Niefern-Öschelbronn

Basic data
State :	Baden-Württemberg
Administrative region :	Karlsruhe
County :	Enzkreis
Height :	240 m above sea level NHN
Area :	22.02 km 2
Residents:	12,089 (Dec. 31, 2018)
Population density :	549 inhabitants per km 2
Postal code :	75223
Area code :	07233
License plate :	PF
Community key :	08 2 36 046
Address of the ; municipal administration:	Friedensstrasse 11 ; 75223 Niefern-Öschelbronn
Website :	www.niefern-oeschelbronn.de
Mayor :	Birgit Förster
Location of the municipality of Niefern-Öschelbronn in the Enzkreis

Niefern-Öschelbronn is a municipality in the Enzkreis in Baden-Württemberg .

geography

The community of Niefern-Öschelbronn with its two districts is located at the gate of the northern Black Forest about seven kilometers east of the city of Pforzheim . In terms of natural space , the municipality belongs mainly to the western edge of the Neckar basin and in parts to the Black Forest edge plates on the northern edge of the Black Forest . The Kraichgau joins in the northwest . The district of Niefern is located in the valley of the Enz , Öschelbronn southeast of it on the Ortsbach.

Neighboring municipalities and municipality structure

Neighboring communities (starting clockwise in the northwest) are Kieselbronn , Mühlacker , Wiernsheim , Wurmberg (all Enzkreis) and Pforzheim ( Stadtkreis ).

The municipality of Niefern-Öschelbronn consists of the former municipalities of Niefern and Öschelbronn. The village of Niefern and its suburb belong to the former municipality of Niefern. The village of Öschelbronn and the houses of Bräuningsmühle belong to the former municipality of Öschelbronn.

In the area of the former municipality of Niefern lies the Riesche desert and in the area of the former municipality of Öschelbronn lies the Hardheim desert.

The communities of Niefern and Öschelbronn voluntarily merged on August 1, 1971 to form the community of Niefern-Öschelbronn.

history

District Niefern

The district of Niefern has been settled since ancient times. In addition to Roman and Frankish traces, prehistoric traces have also been found. For a long time it was believed that the name "Niefern", which was first handed down in writing in the Hirsau Monastery donation books between 1082 and 1091, at the time of Hirsau's Reform Abbot Wilhelm, came from "Neuefehre" (from ahd. Niu fara ) was derived. However, recent historians assume that Niefern, like “Enz” and “Nagold”, is of Celtic origin.

The Reichenbach priory founded by that Wilhelm in the upper Murg Valley received "praedia", d. H. Goods, transferred in "Nievern". They came from the property of Count Alwig I von Sulz, his brother Herrmann, Count Burghard von Staufenberg and other nobles. Hirsau Monastery remained an important landowner in Niefern until the 14th century and also managed a monastery property here.

In addition to the Benedictine monks, a local nobility was mentioned in a certificate from Emperor Frederick I in 1486 with the mention of a "Heinricus de Nievern" (Heinrich von Niefern), who was also lord of Enzberg Castle and was in the service of the bishops of Speyer. His line can be proven in many written documents during the 12th and 13th centuries. Enzberg as a Württemberg village belonged to Baden until 1818, the residents came here to worship, were baptized, married and buried here.

Strangely enough, in addition to the spelling "von Niefern", the designation of origin "de Hohennievern" appears from 1276 onwards. For example, a "Heinricus de Hohennievern dictus Troescheller" acted as a witness in a document from Margrave Rudolf d. Ä. According to this, there were two castles in Niefern, one of which, the Tiefburg (Niefernburg) built in the 16th century, has outlasted time, while there is no trace of "Hohenniefern".

The lords of Niefern, who were also wealthy in Nöttingen, Kieselbronn and Königsbach, must have died out without descendants as early as the 15th century. Her legal successors were the von Enzberg gentlemen, who emerged from the same tribe, who in turn sold large portions of the property in 1438 and withdrew to Mühlheim on the Upper Danube. As early as 1390, Wolf von Niefern had sold his quarter share to the Bailiwick to the Cistercian Abbey of Maulbronn, which held it until 1482 and then sold it to the Margraviate.

The second quarter of the Bailiwick of Niefern, which was transferred to Margrave Karl I by the Enzbergers in 1454, was initially given a fiefdom before it was sold to Konrad von Wallstein in 1506. The Wallstein or Waldstein family, a family from the Hausach area in the Kinzig valley, belonged to the Fürstenberg fiefdoms and systematically acquired Enzberg and Niefern property at the beginning of the 16th century.

