Office Peitz (Neumark)

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The Peitz office was an electoral Brandenburg domain office with its seat in Peitz ( Spree-Neisse district , Brandenburg). It emerged in the 15th century from the Peitz rule , which was first mentioned in a document at the beginning of the 14th century. In 1448, the Brandenburg Elector Friedrich II acquired the rule of Peitz, which remained connected to the Mark Brandenburg for the rest of the world; However, it remained a fiefdom of the Bohemian Crown until 1742 . The Peitz office became an independent office in 1574 and was merged with the Cottbus office in 1832 and dissolved. From the middle of the 18th century, the former lords of Cottbus and Peitz were also called Cottbusischer Kreis or Cottbuser Kreis.

history

In 1301, Peitz Castle was first mentioned in a document, which covered a passage over the Malxe . In their protection a settlement developed in a lattice system with a fence and two gates, which is mentioned in 1371 and 1423 as stead , 1444, 1448, 1478 and 1485 as town . Around 1350 are (very likely and also the surrounding territory) known as the owner of the castle and settlement lean (to 1359), including a Henry Mager, of 1350 as a follower of the Brandenburg Margrave Ludwig I fell into excommunication. 1357 his brother Hans Mager zu Peitz is also mentioned.

In 1353 the Mark Lausitz (= Niederlausitz) was pledged to the Wettins, the two Mager brothers opened the Wettiner Friedrich III. from Meissen their Peitz Castle. In 1359 Frederick III promised that Hans and Hartmann Mager would remain in possession of Peitz Castle. From 1362 to 1364 the castle was probably in the direct possession of Friedrich III. In 1363 Charles IV redeemed the pledge for the Mark Lausitz in his position as Bohemian king with financial help from Duke Bolko II , Duke of Schweidnitz-Jauer . For this Bolko received the Mark Lausitz as a fiefdom for life.

In 1367 the formal owner of the Mark Lausitz, the Brandenburg Margrave Otto V, had sold the Mark Lausitz (and also the Mark Brandenburg) to Charles IV in his capacity as Bohemian King. The pledge holder Bolko II died in 1368 and Niederlausitz fell back to Charles IV. This connected them to the Bohemian crown in 1367/70.

In 1377 Peitz belonged to that part of the Lausitz region that Karl IV transferred to his son Johann in his Duchy of Görlitz . After his early death in 1396, this short-lived duchy fell back to the Bohemian crown and the old borders were restored. Johann von Görlitz had given the Lower Lusatian bailiff Anselm von Ronow (bailiff: 1380–1386) Peitz as a pledge. In 1411 he passed the pledge on to Duke Rudolf III. of Saxony; and from the Saxon Duke Rudolf, the pledge was passed on to Hans and Heinrich Schenken von Landsberg, who were verifiably in the possession of Peitz in 1430. In 1431 Hans and Heinrich Schenken von Landsberg with their castles Teupitz, Sydow and Peitz placed themselves under the protection of the Brandenburg Elector Friedrich II in view of the danger of the Hussites . In 1436 Saxon troops conquered the castle and town of Peitz. Heinrich Schenk von Landsberg transferred the lien on the Peitz rule to the Brandenburg elector Friedrich II in 1442, and received the Peitz rule again in the same year as an official. These pledges or the transfer of the pledge took place with the consent of the respective Bohemian king, who had reserved the redemption of the pledge.

In 1444 Frederick II pledged the Peitz castle and rule to Hans and Kaspar von Waldau. In 1448 Hans von Waldau returned the Peitz rule or the pledge to the Brandenburg Elector Friedrich II for 6000 Rhenish guilders.

In 1422, the Lower Lusatian bailiff Hans von Polenz came to the Lusatia region as a pledge for 7,850 groschen. In 1448 Frederick II bought the pledge of the Lausitz region from the sons of Hans von Polenz, Jakob and Jakob under the guardianship of Nicolaus von Polenz, for 16,000 shock Prague groschen. In 1449 he received the lordship with the lords of Cottbus and Peitz, but not for the Lausitz region (= Niederlausitz) as a whole, although at that time he was actually in possession of Niederlausitz.

