Bochingen

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Bochingen
Former municipality coat of arms of Bochingen
Coordinates: 48 ° 17 ′ 59 "  N , 8 ° 37 ′ 0"  E
Height : 588 m
Residents : 1767  (Jun 30, 2008)
Incorporation : 1st January 1975
Postal code : 78727
Area code : 07423

Bochingen is a district of Oberndorf am Neckar in the Rottweil district in Baden-Württemberg with about 1700 inhabitants.

geography

Bochingen lies in the subspace Oberdorfer Gäuplatten the natural area of the Upper Gäue , a altbesiedelten agricultural landscape around the upper Neckar between the natural areas of the Middle Black Forest in the west and the Keuper edge hills of little Heuberg in the East, a subspace of the Southwest Albvorlandes and whose mountain forest rise less than one kilometer begins east of the local border. The place is about three kilometers from the Neckar valley cut in the west, is at an altitude of 590  m above sea level. NHN and is drained by the Brühlbach , which has two branches of the same name that arise a little to the west and a little north of the local border and unite in the southern part of the village; The resulting brook soon runs in a shell limestone valley southwards to the Irslenbach , a right tributary of the Neckar, which drains most of the district .

The place stands on the Lettenkeuper edition ( Erfurt formation ) above the Upper Muschelkalk in the deeper subsurface, in which the valleys of the two mentioned brooks deepen and which is quarried a little below the Brühlbach tributary to the Irslenbach on its right valley slope . On the ascent to the Kleiner Heuberg in the eastern part of the district around the upper Irslenbach, the gypsum keuper ( grave field formation ) of the Mittleren Keuper still deposited over the Lettenkeuper strikes out.

Bochingen is just over three kilometers as the crow flies from the town center of Oberndorf and just under 15 km from the district town of Rottweil in the south. It is crossed by the L 415, which, coming from the center of Oberndorf, reaches it via the next district of Boll immediately to the west and in the east, following the ascent to the Kleiner Heuberg, leads over smaller towns to Rosenfeld . A little after the local border, this state road crosses at the Oberndorf motorway exit with the A 81 at the foot of the mountain . In the local area of ​​the L 415 outgoing district roads lead to Sigmarswangen in the north, Wittershausen in the northeast and indirectly to the residential area Irslenbach von Oberndorf in the southwest.

The older part of the settlement and today's center was a round cluster village . In addition to this, extensive new development areas were created in the west and northwest as well as an industrial area on the eastern edge of the village between the K 5502 and the motorway.

history

Bochingen, Ingeram Codex

Early days

The oldest archaeological finds point to human deposits in the Neolithic (4500–2500 BC).

Bochingen shows traces of Roman settlement since approx. 150 to 250 AD. From the 1990s to 2005, the Roman villa rustica (Bochingen) from this period was archaeologically examined. In addition to doors and windows, roof approaches have also been preserved. Today the area is built over. The villa was on the Roman road from Rottweil to Sulz east of the village, which was still in use in the Middle Ages. Only the work of art “Fallende Mauer” by installation artist Johannes Pfeiffer , erected in 2005, is a reminder today. Individual finds can be seen in the museum in the Schwedenbau in Oberndorf am Neckar .

middle Ages

The village to the east of the road goes back to the name of a settlement from the 5th or 6th century. The place name was formed with a personal name, probably Bucco - as a qualifier. Bachmor connects the name with the mining of rock, the thumping. Here he mainly leads the mining of Bochinger Keupersand for the porcelain factories in Schramberg and Hornberg. The medieval settlement developed around the slightly elevated church and the front yard of the local rule. With the historian Michael Borgolte it can be assumed that Ruthard , who after Walahfrid Strabo was entrusted with the Franconian rule as administrator Alemanniae, promoted the rulership of Alemannia from the west by founding monasteries in Ortenau on the right bank of the Rhine. Schwarzach monastery owned property in Bochingen east of Oberndorf. Bochingen's first documentary mention dates back to 961. Emperor Otto confirms an exchange between the Bishop of Chur and the Schwarzach monastery . The monastery gave the bishop his property in the place Bochingen in the county of Baar ( in comitatu Bara in loco Bochinga) . The Bochingen local aristocrats were therefore presumably initially Churian ministerials . The manorial rights in the place seem to have largely passed to the local nobility ministerials in the High Middle Ages. Through donations and sales, goods came not only into the possession of the Alpirsbach and St. Blasien monasteries, but also to citizens of Oberndorf. In the High Middle Ages Bochingen was mentioned in connection with the St. Blasien monastery . In the Liber constructionis monasterii ad St. Blasium you can read about Lutholdus presbyter de Bochingen , who retired to the monastery. The first reliable evidence of a local nobility was only available towards the end of the 11th century in connection with the founding of the St. Georgen and Alpirsbach monasteries . The Oberndorf women's monastery and the hermitage there as well as the hermitage in the village itself came into possession during the late Middle Ages.