Since the end of the 15th century, the other half of the bailiwick had been in the hands of the von Bach family, who were born in Kappelwindeck near Bühl, and were sold to the Baden family in 1510. What Margrave Christoph I was no longer granted his son Philipp achieved: in 1529 he acquired the last quarter of the Nieferner Vogtei from the Wallsteiners.

In 1555, Margrave Karl II donated the town and the old Burgstadel on the Enz to his chancellor Martin Amelius (Achtsynit) for his services to the Reformation. That Amelius built the Niefernburg "from scratch" and provided it with farm buildings, a sawmill and grinding mill. The Ameliussaal in the Kirnbachhalle still commemorates this important Nieferner.

During the Thirty Years War, the plague alone wiped out two thirds of the population. Niefern was very poor and also at a disadvantage due to its location on the border between Baden and Württemberg. In 1672, the Margrave of Baden intervened and set up a "paper mill" in the sawmill of the Niefernburg.

In the 19th century the first beginnings of today's important industry in the municipality, but only with the growth of Pforzheim's industry did Niefern noticeably improve. In 1857 a Protestant orphanage moved into Niefernburg, which was sold for demolition by the state. Later it became a girls 'education center for many years and is now subordinate to the inner mission as an open girls' home.

Öschelbronn district

After the great fire in Öschelbronn in 1933, traces of a Roman manor were found in the center of the village, which was connected to the Roman Pforzheim by streets and to the east with the ford near Dürrmenz. Öschelbronn is called "Nessenbrunn" in early records, which indicates the Alemannic clan settlement of a "Nesso". Later the spelling changed to "Eschenbronn" = well near the Eschen and Öschelbronn.

The place appeared in the Lorsch Codex as early as 835. He had many masters, including Maulbronn Monastery. With him Öschelbronn came to Württemberg in 1504 and it was not until 1810 that the place became Baden due to the Napoleonic regional reform. Benefiting from its "bowl location", Öschelbronn was often the victim of devastating fires. In 1609, 1852, 1909, 1911 and 1933 the place was ravaged by fire disasters. In 1852 the church burned down too. The evangelical church of St. Georg was then built in its current form. In the last major catastrophe in 1933, 203 houses burned down. The reconstruction in the Franconian-Alemannic half-timbered style shapes the townscape to this day.

The Schanzengraben (Eppinger Line), which was excavated in 1695/97 under the Margrave of Ludwig von Baden, the "Türkenlouis", to protect against the French, is still very well preserved in the Niefern-Öschelbronn section. Starting at the Waldschanze (district Niefern) it moves over the Tannenberg to the forest "Steckhof" (district Öschelbronn) in the direction of Mühlacker and on to Eppingen.

Although the people of Öschelbronn benefited from the industrialization of Pforzheim early on , the community remained rural until well into the second half of the 20th century. In the last few decades, however, the village has been shaped as a popular residential community - not least because of the newly designated building areas and many "Reig'schmeckte" numbers.

Niefern-Öschelbronn

On August 1, 1971, the previously independent communities of Niefern and Öschelbronn joined together voluntarily. On November 18, 1971, the communities were renamed "Niefern-Öschelbronn".

With a district area of 2202 ha, after the Second World War , mainly due to its extremely favorable traffic situation on the B 10, motorway connection with tank and rest area, two state roads, train station on the Karlsruhe - Stuttgart route, it became an important industrial location with approx. 4,000 jobs developed. The community is located on the regional development axis Karlsruhe - Pforzheim - Mühlacker . Industry with world renown (mechanical engineering, biotechnology, broadcast technology, electrical engineering, broaching tools, machine turned parts, jewelry, etc.) is located here.

A heated outdoor pool with a large lawn for sunbathing, an indoor pool, sauna, a sports stadium, 4 sports fields, 2 gyms, a large sports hall, 5 tennis courts, shooting range, a mini golf course, a multi-purpose hall in Öschelbronn (climbing hall) and a culture hall (Ameliussaal) as well as the hall of the Johanneshaus, a local branch of the technical relief organization and a volunteer fire brigade in both districts .

politics

In May 2016 Birgit Förster was elected as Jürgen Kurz's successor with 52.7% of the votes in the first ballot. He was mayor for 38 years.