In 1445 Reinhard (II.) Von Cottbus had to sell his stake in the Cottbus rule to the Brandenburg Elector Friedrich II because of great financial difficulties. Since he was now looking for a decent apartment, he received the rule of Peitz from Friedrich II in 1448 as a fief for life. Reinhard von Cottbus died in 1475 and the reign of Peitz fell back to the Brandenburg elector. After the death of Reinhard von Cottbus in 1475, Peitz remained in the Electoral Brandenburg office.

In 1478 Peitz was pledged again, this time to Dietrich von Freiberg, followed by Albrecht von Leipzig. In 1480 it was pledged to Count Eitelfried von Zollern, in 1489 to Georg II von Anhalt-Köthen and finally in 1490 to Zabel von Burgsdorf. A few years later, Peitz must have come into direct possession of the Brandenburg margrave again.

In 1517 Joachim I. appointed Balthasar von Buch as captain of Cottbus and Peitz. So we have him for his housekeeping and salary In our Sloß Cottbus on the following people ... in addition to having and receiving our ampten, prescribed and granted that Ime our Castner there at the given time should give and give two hundred gulden in ordinary Muntz Landeswerung, dartzu havern forty painters ... The note clearly states that Cottbus, together with Peitz, was already an office in 1517 that was led by a paid captain.

According to Berthold Schulze, Peitz is said to have been separated from the Cottbus office in 1574 and made into a separate office. But in 1662 Georg Abraham von Grünberg was governor in Cottbus and Peitz.

The lordships of Cottbus and Peitz belonged to the Neumark part of the Mark Brandenburg region , but the three offices Cottbus, Peitz and Sielow were subordinate to the Kurmärkische Kammer and not to the Neumärkische Kammer. They are therefore listed under the Kurmark.

In 1774, the Peitz office seems to have belonged to the Neumärkische Kammer for a short time. In 1774, the works in the Mouse and Lakoma suburbs of the Peitz office in New Mark were assigned to the Cottbus office in the Kurmark region. After Gulde, the Peitz office belonged again to the Kurmärkische Kammer in 1783, so also in 1815. The manual on the Royal Prussian Court and State for the year 1798 (and the following manuals up to 1832), however, list the Peitz office again under the Neumark offices.

The Peitz office had already been given a general lease in 1708. The general lease for the office in 1786 was 11,986 thalers a year. In addition, the lessee had to make a deposit of 4000 thalers in the event of lease defaults.

Associated places

The compilation follows the topographical-statistical overview of the administrative district of Frankfurth ad O. from 1820, which shows the state of 1818.

  • Bärenbrück , village
  • Bärenbrücker Fischhof, Vorwerk
  • Diebsdorf, suburb (= Cottbus suburb of Peitz)
  • Drachhausen , village and Vorwerk
  • Drachhausen colony (see Drachhausen)
  • Drachhausener Försterei (see Drachhausen)
  • Drachhausen tar furnace (see Drachhausen)
  • Drehnow , village
  • Desert Drehwitz , village
  • Drehwitzer Unterförsterei (see Drewitz)
  • Fehrow , village
  • Fehrower Unterförsterei (see Fehrow)
  • Friedrichshof , establishment
  • Groß Lieskow , village
  • Heinersbrück , village and leasehold farm
  • Heinersbrücker Mühle , windmill
  • Ironworks near Peitz, old and new hammer
  • Jänschwalde , village and colony (see Heinersbrück)
  • Jänschwalder Forsthaus (see Jänschwalde)
  • Jänschwalder sheep farm (see Jänschwalde)
  • Klein Lieskow , village, share, other share of the Tranitz manor
  • Luisenruh ( Louisenruh ), plantation
  • Mauster mill , watermill (see Maus )
  • Merzdorf , village
  • Neuendorf , village
  • Peitzer house, dam keeper's house (see Peitz)
  • Preilack ( Preylack ), village
  • Radewiese , colony
  • Saccasne ( Sackasne ), colony
  • Saspow , village, proportionately, other proportion of the Cottbus domain office
  • Schmogrow , village
  • Schönhöhe , colony
  • Schönhöhe, Vorwerk (see Schönhöhe)
  • Skadow , pro rata, other part Domainamt Cottbus
  • Ströbitz , proportionately, other proportion City of Cottbus
  • Tauer , village
  • Tauer windmill
  • Tauer tar stove
  • Turnow , village, proportionately, other proportion city of Peitz
  • Turnower Ziegeley (see Tirnow)
  • Willmersdorf , village

