Clan Swinton
| Clan Swinton of that Ilk | |
|---|---|
| File:Swintonbadge.gif Crest: On a boar's head erased fessways erased Or, armed Argent, langued Gules | |
| Motto | J'Espere, Je Pense |
| Profile | |
| Region | Lowlands |
| District | Berwickshire |
| Chief | |
| File:Swinton-of-Ilk.jpg | |
| Rolfe William Swinton 36th of that Ilk[1] | |
| Chief of the Name and Arms of Swinton.[2] | |
| Seat | Swinton, Berwickshire |
| Historic seat | Bamburgh Castle |
Clan Swinton is a Lowland Scottish clan. The clan has held the Barony's of Swinton and Cranshaws. The latter is now seperated from the clan. The family is commonly thought to have Feudal Barony status with numerous charters confirming this.[3] Indeed, Mr. James Anderson, the compiler of the Diplomata Scotiae, in his Historical Essay of the Independency of the crown of Scotland, says that among the many charters of Scots families in the chartulary of Durham, there are two original ones of David I., to the proprietor of Swinton, wherein he is termed Miles, and was to "hold his lands as freely as any of the king’s barons".[4] However, this having been said, the status of the family is still unclear with some sources granting Baronial Status, others grating Lord of Parliament status and finally some granting Laird status.
History
Origins
The Swintons appear to be of Saxon origin, descended from the nobles who were prominent in the ancient Kingdom of Northumberland which straddled the present day border between England and Scotland. Ancestry can be traced back to Eadulf I of Bernicia who accepted Alfred the Great as overlord in 886 making the family one of the oldest in both England and Scotland.
They are said to have acquired the name Swinton for their bravery and clearing the area of Wild Boar. The chief's coat of arms and the clan crest allude to this legend. Although the name is thought more likely to be of a territorial origin. The village of Swinewood in the county of Berwick was granted by a charter from Edgar, son of King Malcolm III of Scotland, to Liulf of Bamburgh Coldingham Priory in 1098. Liulf's family was that of the Earls of Northumberland from whom also came the Clan Dunbar. Liulf's grandson Ernulf is said to be the first instance of a Scottish knight, and was succeeded by Cospatric(k). It is "practically certain"[5] that Cospatrick was the father of Hugo (Hugh) de Swinton, who was also the ancestor of the Clan Arbuthnott. Hugo acquired the lands of Arbuthnott from Walter Oliphant about 1150, tradition has it that Hugo's mother was an Oliphant.[5]
Sir Alan de Swinton, 6th of Swinton and argued to be the first instance of a Scottish Knight, obtained a charter from Bertram, Prior of Coldingham for the Barony of Swinton during the reign of King William the Lion. The tomb in Swinton Church is believed to be his. Edulph de Swinton received a charter, one of the first recorded in Scotland, confirming his property at Swinton from David I around 1140.
Wars of Scottish Independence
Henry de Swinton appears on the Ragman Rolls as one of the nobility swearing fealty to King Edward I of England in 1296. He was joined in this by his brother, William, priest of the church of Swinton. However later the Swintons would support Robert the Bruce during the Wars of Scottish Independence. Sir John Swinton, great-grandson of Henry, was a distinguished soldier and statesman in the reigns of Robert II of Scotland and Robert III of Scotland. He was a commander at the Battle of Otterburn in July 1388 when the Scots won the day and defeated the English, although their leader, the Earl of Douglas, was slain. Sir John Swinton was later killed leading the clan at the Battle of Humbleton Hill also known as Homildon Hill in 1402.
| Swinton of Kimmerghame | |
|---|---|
| File:Swintonbadge.gif | |
| Motto | J'Espere, Je Pense |
| Profile | |
| Region | Lowlands |
| District | Berwickshire |
| Chief | |
| File:Swintonkimmerghamecampbell.JPG | |
| Major-General Sir John Swinton KCVO OBE | |
| Seat | Kimmerghame House, Berwickshire |
15th century and Hundred Years' War
Swinton’s second wife was the Countess of Douglas and Mar, but they had no offspring. His third wife was Princess Margaret, daughter of Robert Stewart, Duke of Albany who served as Regent from 1406 to 1419. The Princess bore Swinton a son, later Sir John Swinton of Swinton, reckoned to be the fifteenth Lord of the name. During the Hundred Years' War he was a doughty warrior who fought and led the Clan Swinton at the Battle of Baugé against the English in France in 1421, where the French-Scottish forces were victorious. Although the credit for this is claimed by others, he is said to have been the knight who slew the Duke of Clarence, brother of King Henry V of England. The incident appears in Sir Walter Scott’s poem, ‘The Lay of the Last Minstrel’. However Sir John Swinton was killed when the Clan Swinton fought at the Battle of Verneuil in France in 1424.