The local election on May 26, 2019 in Niefern-Öschelbronn led to the following official final result. The turnout was 54.1% (2014: 46.5%). The municipal council consists of the elected voluntary councilors and the mayor as chairman. The mayor is entitled to vote in the municipal council.

Political party	be right	Seats	2014 result
FDP / Free Voters	31.9%	6th	28.4%, 7 seats
CDU	21.5%	6th	27.6%, 6 seats
Free electoral association	21.0%	4th	18.8%, 4 seats
List of people and the environment (LMU)	17.4%	4th	14.4%, 3 seats
SPD	8.0%	1	10.8%, 2 seats
Non-attached		1

Buildings

Source: Niefern-Öschelbronn municipality

Niefern-Öschelbronn - the "fountain community"

The coat of arms fountain has stood on Niefern's church square since 1986 and is a reminder of the creativity of local writer Karl-Helmut Wagner. In the outdoor swimming pool, in the courtyard of the Niefernburg, on the new Nieferner Markt and in front of the Bellmer company, water dispensers beautify the appearance of the double community.

Öschelbronn has had three wells in the center since 2004. The old fountain trough with a cast-iron inlet was moved from Pfarrstrasse to Allmendplatz by the linden tree there. The town hall fountain from the commemorative year 1910, when Öschelbronn came to the Grand Duchy of Baden in 1810, has found a place at St. George's Church. The Fero Freymark fountain has been located by the linden tree on Öschelbronn's newly designed market square since 2004. 3 cubes with three water jets commemorate the ruins of the Öschelbronn fire disaster of September 10, 1933.

Evangelical Church “St. Marien ”in Niefern

The Evangelical Church of Niefern takes third place among the cultural monuments of the Enzkreis after the Maulbronn monastery and the parish church of Tiefenbronn . Alongside the Niefernburg, it is the oldest building in the village and forms its geographical and historical center. The Gothic church dates back to the 14th and 15th centuries. The choir dates from around 1350, the main nave was completed between 1480 and 1490. Before the Reformation the church was a collegiate or canon church, probably a branch of the Pforzheimer Schlosskirche. The hallmarks are the high barrel vault of the nave and the rood screen , which separates the nave from the choir like a bridge. It is one of the few surviving specimens in southwest Germany.

The importance of Nieferner Church have the secco paintings founded, which almost completely cover the interior walls of the choir. The church also houses some works of medieval wood carving: two large figures of saints, a female figure, presumably depicting St. Ottilia, and John the Baptist adorn the southern side wall. The crucifix on the choir altar and Saint Anne herself standing behind it are smaller wooden sculptures.

Maria is the patroness of the Nieferner Church; the church was formerly called St. Marien . This is also indicated by an inscription in the archway of the rood screen and a sandstone figure high up on the west wall of the tower.

Evangelical parish church in Niefern
Choir painting
Wooden sculptures, presumably Saints Ottilia and John the Baptist

The Nieferner Schloss - The Niefernburg

Niefernburg

The "Talburg" as the forerunner of Niefernburg Castle was built by the Lords of Niefern around 1185 at the latest. The lords of Niefern, together with the lords of Enzberg and von Dürrmenz, belonged to a large family and had a common coat of arms. In 1555, Margrave Karl II gave the town and the old Burgstadel on the Enz to his chancellor Martin Achtsynit for his services to the Reformation. The latter built the Niefernburg "from scratch" and provided it with farm buildings, a sawmill and grinding mill. The 27 meter high, octagonal stair tower is best preserved of all components.

Today the Niefernburg is an institution of youth welfare in the Diakonisches Werk of the Evangelical Church in Baden. It was founded in 1852 as a rescue center for orphans and has developed into a socio-educational institution for girls and young women that supports them in their reorientation.

Schanzengraben and Chartaque on the Eppinger lines

Inspired by Chief Forestry Officer Alfons Dürr, Niefern-Öschelbronn built a historical watch and observation tower directly on the " Eppinger Linien " in 1987/88 - at the top of the Nieferner Waldschanze with a view over to Eutingen , Kieselbronn , Enzberg and Öschelbronn - a so-called historical watch tower Charter. This wooden observation tower with a height of 12.10 m was accepted by the population. Then the building became a victim of flames due to negligent action in the mid-1990s. In 1998 the second Charter - the reconstruction was paid for by the fire insurance.

Former paper mill

Next to the Niefernburg, in the Enzauen, was the administration building of the former paper mill, also known as the “mansion”. The “manor house” built in 1823 was the last building in the oldest industrial site in Baden, which was founded in 1673 as a paper mill. The building was demolished in 2009.