After the defeat of Prussia in 1806 against the Napoleonic troops, in 1807 after the Peace of Tilsit the Cottbus district and with it the Peitz office fell to the Kingdom of Saxony . In September 1813 the Cottbus District (and with it the Peitz Office) was (again) integrated into the Prussian administrative structures before the rest of Niederlausitz. As binding under international law, the entire Lower Lusatia was ceded by the Kingdom of Saxony to Prussia only after the Congress of Vienna in May 1815. In 1832 the Peitz Office was merged with the Cottbus Office and dissolved.

Officials and tenants

  • 1517 Balthasar von Buch, captain of Cottbus and Peitz
  • 1545 to 1554 (+) Heinrich von Pack zu Sommerfeld, captain of Cottbus and Peitz
  • 1554 Berthold von Mandelsloh, governor of Cottbus and Peitz
  • 1575 Melchior von Loeben, governor of Peitz
  • 1662 Georg Abraham von Grünberg, governor of Cottbus and Peitz Houwald, Spremberg p. 160.
  • 1750 Peckold
  • 1767 Mrs. Eva Eleonora Krügerin, widowed Peckoldin, war councilor and tenant general, lives in the office
  • 1770 Elias Balthasar Giesel, war councilor and general tenant, lives on the Eisenhammer near Peitz
  • 1775 Elias Balthasar Giesel, war councilor and general tenant, lives on the Eisenhammer near Peitz. In 1788 he acquired the Groß Oßnig manor for 26,000 thalers. In 1798 he sold it again to Christian Aigust von Pannwitz for 46,000.
  • 1798 Otto Daniel Schirrmann, senior magistrate
  • 1800 Schirrmann, chief magistrate
  • 1804 Schirrmann, chief magistrate
  • 1812 Christian Friedrich Wilke, senior magistrate
  • 1818 Christian Friedrich Wilke, senior magistrate
  • 1824 Christian Friedrich Wilke, senior magistrate
  • 1832 Charlotte used. Wilke and her husband District Judge Roemelt.

