Alpinia

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Alpinia
Real galangal or galangal root (Alpinia officinarum), illustration from Koehler 1887

Real galangal or galangal root ( Alpinia officinarum ),
illustration from Koehler 1887

Systematics
Monocots
Commelinids
Order : Gingery (Zingiberales)
Family : Ginger family (Zingiberaceae)
Subfamily : Alpinioideae
Genre : Alpinia
Scientific name
Alpinia
Roxb.

Alpinia is a genus in the subfamily Alpinioideae from the family of the ginger family (Zingiberaceae) that the monocots plants belong. With around 250 species, the genus is the most species-rich in the ginger family.

Some species are used as aromatic and medicinal plants by humans. Many species and varieties are used as ornamental plants in tropical gardens and parks.

description

Illustration of Alpinia kawakamii
Ripe fruits of the clam ginger ( Alpinia zerumbet )

Appearance and leaves

Alpinia species are perennial herbaceous plants . They form creeping, thick rhizomes as persistence organs. Well-developed “pseudostems” are usually formed from mostly many, rarely only one to four leaves. The simple leaf blades are elongated or lanceolate.

Inflorescences and flowers

The terminal, racemose , ährigen , rispigen inflorescences contained in the dense stretched to distance many flowers. The budding inflorescences are usually covered by one to three bracts. Each flower is usually above a tubular to spreading wrapper.

The hermaphrodite flowers are zygomorphic and trifoliate double perianth (perianth). The three sepals are usually tubed together, sometimes the calyx tube is split on one side. Three carpels have grown together to form a three- chamber ovary. The placentation is central angled. The labellum is often noticeable with differently lobed or smooth edges and is usually longer than the corolla lobes. Sometimes stamens are missing. The scar is usually well developed.

Fruits and seeds

Usually spherical, dry or fleshy capsule fruits with many seeds are formed. The often angular seeds have an aril .

ecology

Alpinia species are mainly pollinated by bees.

Systematics and distribution

The valid publication of the genus Alpinia took place in 1810 by William Roxburgh in Asiatic Researches , 11, pp. 350-352 with the type species Alpinia galanga (L.) Willd. The genus name Alpinia honors the Italian botanist Prospero Alpini (also written Prosper Alpinus, 1553-1617). Synonyms for Alpinia Roxb. nom. cons. are: Adelmeria Ridl. , Albina Giseke , Buekia Giseke , Catimbium Juss. , Cenolophon flower , Elmeria Ridl. , Eriolopha Ridl. , Guillainia Vieill. , Hellenia Willd. , Hellwigia Warb. , Heritiera Retz. , Kolowratia C.Presl , Languas J.Koenig ex Small , Martensia Giseke , Odontychium K.Schum. , Strobidia Miq. , Zerumbet J.C. Wendl . Alpinia Roxb. was established by Vienna ICBN Art. 14.10 & App. III preserved against the older homonym ( Vienna ICBN Art. 53 ) Alpinia L. published in 1753 by Carl von Linné in Species Plantarum , 1, p. 2 with the type species Alpinia racemosa L. , whose valid name is Renealmia pyramidalis (Lam.) Maas is; also this name is Alpinia Roxb. preserved against the names Albina Giseke , Buekia Giseke and Zerumbet J.C. Wendl .

The genus Alpinia Roxb. contains about 230 species. This genus is not monophyletic and will therefore be divided into several genus in the near future. The genus Alpinia belongs to the tribe Alpinieae in the subfamily of the Alpinioideae within the family of the Zingiberaceae .

Alpinia species have a distribution center in the Indonesian archipelago and in tropical Australia. Species are also found in large parts of the tropical Asian continent.

