Astra 1B
| Astra 1B | |
|---|---|
| Start date | March 2, 1991 |
| Launcher | Ariane 44LP |
| Launch site | ELA-2 , Guyana Space Center |
| COSPAR-ID : | 1991-015A |
| Takeoff mass | 2617 kg |
| Manufacturer | Lockheed Martin |
| model | GE 5000 |
| lifespan | 12 years |
| operator | SES Global |
| Playback information | |
| Transponder | 16 Ku-band + 6 backup |
| Transponder performance | 60 watts |
| Bandwidth | 16 × 26 MHz |
| EIRP | 51 dBW |
| Others | |
| Electrical power | 3.4 kW |
| position | |
| First position | 19.2 ° East |
| Actual position | Cemetery orbit |
| List of geostationary satellites | |
Astra 1B is a disused Satellite of SES Astra , based in Betzdorf in Luxembourg . The satellite was used for the transmission of television programs in Europe.
history
Shortly after the launch of Astra 1A , the next satellite was ordered from GE Astro Space - it was to be co-positioned at 19.2 ° East. On March 2, 1991, the satellite, now known as Astra 1B, was launched into space by the Center Spatial Guyanais in French Guiana and positioned next to Astra 1A as planned between March 19 and 25, 1991.
After the first test broadcasts, the satellite was officially put into operation on April 15, 1991 with the activation of the German programs Eins Plus , Tele 5 and Premiere , the Danish and Norwegian TV3 programs and the BSkyB Group's The Movie Channel . Sky Sports followed four days later . The Japanese broadcaster JSTV began broadcasting its programs on May 3, 1991 via Astra 1B. Since May 29, 1991 Eurosport began with its double broadcast via the Astra position, because the station could still be received via Astra 1A. The The Children's Channel changed on September 1, 1991 by 1A to 1B thirteen days later, N3 switched. On October 1, 1991, the British Comedy Channel began its annual presence . The Danish TV3 program changed the transponder on November 29, 1991, so that from October 22, 1992 the first test broadcasts could be carried out on the previously used transponder n-tv . Between January 22, 1992 and August 31, 1992, HVC used the transponder used by Sky Movies Gold from October 1, 1992 . Also FilmNet and MTV Europe began on December 13, 1991 and 10 April 1992 on the day, as well as CNN International began its broadcasts on the Astra, with double emissions. On October 19, 1992 the Sky broadcaster UK Gold took over the transponder previously used by FilmNet. TV Asia shared a transponder with Sky Movies Gold from December 8, 1992 to December 16, 1993, followed by the British Disney Channel on October 1, 1995 . The two Spanish pay-TV transmitter Cinemanía and Documanía are present since the 18th December 1992 Astra 1B. After Tele 5 ceased broadcasting on December 31, 1992, DSF took over the previously used frequency. Since August 27, 1993, the ARD has been broadcasting via the transponder previously used by Eins Plus - on the same day the ZDF went on air via 1C . The double broadcasting of MTV Europe ended on September 30, 1993 with the activation of the British VH1 . JSTV and CMT Europe have shared a transponder since October 1st, 1994 . On July 15 and 31, 1996, the Norwegian and Danish TV3 channels left 1B, so two transponders became free, the latter of which was initially used by the Scandinavian version of Nickelodeon , which was timeshared with the Scandinavian ScFi channel . From the end of November 1997 the German version of Nickelodeon was activated here , which switched from Astra 1C to this place and shared the transponder with the German VH1. The British Sky Sports 3 used the second free transponder . With the discontinuation of the German Nickelodeon program, VH1 initially remained in the evening hours, later Viacom used the transponder to broadcast MTV Germany . Documanía has been broadcasting via 1C since August 1996, and Sportsmanía was activated instead . About a year later, on December 1, 1997, the Canal Satélite channels, which also included Cinemanía and Sportsmanía, switched to digital transmission on Astra 1E . The ORB (today rbb ) used one of these transponders from December 1, 1997, while the other was taken over by Bayerischer Rundfunk for its BR-alpha educational channel on January 7, 1998 .
After Premiere switched from the analogue to the digital form of transmission and the BSkyB group switched to 28.2 ° East from 1998, there was space for the new Tele 5, which recorded its program on April 28, 2002, and for sonnenklar TV , which was broadcast on April 28, 2002 Launched March 1, 2003. Other transponders previously used for analog television were then used for digital pay-TV packages.
Astra 1B has not been active since November 2004. It has been officially shut down since July 14, 2006 and is in cemetery orbit . Its successors are Astra 1E and Astra 1KR .
reception
Like Astra 1A, the satellite could be received in Central Europe without being affected . Reception in Western Europe and in parts of Northern , Southern and Eastern Europe was possible with greater effort .