literature

  • Anonymous: additions and corrections to DAF Büsching's complete topography of the Mark Brandenburg. Berlin 1775 in 4 °. (From manuscripts from 1784). Johann Bernoulli's archive on modern history, geography, knowledge of nature and people, 6: 313–329, Leipzig 1787 Online at Google Books (incomplete: list of places only goes up to F)
  • Friedrich Beck, Lieselott Enders , Heinz Braun (with the assistance of Margot Beck, Barbara Merker): Authorities and institutions in the territories of Kurmark, Neumark, Niederlausitz until 1808/16. Brandenburgisches Landeshauptarchiv Corporation, Böhlau, Weimar 1964 (overview of the holdings of the Brandenburgisches Landeshauptarchiv Potsdam, Part 1, Series of publications: Publications of the Brandenburgisches Landeshauptarchiv Volume 4), ISSN  0435-5946 (p. 89).
  • Christian Carl Gulde: Historical-geographical-statistical description of the rule Cottbus. Lausitzisches Magazin or collection of various treatises and news, 20 (3): 33–36, (4): 49–52, 69–71, 99–102, 133–137, Görlitz 1788 (1787) hereinafter abbreviated to Gulde, description of the Lordship of Cottbus with corresponding page number)
  • Götz Freiherr von Houwald : The Niederlausitz manors and their owners. Volume VII Kottbus District. 278 S., Neustadt an der Aisch 2001, Verlag Degener & Co. ISBN 3-7686-4206-2
  • Gerhard Krüger: The Cottbus rule and its population after the Thirty Years' War. 94 p., Albert Heine, Cottbus 1936
  • Gerhard Krüger: The manors in the Cottbus lordship and their owners. 39 p., Verein für Heimatkunde, Cottbus 1939 (= family history booklets of Niederlausitz, vol. 9).
  • Rudolf Lehmann: The gentlemen in Lower Lusatia. Studies of origin and history. Böhlau, Cologne-Graz 1966 (= Central German Research, Volume 40)
  • Rudolf Lehmann : Sources on the history of Niederlausitz. Mitteldeutsche Forschungen, 68 (1–2): 1–290, Böhlau-Verlag, Köln & Wien, 1972 (abbreviated below, Lehmann, sources on the history of Niederlausitz with corresponding page number).
  • Rudolf Lehmann: Historical local lexicon for Niederlausitz. Volume 2 The districts of Cottbus, Spremberg, Guben and Sorau. Hessisches Landesamt für Geschichtliche Landeskunde, Marburg, 1979 ISBN 3-921254-96-5 (hereinafter abbreviated Lehmann, Historisches Ortslexikon Niederlausitz, 2 with corresponding page number)
  • Karl-Fritz Mühler: The history of the Vorwerk / Guten Brille. Municipality of Teichland, Peitz 2019 PDF
  • Hans Heinrich Müller: Domains and domain tenants in Brandenburg-Prussia in the 18th century. In: Otto Büsch, Wolfgang Neugebauer (ed.): Modern Prussian History 1648–1947: An anthology. , Pp. 316–359, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin & New York, 1981 ISBN 3-11-008714-6 (in the following abbreviated to Müller, Domains and Domain Tenants with the appropriate number of pages).
  • Michael Scholz: sovereign or state? Lower Lusatian lordships in princely possession in the 15th and 16th centuries. In: The Lower and Upper Lusatia Contours of an Integration Landscape, Volume 1: Middle Ages, pp. 270–290, Lukas-Verlag, Berlin 2013 ISBN 978-3-86732-160-0 (hereinafter abbreviated as Scholz, sovereign or state with the corresponding number of pages )
  • Berthold Schulze: Property and settlement history statistics of the Brandenburg authorities and cities 1540-1800. Supplement to the Brandenburg office map. (= Individual writings of the historical commission for the province of Brandenburg and the imperial capital Berlin. Volume 7). In the Kommissionsverlag von Gsellius, Berlin 1935 (abbreviated in the following to Schulze property and settlement history statistics with the corresponding number of pages), p. 47/48.

Source editions

  • Adolph Friedrich Johann Riedel: Codex Diplomaticus Brandenburgensis B. Second main part or collection of documents for the history of foreign affairs, 4th volume. 500 p., Berlin, FH Morin 1847