The genre is divided into two sub-genres and eleven sections:

  • Subgenus Alpinia :
    • Section Alpinia
    • Didymanthus section
    • Section Kolowratia (C.Presl) Loes.
    • Fax Section R.M.Sm.
    • Section Guillania
    • Section Arctiflorae R.M.Sm.
    • Section Allughas K.Schum.
  • Subgenus Dieramalpinia K.Schum. :
    • Section Dieramalpinia
    • Section Eubractea K. Schum.
    • Section of the Myriocrater
    • Section of Pycnanthus
Inflorescences of Alpinia abundiflora in the habitat
Habit and leaves of Alpinia caerulea
Fruchtstand of Alpinia caerulea with ripe fruit
Inflorescence of Alpinia calcarata
Rhizome of Thai ginger ( Alpinia galanga )
Habitus and inflorescence of Thai ginger ( Alpinia galanga )
Alpinia japonica
Habit and leaves of Alpinia jianganfeng
Inflorescence of Alpinia malaccensis
Inflorescence of Alpinia oxyphylla
Alpinia pricei fruit cluster with ripe fruits
Deciduous leaves of Alpinia pumila
Habit and inflorescences of a variety of Alpinia purpurata
Pink variety of Alpinia purpurata
Alpinia speciosa
Habit of a variegated variety of Alpinia vittata
Inflorescence of the shell ginger ( Alpinia zerumbet )
Clam ginger ( Alpinia zerumbet ), fruiting

The genus Alpinia Roxb. contains about 230 species:

No longer counted in this genus:

Habit of a variegated variety of mussel ginger ( Alpinia zerumbet )

use

Aromatic and medicinal plants

Ornamental plants

The varieties of some species, such as greater galangal ( Alpinia galanga ), Australian Blue Alpinie ( Alpinia caerulea ), Rosa Tang Alpinie, Red Alpinie or Red Ginger ( Alpinia purpurata ), Shell Ginger or mussel Alpinie ( Alpinia zerumbet ) are used as ornamental plants in subtropical to tropical parks and gardens and also used as durable cut flowers .

swell

  • Delin Wu, Kai Larsen: Zingiberaceae. : Alpinia , p. 333 - online with the same text as the printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven (Ed.): Flora of China. Volume 24: Flagellariaceae through Marantaceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 2000, ISBN 0-915279-83-5 . (Sections Description and Distribution)
  • W. John Kress, Ai-Zhong Liu, Mark Newman, Qing-Jun Li: The molecular phylogeny of Alpinia (Zingiberaceae): a complex and polyphyletic genus of gingers. In: American Journal of Botany , Volume 92, 2005, pp. 167-178. Full text online. (Section systematics)

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc Delin Wu, Kai Larsen: Zingiberaceae. : Alpinia , p. 333 - online with the same text as the printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven (Ed.): Flora of China. Volume 24: Flagellariaceae through Marantaceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 2000, ISBN 0-915279-83-5 .
  2. ^ Helmut Genaust: Etymological dictionary of botanical plant names. 3rd, completely revised and expanded edition. Nikol, Hamburg 2005, ISBN 3-937872-16-7 , pp. 52-53 (reprint from 1996).
  3. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz da db dc dd de df dg dh di dj dk dl dm dn do dp dq dr ds dt du dv dw dx dy dz ea eb ec ed ee ef eg eh ei ej ek el em en eo ep eq er es et eu ev ew ex ey ez fa fb fc fd fe ff fg fh fi fj fk fl fm fn fo fp fq fr fs ft fu fv fw fx fy fz ga gb gc gd ge gf gg gh gi gj gk gl gm gn go gp gq gr gs gt gu gv gw gx gy gz ha hb hc hd he Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Alpinia. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved January 28, 2019.
  4. ↑ Alpinia in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved January 28, 2019.
  5. ↑ Gordon Cheers (Ed.): Botanica. The ABC of plants. 10,000 species in text and images . Könemann Verlagsgesellschaft, 2003, ISBN 3-8331-1600-5 (therein page 84).
  6. ↑ Walter Erhardt , Erich Götz, Nils Bödeker, Siegmund Seybold: The great zander. Encyclopedia of Plant Names. Volume 2. Types and varieties. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2008, ISBN 978-3-8001-5406-7 .

Web links

Commons : Alpinia  - collection of images, videos and audio files