukrainian Soviet People's Republic. Thereafter he was appointed by Lenin to represent the Ukrainian Soviet People's Republic to the Russian Federative Soviet Republic .

From July to September 1920 he was chairman of the Galician Revolutionary Committee, which led the short-term Galician Soviet Socialist Republic as a provisional government. In 1921 he took part in the suppression of the Kronstadt sailors' uprising.

Then he worked in various functions in the party and administration. In 1922 he was a representative of the Ukrainian SSR in the Treaty on the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics .

Scientific activity

In 1929 he became a member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR . In 1933 he became a member of the Academy of Sciences of the Belarusian SSR and chief editor of the Ukrainian Soviet Encyclopedia .

Works (selection)

• The construction of socialism and chemistry; M. L :. Goschimtechisdat, 1933
• National cultural development and the struggle against nationalism; Kharkiv 1934

Arrest and shooting

On November 3, 1937, he was arrested in a movie theater. His home was searched and he was accused of being a spy for bourgeois Poland. A few days later, his wife was also arrested. He was charged with being a member of an anti-Soviet Ukrainian nationalist center. On July 29, 1938, a twenty-minute hearing took place under the chairmanship of W. Ulrich , which sentenced him to 10 years in prison, which at the time meant the death sentence. He was shot the same day.

In 1956 he was rehabilitated.

family

Volodymyr Satonskyj was the father of the literary scholar and Germanist Dmytro Satonskyj (1922-2009).

Honors

Satonskyj received numerous honors. In 1921 he was awarded the Order of the Red Banner and the small town of Winkiwzi in Khmelnytskyi Oblast was named Satonsk (Затонсьск) from 1927 to 1938 . A memorial was erected in his honor in Khmelnytskyi and a memorial was erected in the western Ukrainian city of Ternopil until 1990 . In Kiev a street ( Улица Затонского ) bore his name until the 1990s .

rating

Volodymyr Satonskyj had been a leading representative of the Bolsheviks in Ukraine since 1917 and fought against the bourgeois government and Ukrainian independence movements. He had been a confidante of Lenin since 1918 and fought for Soviet power in the civil war until 1921.

His conviction and shooting in 1938 were probably due to a personal dislike of Stalin and his knowledge of internal party matters. Satonskyj had also often advocated the consideration of Ukrainian peculiarities in politics.

After his rehabilitation in 1956, he was honored as a communist functionary in the Ukrainian SSR. After 1990, the memories of him were largely erased.

literature

• Dmitri Volkogonov: Stalin. Triumph and tragedy . Claassen Verlag, Düsseldorf 1989, p. 506

Web links

Commons : Wolodymyr Satonskyj  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

• Zatonskii, Vladimir Petrovich
• Literature and dictatorship. A conversation with the Ukrainian literary scholar Dmitri Satonski Wiener Zeitung, August 28, 1998

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Short biography Volodymyr Satonskyj on histua.com; accessed on January 2, 2016 (Ukrainian)
2. ↑ Entry on Wolodymyr Satonskyj in the Encyclopedia of Modern Ukraine ; accessed on January 2, 2016 (Ukrainian)
3. ↑ Wolodymyr Satonskyj ( Memento of the original from January 2, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. on the website of the Academy of Sciences of Ukraine; accessed on January 2, 2016 (Ukrainian)  
4. ↑ ^{a b c d} Wolodymyr Satonskyj on the website of the Belarusian Academy of Sciences; accessed on January 2, 2016 (Russian)
5. ↑ Blog historian: 1966. Finally, Ukrainian encyclopedia! on BBC February 18, 2016; accessed on January 2, 2016 (Ukrainian)
6. ^ Marx and Lenin monuments demolished Neues Deutschland , July 21, 1990, p. 4
7. ^ Literature and dictatorship. A conversation with the Ukrainian literary scholar Dmitri Satonski ( Memento of the original from January 1, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Wiener Zeitung , August 28, 1998