Alertshausen

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Alertshausen
City of Bad Berleburg
Coordinates: 51 ° 3 ′ 23 ″  N , 8 ° 31 ′ 9 ″  E
Height : 437 m
Area : 4.47 km²
Residents : 253  (Feb. 3, 2014)
Population density : 57 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation : 1st January 1975
Postal code : 57319
Area code : 02750
View from Dieleberg to Alertshausen
View from Dieleberg to Alertshausen

Alertshausen is a district of Bad Berleburg in the Siegen-Wittgenstein district in North Rhine-Westphalia . The place has belonged to the Bad Berleburg urban area since the regional reform in 1975 and was an independent municipality of the Arfeld office in what was then Wittgenstein district until it was incorporated .

geography

Alertshausen is located in the southeastern part of the federal state of North Rhine-Westphalia in the eastern part of the Wittgensteiner Land , in the immediate vicinity of the Hessian border. The 877 road leads through the village. There are 20 bridges in the village. The highest point is the Hohe Warte .

Three mills were active in the area. The upper and lower mills , as well as a sawmill that was used to process the local wood.

Alertshausen is located on the Elsoffbach .

Chapel in Alertshausen

history

The beginnings

The historical review goes back to the 8th century. At this time, in the reign of Charlemagne , the actual settlement of the Wittgensteiner Land took place. The Franks ruled the southern part of what is now Germany. The northern part was shaped by the Saxons. Franconia and Saxony were direct competitors in the power structure of that time. The intention of the Franks was to protect the Hessengau against military incursions by the Saxons. These disputes culminated in the Saxon Wars of 772–804 . In 778 a battle between the two rivals took place near the Hessian town of Laisa . In 1747 1000 year old coins were found in Alertshausen. It can be assumed that these coins were lost by troops passing through on the march. It is not possible to say whether Alertshausen was already permanently settled during this period. After the complete subjugation of the Saxons, the settlement of today's Wittgenstein and the Elsofftal followed. Secured documents of the settlement can only be found again in the first occupation document from the year 1059.

The noble landlord -Buobo von Elsoff- completed the split from the Raumländischen mother church in this year. In order to be able to hold mass, baptism and the intercession of the deceased in Elsoff, he transferred part of his lands to the church in Raumland. The localities Schwarzenau , Beddelhausen , Elsoff and Alertshausen appear in the corresponding document . The villages of Gospershausen, Breitendelle, Ruihena and Leinefa, which became desolate in the 14th century, can also be found again.

First occupancy

Alertshausen was first occupied during the reign of Henry IV. A document (tracing) from the Wittgenstein archive from the 18th century shows that the noble Buobo von Elsoff , according to tradition, was a landowner from the Hollende family (Kr.Marburg) in Elsoff had been "on the shed" and in 1059 carried out the separation from the mother church.

Church life depended on the mother church in Raumland (Rumlandun). But in order to be able to isolate himself from the mother church and to be able to hold the mass, baptism and also the intercession of the deceased in the church in Elsoff, Buebo transferred part of his land to the church in Raumland, which he had received under Archbishop Luobold of the diocese of Mainz . This manorial rule extended over several localities: Schwarzenau , Beddelhausen , Elsoff and Alertshausen. There were also Gospershausen , Breidendelle , Ruihena and Leinefa . When and why the three last-named places became desolate cannot be determined; probably in the great desert period of the 14th century.

Alertshausen, which was located on the outer edge of the domain of the above-mentioned Buobo, was influenced by the rule of a knight family from Diedenshausen , which was first mentioned in 1194. The castle of the knight family is believed to be where the chapel stands today. Remnants of walls from that time have been found during renovation work. The knights were Hessian Burgmannen zu Battenberg as well as Electoral Cologne Burgmannen zu Hallenberg. The expansion of the property was widely dispersed. Property in the Edertal as well as in the border area between Wittgenstein and Hesse and in the Elsofftal. This also included property in the Alertshausen area.

At the end of the 14th century, the knights of Diedenshausen died out. The inheritance went to the family of Viermünden in 1394/1395 . From these the property passed on to the families von Dersch, von Winter and Grafschaft. Diedenshausen's property in Alertshausen is listed in the Haina (monastery) inventory of goods around 1250. It says: “Amelbert von Battenberg (Battenburg) exchanged one hoof in Haina monastery in Mohnhausen (Manhusen) for another in Alertshausen (Aldolveshusen), which Godebert the Elder. Ä. von Diedenshausen (Dedilshusen) had transferred to the monastery. "

Further documents (Darmstadt State Archive) lead to September 8, 1394, when Gerlach von Diedenshausen ceded several possessions and rights to the Knights of Viermünden to repay debts. Among other things, a good at Alertshausen.