In 2011, a school, culture and sports center with a type B athletics facility and a lawn playing field according to DIN dimensions for school and club sports was opened there. An old archway of the former paper factory at the entrance of the clubhouse and restaurant "Zur alten Papierfabrik" is now a reminder of earlier times.

Kirnbach Museum - Niefern's "Good Room"

Niefern-Öschelbronn has had a local museum since 1984. It is located in the community center of Niefern, Hauptstraße 25, the formerly old town hall and later the schoolhouse, which - after the fire - was rebuilt in 1822.

The Kulturkreis, founded in 1982, was one of its first initiatives to suggest furnishing the home room. Thereupon the community offered two rooms of the former police station in the old town hall. A start was made, the local history museum was inaugurated in May 1984.

After the old town hall was renovated between 1994 and 1997 as part of the Nieferner town center redevelopment and became a community center, the local history museum, which has since grown considerably, had to be modest again.

Economy and Infrastructure

Transport
The Niefern stop in Niefern-Vorort is on the Karlsruhe – Mühlacker railway line . It hold regional express trains at two-hour intervals the relation Karlsruhe-Stuttgart and trains the Karlsruhe Stadtbahn relation Wörth (Rhein) -Badepark- Karlsruhe - Bietigheim-Bissingen . In addition, the community is accessed by the federal motorway 8 (exit Pforzheim-Ost) and the federal road 10 .

Companies
A total of around 600 companies are based in Niefern-Öschelbronn, including 35 industrial, 40 jewelry, 95 craft and 430 other companies. In addition, Niefern-Öschelbronn has five hotels with a bed capacity of around 400 beds.

Personalities

Sons and daughters of the church

Karl Wilhelm Doll (1827–1905), born in Niefern, theologian, prelate of the Evangelical Church in Baden
Friedrich Lautenschlager (1890–1955), born in Niefern, director of the Badische Landesbibliothek
Ludwig Vögely (1916–2009), born in Niefern, Baden local researcher and writer
Richard Münch (* 1945), born in Niefern, sociologist (retired since 2013)
Annette Scheurich (* 1954), documentary filmmaker
Bernd Gögel (* 1955), politician (AfD), member of the state parliament
Carolina Krafzik (* 1995), track and field athlete

People in connection with the community

Friedrich Leicht (1925–2019), grew up in Niefern, local chronicle
Erik Schweickert (* 1972), grew up in Niefern, professor of wine economics , politician ( FDP ) and member of the Bundestag
Miriam Haidle (* 1966), grew up in Niefern, archaeologist and paleoanthropologist

literature

Friedrich Leicht, Günter Schmalacker: Chronicle of the community Niefern-Öschelbronn. IPa Verlag Vaihingen-Enz 2002.
Karl Helmut Wagner: The Niefernburg / The castle and its inhabitants. Goldstadtverlag 1988.
Karl Helmut Wagner: The Martinskirche in Niefern through the ages. Goldstadtverlag 1988.
Matthias Köhler: Evangelical Church Niefern. Schnell & Steiner Regensburg 1996.

Web links

Commons : Niefern-Öschelbronn - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Website of the municipality of Niefern-Öschelbronn

Individual evidence

↑ State Statistical Office Baden-Württemberg - Population by nationality and gender on December 31, 2018 (CSV file) ( help on this ).
^ The state of Baden-Württemberg. Official description by district and municipality. Volume V: Karlsruhe district Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 1976, ISBN 3-17-002542-2 , pp. 573-576.
^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 478 .
↑ statistik-bw.de
^ Municipality of Niefern-Öschelbronn (Enzkreis): Sights. Retrieved June 26, 2019 .
↑ About us: History , website of the Niefernburg social educational institution, accessed on June 22, 2015.

[Metadaten_Einwohnerzahl_DE-BW-1] State Statistical Office Baden-Württemberg - Population by nationality and gender on December 31, 2018 (CSV file) ( help on this ).

[2] The state of Baden-Württemberg. Official description by district and municipality. Volume V: Karlsruhe district Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 1976, ISBN 3-17-002542-2 , pp. 573-576.

[3] Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 478 .

[4] statistik-bw.de

[5] Municipality of Niefern-Öschelbronn (Enzkreis): Sights. Retrieved June 26, 2019 .

[6] About us: History , website of the Niefernburg social educational institution, accessed on June 22, 2015.