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ CDB, B 4, certificate MDXXXV (1535), p. 114/5 Online at Google Books
  2. ↑ CDB, B 4, deed MCXLII (= 1142), p. 126 Online at Google Books
  3. ↑ Georg Wilhelm von Raumer: Codex diplomaticus Brandenburgensis continuatus, vol. 1. 315 S., Nicolaische Buchhandlung, Berlin, Stettin and Eibing, 1831 online at Google Books (p. 205)
  4. ↑ Scholz, sovereign or state, p. 277.
  5. ^ A b Siegfried Isaacsohn: History of the Prussian civil servants from the beginning of the 15th century to the present. Volume 1. Officials in the Mark Brandenburg 1415-1604. Berlin, Puttkammer & Mühlbrecht, 1874 Online at Google Books p. 65, footnote.
  6. ↑ Schulze, Property and Settlement History Statistics, pp. 47/48.
  7. ↑ a b Götz Freiherr von Houwald : The Niederlausitzer manors and their owners Volume I District Spremberg. XIV, 273 pp., Degener & Co., Neustadt an der Aisch, 1978, here p. 160.
  8. ^ A b Christian Carl Gulde: Historical-geographical-statistical description of the rule Cottbus. In: Lausitzisches Magazin or collection of various papers and news. Volume 20, No. 3, pp. 33-36, No. 4: pp. 49-52, 69-71, 99-102, 133-137, Görlitz 1787, online at Google Books , here pp. 69, 70.
  9. ↑ a b Brandenburgisches Landeshauptarchiv - Online research: Assignment of the works of Mouse and Lakoma from the Peitz Office in New Mark to the Cottbus Office of the Kurmark. 1774-1800
  10. ↑ Berlinische Nachrichten von Staats- und schehrte Dinge, supplement to the 68th issue of June 8, 1815 online at Google Books
  11. ↑ a b Handbook on the royal Prussian court and state for the year 1798. 444 p., With an appendix, 94 p., Berlin, George Decker, 1798 Online at Google Books (p. 63)
  12. ↑ a b Handbook on the royal Prussian court and state for the year 1832. 538 p., Berlin, Georg Decker, 1832 (p. 253)
  13. ↑ Mühler, Vorwerk Nahrungsmittel, p. 9.
  14. ^ Müller, Domains and Domain Tenants, p. 337.
  15. ↑ Topographical-statistical overview of the government district of Frankfurth ad O. 388 S., Berlin, G. Hayn, 1820 (p. 49).
  16. ↑ Brandenburgisches Landeshauptarchiv - Online research: Heinrich von Pack zu Sommerfeld, margravial Brandenburg captain of Cottbus and Peitz, with the consent of Johann, Margrave of Brandenburg-Küstrin, compares himself with Caspar, Burgrave of Dohna zu Straupitz, after various disputes between the Peitz rule and the farmers at Byhleguhre because of a piece of wood or between the farmers at Schmogrow and those at Byhleguhre because of a piece of field. 1545 September 7
  17. ↑ Brandenburgisches Landeshauptarchiv - Online research: Requests by civil servant Peckoldt from the Peitz office for the clearance of 12 Hufen Heideland near the village of Schönhöhe for clearing and conversion into arable land, the Giesel district council from Peitz for leasing a piece of quarry land, called Wisgarten and Reitercke, for the purpose of reclamation. 1750
  18. ↑ Address calendar of all royal. Prussia. Land and provinces, apart from the residences of Berlin and the Kingdom of Prussia, the high and low colleges, instantzien and expeditions located therein, the same royal. Servants, magistrates, preachers, universities etc. to the year MDCCLXVII (1767) Online at Sächsische Landesbibliothek State and University Library Dresden (p. 59)
  19. ↑ Address calendar of all royal. Prussia. Land and provinces, apart from the residences of Berlin and the Kingdom of Prussia, the high and low colleges, instantzien and expeditions located therein, the same royal. Servants, magistrates, preachers, universities, etc. to the year MDCCLXX (1770) Online at Sächsische Landesbibliothek State and University Library Dresden (p. 97)
  20. ↑ Address calendar, the all royal. Prussia. Land and provinces, apart from the residences of Berlin, the Kingdom of Prussia and the sovereign Duchy of Silesia; of the high and low colleges, instances and expeditions located therein, the same of the royal. Servants, magistrates, universities, preachers, etc. for the year 1775. (p. 96)
  21. ^ Müller, domains and domain tenants, pp. 357/58
  22. ↑ Götz Freiherr von Houwald: The Niederlausitzer manors and their owners. Volume VII Kottbus District. 278 p., Neustadt an der Aisch 2001, Verlag Degener & Co. ISBN 3-7686-4206-2 , here p. 196.
  23. ↑ Handbook on the royal Prussian court and state for the year 1800. 459 p., Plus an appendix with 106 p., Berlin, Georg Decker, 1800 (p. 74)
  24. ↑ Handbook on the royal Prussian court and state for the year 1808. 528 p., With an appendix of 125 p., Berlin, Georg Decker, 1804 Online at Google Books (p. 76)
  25. ^ Royal Saxon Court and State Calendar to the leap year 1812. Weidmannsche Buchhandlung, Leipzig 1812 Online at Google Books
  26. ↑ Handbook on the royal Prussian court and state for the year 1818. 459 p., Berlin, Georg Decker, 1818 (p. 199)
  27. ↑ Handbook on the royal Prussian court and state for the year 1824. 498 p., Berlin, Georg Decker, 1824 Online at Google Books (p. 194)

Coordinates: 51 ° 51 '30.04 "  N , 14 ° 24' 41.46"  O