The medieval village

The Elsoff Bailiwick is mentioned for the first time in 1194 . Alertshausen is part of the Vogtei and therefore independent of the Counts of Wittgenstein. After the Wittgenstein Counts became independent in 1238, around 1250 a castle-like fortification was built on the Hohe Warte mountain . This represented a clear boundary marking between Battenberg and Wittgenstein. This complex was not a castle in the classical sense. As a result of the name “Hohe Warthe”, it can be assumed that it was more of an observation tower with a rampart. Remnants of the facility were used to build bridges at the beginning of the 20th century.

The village as part of the Elsoff Bailiwick

The first documentary occupation of the bailiwick can be traced back to the year 1194 by the Archbishop Konrad von Mainz . The archbishop transferred the power of bailiwick - that is, the exercise of administration and jurisdiction - to Count Widekind and his brother Volkwin von Naumburg (Kr. Wolfhagen). Count Werner von Wittgenstein, Gottfried von Hatzfeld and Godebert von Diedenshausen are named as witnesses. Due to family relationships between the Counts of Naumburg and Buobo, who appeared in the first occupation document of Alertshausen, who in turn was related to the Counts of Hollende (Kr. Marburg), the Bailiwick may have belonged to the Electorate of Mainz as early as 1059 .

In 1276 the Counts of Naumburg died out. In 1428 Count Johann von Wittgenstein is the owner of the bailiwick. Who in the meantime ruled the Bailiwick cannot be clearly stated.

In 1464 the Landgraviate of Hesse took over the Mainz office of Battenberg. The administration of the office took over on the instructions of the Landgrave a rentmaster, who also presided over the district court Battenberg. The district court of the Bailiwick of Elsoff was one of them. The county of Wittgenstein was divided for the first time in 1506. Count Eberhard's sons shared power and government in the country. The older son, Count Wilhelm, received the town of Laasphe with Wittgenstein Castle and the offices of Wittgenstein and Richstein. As part of the Elsoff Bailiwick, Alertshausen also fell under Count Wilhelm's government.

Modern times

The Reformation carried out by the Counts of Wittgenstein in 1534 is a major change. The Alertshausen population changed from the Catholic to the Reformed faith. During this time, in 1553, the chapel was first mentioned in a document. The first bell purchase took place in 1647.

The Thirty Years War (1618-1648) pulled Alertshausen into great harm. Billeting, looting and two plague epidemics in 1625 and 1636 took almost 2/3 of the population and houses. At the end of this mass extinction, it should be noted that Alertshausen was not only the most depopulated village in the bailiwick, but also in the entire county of Wittgenstein.

In 1629 a witch was sentenced in Alertshausen . Margarete von Alertshausen , who lived in the village, was arrested, beheaded and burned at Wittgenstein Castle . A year later, Mebes (Bartholomäus) service was also a victim of the Holy Inquisition . On June 10, 1630, Mebe's service was arrested in Alertshausen, brought to Wittgenstein Castle and thrown into dungeon. The first interrogation took place on June 11, 1630. These dragged on until July 9, 1630. On that day he was found guilty of sorcery and burned at the stake.

Thirty Years' War

The horrors of the Thirty Years' War reached Alertshausen in 1622, four years after its outbreak. The compulsory levies with the billeting of Catholic troops up to 1627 made whole areas impoverished, as not only quarters but also food and pay had to be paid for. Need and misery were omnipresent. Again and again there were looting of so-called "grazing parties" from the Electoral Cologne area.

The neighboring town of Diedenshausen was reduced to rubble in 1633. In order to prevent a renewed incursion of these gangs, guard posts were set up by the population on mountains and trees. These posts were supposed to warn the residents of the individual villages in good time so that cattle and property could be brought to safety. However, this security service did not bring any noteworthy success, so that the gang activity from the Cologne area continued.

In 1634 15 horses, 80 one-year-old cattle and 400 sheep were stolen from Alertshausen. Furniture and clothing were also stolen. In order to be able to retrieve the stolen animals and objects from the Cologne property, the alert houses turned to the Count with a petition, since some Hessian regiments had been deployed to protect the Wittgenstein population. The alert houses were willing to accompany the regiments to retrieve the stolen items.