16th century and Mary Queen of Scots
Sir John Swinton was among the band of Scottish barons who signed the bond of protection of the infant King James VI of Scotland in 1567 against the Earl of Bothwell on his marriage to the child’s mother, Mary, Queen of Scots.
17th century and Civil War
In 1640 Sir Alexander Swinton, the 22nd chief, became sheriff of Berwickshire. He died in 1652, leaving six sons and five daughters. His second son, Alexander, was appointed to the Supreme Court of Scotland in 1688, taking the title, ‘Lord Mersington’.
The Swintons supported the Royalists during the Civil War. The eldest son, John, was colonel for the regiment of Berwickshire, and at the Battle of Worcester in 1651, he was taken prisoner, and his brother, Robert, died in an attempt to carry off Oliver Cromwell’s standard.
John was later appointed by the Lord Protector to the Council of State he established to assist in ruling Scotland in 1655. His involvement with Cromwell led to his being tried for treason in 1661, and although he escaped the block, his estates were forfeited and he was imprisoned for six years. He died in 1679 and was succeeded by his son, Alexander, who later died without issue.
Alexander’s brother, Sir John, succeeded as the twenty-fifth Laird of Swinton who, after a successful career as a merchant in Holland, returned to Scotland in the wake of the Glorious Revolution of 1688 which brought William of Orange to the throne with his wife, Queen Mary.
18th century
His father’s forfeiture was rescinded, and Swinton sat in both the Scottish Parliament and, later, in the British, at Westminster. He was also a founder of the Bank of Scotland. John Swinton of that Ilk, the twenty-seventh Laird, became a member of the Supreme Court in 1782, taking the title, ‘Lord Swinton’.
His fourth son, Archibald Swinton, a Captain in the Honourable East India Company's Service, married Henrietta Campbell of Blytheswood and aquired the estates of Kimmerghame and Manderston. It was Henrietta who brought in the Campbell arms now borne in the 2nd and 3rd quarters of the Swinton of Kimmerghame arms.
A little known fact concerns Captain Samuel Swinton, husband of Félicité Jean le Febre. Baroness Orczy, when she wrote The Scarlet Pimpernel in 1905 loosely based the story of the hero, Sir Percy Blakeney, on the life of Samuel in France during the French Revolution where, with his wife they assisted in the escape by some of the noblility who were in danger of going to the guillotine.
Modern history
The modern Swintons have produced some very notable characters. Captain George Swinton, descended from the Swintons of Kimmerghame, a cadet of the chiefly house, was Lord Lyon, King of Arms, and Secretary to the Order of the Thistle from 1926 to 1929. Major-General Sir Ernest Dunlop Swinton was the mind behind the Tank. Archibald Campbell-Swinton, an Edinburgh Lawyer, designed the grounds for the new Fettes College, this being the reason why one of the boarding houses is called Kimmerghame. Alan Archibald Campbell-Swinton formulated the ideas for the modern form of Television. Sir Samuel Swinton Jacob was a key architect on many of India's buildings. Major-General Sir John Swinton, who still resides at Kimmerghame, is the Lord Lieutenant of Berwickshire, and father of the actress Tilda Swinton. The present chief is a Canadian currently living in London, Rolfe William Swinton 36th of that Ilk[6]
See also
- Scottish clan
- Swinton
- Alan Archibald Campbell Swinton
- Ernest Dunlop Swinton
- George Swinton
- Samuel Swinton Jacob
- Tilda Swinton
- The Scarlet Pimpernel
Notes and references
- ^ "www.swintonfamilysociety.org swinton tree" (PDF).
- ^ burkes-peerage
- ^ http://www.electricscotland.com/HISTORY/nation/swinton.htm.
{{cite web}}: Missing or empty|title=(help) - ^ http://www.electricscotland.com/HISTORY/nation/swinton.htm.
{{cite web}}: Missing or empty|title=(help) - ^ a b Fraser, William; Nicolson Macphail, James Robert (1924), Papers from the collection of Sir William Fraser, Scottish History Society, p. 72
- ^ "www.swintonfamilysociety.org swinton tree" (PDF).
External links
- www.swintonfamilysociety.org - Swinton family Society
- http://www.myclan.com/clans/Swinton_133/default.php
- http://www.electricscotland.com/webclans/stoz/swinton2.htm