The years between 1634 and 1637 were the worst years for Alertshausen and the entire region. The main cause was the billeting of imperial and Darmstadt troops. This caused the Alertshausen population to leave their home and yard. In order to be able to live, the enemy troops moved on to Elsoff.

As a result of these circumstances, through hunger and displacement and also through times of plague (1624, 1636), the population decreased drastically. In a list of subjects from 1627, 28 houses were inhabited in Alertshausen. In 1644 there were only seven inhabited, two empty and twelve burned down. The high number of houses burned down is probably due to a fire in the period shortly before 1644. But this has not been proven. But the connection with the raids mentioned above is more likely.

From 1638 on, life in town gradually calmed down. Alertshausen was also free from billeting and raids for the years 1639 to 1642. Nevertheless, dues had to be paid to troop leaders on both sides. Despite this continued high financial burden, the land and livestock recovered.

In 1645 the war flared up again. The reason for this was the planned reconquest of Upper Hesse under French and Swedish leadership, the so-called " Hessenkrieg ", intended by Landgravine Amalie Elisabeth von Hessen . In 1648, 44 Malter Korn, six Malter Barley, 54 Malter Oats, 27 cows, eight cattle, 145 sheep, 44 pigs and two calves were lost when they passed through Alertshausen, Elsoff and Beddelhausen. The Swedish march cost another 27 Malter Korn, 67 Malter Oats, 15 horses, 50 cows, 43 cattle, 202 sheep, 61 pigs and three calves.

Peasants' War

Because they belonged to the Elsoff Bailiwick, the alert houses were never serfs. Serfdom was introduced in 1696 on the basis of a determination by the count. However, this was not recognized and rejected by Alertshausen. From Wittgenstein's side, attempts were made to convert the county into a domain. This led to the reintroduction of serfdom in 1724. In 1725 the "Vogteier" rebelled. This culminated in a battle on October 11, 1725. Five Elsoffer, one Alerthauser and one Beddelhauser lost their lives. The other side also suffered losses. On October 13, 1724, the Reich Chamber Court found the Bailiwick guilty of the rebellion. The Bailiwick had to make up for the labor it had not done in 28 years by paying 1,479,782 Reichstaler. Due to further lawsuits, this high debt did not need to be repaid. A service fee was introduced as a substitute .

General events

Flag of the former war club

On October 4, 1785, the final Wittgenstein-Hessian tenth boundary was provided with 44 numbered boundary stones. In 1801 the dilapidated chapel was demolished. On October 24, 1802, the newly built church was reopened. In 1865 a brief mining period begins in Alertshausen with the opening of the Reinhold mine . In 1891 the pits with God were dared and Freudenberg muted. The warrior association was founded in 1874 and remained active until shortly after the Second World War . In 1894 the male choir, which today appears as a mixed choir, was founded. In 1899 the village school was built.

In 1920 the community assembly decided that Alertshausen should be connected to the power grid. The transformer house was built in 1921. The cost was 17,905.02 marks. In autumn of this year the first light bulbs shone in Alertshausen. The outlying farms followed on July 18, 1923.

The supply of the population with drinking water culminated in 1911 with the construction of the aqueduct. In 1834 a fire brigade had to be set up due to an instruction from the district administrator. In 1859 the Grell company in Wetzlar bought a hand pressure syringe. This is still functional today. Since the fire brigade was hardly organized, the volunteer fire brigade was founded in 1934 .

present

Due to the Sauerland / Paderborn law of November 5, 1974, Alertshausen lost its independence as a municipality and became a district of Bad Berleburg. The law came into force on January 1, 1975.

The Heimat- und Verkehrsverein was founded in 1967. In 1988 the village youth joined forces to found the bear club.

In 2002 and 2003 Alertshausen was connected to the public sewer system.

Population development

  • 1961: 334 inhabitants
  • 1970: 331 inhabitants
  • 1974: 338 inhabitants
  • 2002: 330 inhabitants
  • 2011: 284 inhabitants

Church life in Alertshausen

Church (chapel) to Alertshausen

The first documented mention of a chapel in Alertshausen dates back to March 23, 1558, which can be found in the list of invoices from the churches in Ampte Ruschein ( Richstein ). The first completely preserved chapel bill from the Kapellenmeister von Alertshausen is dated 1655.

It is not known exactly how often the service was held in Alertshausen. Since the pastor from Elsoff had to look after the chapel community in Beddelhausen, as he does today, his activity in Alertshausen will have been limited to a service once a month. In 1669 there were no services at all due to the pastor's illness. As a result, there was no collection and no alms could be distributed. Since then, communion services have been carried out in Alertshausen. Popular dates were New Year, Easter and Pentecost and especially Christmas Day.

The cemetery was in Alertshausen until 1871, right next to the chapel. For reasons of space, the new cemetery “im Neuling” was inaugurated this year.

The years 1672 to 1674 are of great importance for church life in Alertshausen. It was decided to purchase a church bell. The bell was bought by a Jewish merchant in Hallenberg , and the bell was cast in Fritzlar . Since the alert houses did not pay on time, there was a court hearing in Hallenberg. Despite all the circumstances, the bell was able to be placed in a specially built tower at the chapel in 1674.

At that time there was no pension scheme as we know it today. The office of poor relief was the task of the chapel community. The financial basis was the income in the sacrificial bag during the service. The distribution of alms was mostly very poor due to the low church services. The beneficiaries of these alms were widows and the sick. The money was distributed specifically to the individual in the event of problems such as illness or fire disasters.

For the years 1709 to 1712, the bills do not show any expenses for the poor or needy, presumably because major repairs had to be carried out on the chapel. The most common work that had to be done on the chapel was the maintenance of the churchyard wall and repair work on the chapel roof. The Leiendecker (stone decker) was the busiest craftsman on the building. In 1802 the chapel had to be demolished due to its dilapidation and replaced by a new building. The chapel has been listed as a registered monument since November 18, 1983 .

Buildings

Picture gallery

  • Schwarzenbach

  • View from "Katzensturz"

  • View from the "Hüls"

  • View from the "pitfall"

Regular events

  • Easter fire - village youth - Holy Saturday
  • Splashproof - Voluntary fire brigade (city youth games) - summer vacation
  • Determination of the Bear King - Village youth - 2nd weekend in August
  • Bear dance - village youth - December 27th

literature

  • Kathrin Hirsch: Two hundred years of Alertshausen Church 1802–2002 . Festschrift. 2002.
  • Klaus Homrighausen: Border crossing around Alertshausen and Diedenshausen . Fourth border crossing on May 25, 2003. Alertshausen / Diedenshausen 2003, 52 pp.
  • Klaus Homrighausen: Border crossing around Alertshausen and Diedenshausen . Fifth border crossing on May 29, 2005. Alertshausen / Diedenshausen 2005.
  • Fritz Krämer: The Elsoffer Peasant War . A contribution to the history of the villages of Alertshausen, Beddelhausen and Elsoff (1721–1729). In: Wittgenstein. Leaves of the Wittgensteiner Heimatverein. 1968, pp. 45 ff., 58 ff., 145 ff.
  • Ulf Lückel: Alertshausen Church. In: Andreas Kroh, Ulf Lückel, Johannes Burkardt (eds.): The churches of the Wittgenstein church district in words and pictures. Bad Fredeburg 2001, ISBN 3-930271-86-9 .
  • Jochen Karl Mehldau : Old farms in Alertshausen 1566–1875. In: Wittgenstein. Leaves of the Wittgensteiner Heimatverein. 2009, pp. 75 ff., 115 ff., 144 ff.
  • Jochen Karl Mehldau: Mills, assessors and sunken houses in Alertshausen. In: Wittgenstein. Leaves of the Wittgensteiner Heimatverein. 2010, p. 26 ff.
  • Werner Wied : Contributions to the history of the village and chapel Alertshausen : In: Wittgenstein. Leaves of the Wittgensteiner Heimatverein. 1993, p. 86 ff., 130 ff.
  • Lars Womelsdorf: Contributions to the history of the village Alertshausen.
  • Günther Wrede: Territorial history of the county of Wittgenstein. Elwert, Marburg 1927, DNB 362415005 . (Marburg studies on older German history; H. 3).
  • Karl Zoll: Dialect in Alertshausen. BoD, Norderstedt 2009, ISBN 978-3-8370-8435-1 .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 337 .
  2. ↑ Martin Bünermann, Heinz Köstering: The communities and districts after the municipal territorial reform in North Rhine-Westphalia . Deutscher Gemeindeverlag, Cologne 1975, ISBN 3-555-30092-X , p. 138 .