Apparently the local nobles were sitting on the moat-surrounded castle mentioned in the description of the upper office, which stood in the southern part of the village. According to Bachmor, the so-called castle farm was built in their place . The family was a member of the Leitbracken Society, an aristocratic society that stipulated rules for internal peacekeeping in its statutes.

Since the 14th century the place shared the fate of the other villages belonging to the Oberndorf rule. In 1363 he is mentioned for the first time as part of the Oberndorf rule. As early as the middle of the 14th century, a branch of the Bochingen family settled in Rottenburg , which is what the so-called Bochinger Schlösschen (Tübinger Str. 6) commemorates. Bochingen ceded local rule to the Dukes of Teck early on , was sold to Hohenberg in 1374 and from there to Austria in 1381. Formally, the sovereignty remained with Austria until 1805. Bochingen has been in the hands of the Counts of Sulz since 1384 , after the ostracism of Frederick of Austria in 1416, in the hands of the Counts of Württemberg and in 1462 until the death of the last room in 1594 in their possession. Only then did it revert to Austria.

The civil parish under Vogt and Richter is first mentioned in documents in 1415.

In the first half of the 17th century, eight citizens of Bochingen lost their lives in Oberndorf witch trials.

In the years 1610-1612 a third of Bochingen's inhabitants died of plague and leafiness. An equally high number of victims came in 1835, when half of the population died. In 1693, just as many Bochingers died during requisitions due to the war.

The time from 1709 to 1712 went down in the history of the place as years of dearth and hunger. A total hailstorm in 1822 moved the community to undertake a solemn procession to the Augustinian monastery in Oberndorf and, after its abolition, to the Wolfgang chapel. Another hailstorm did not occur until 1785.

Modern times

Bochingen came from the Austrian Obervogteiamt Oberndorf to Württemberg in 1805, to the Oberamt Rottweil in 1807, again to the Oberamt Oberndorf in 1810 and in 1938 to the Rottweil district.

The only public building in the 19th century was a school building. In 1808, with the help of church maintenance, the community had a new building built opposite the church, which was significantly expanded in 1851. In 1826 a large farmhouse was bought and converted into a town hall with a barn and a shed for fire extinguishers. A wash house was also built. In 1839 the community bought a house and turned it into a poor house. In 1841 a bakery was built. Today the Backhausgasse reminds of it. Finally, in 1850, he acquired the stately tithe barn. In 1895 the town hall was moved to the school building. After the old town hall was sold, the farren stable had to be moved to the tithe barn behind it. The last construction project is the sheep house, built in 1920 near Trichtinger Straße.

On January 1, 1975, the previously independent municipality of Bochingen was merged with the town of Oberndorf am Neckar and the communities of Altoberndorf, Beffendorf, Boll and Hochmössingen to form the new town of Oberndorf am Neckar. Aistaig joined them the same day.

Bochingen was the seat of a Dominican hermitage. It can be proven for the first time in 1359. The last mention dates from 1492. The community was subordinate to the Dominicans in Rottweil. After its dissolution in 1492, the assets of the hermitage went to the so-called factory property of the parish of Bochingen, together with the inhabited house . The building of the hermitage, which was demolished in 1778, stood by the church tower and until then served as a schoolhouse.

coat of arms

The former local arms of Bochingen shows in silver a red tray (by the Württemberg nobility and crests of Alberti "a red St. Andrew's cross").

Attractions

Catholic Church of St. Mauritius

St. Mauritius

The St. Mauritius consecrated church is located in the middle of the village on an elevated point. It is not a uniform building structure, but combines late Gothic (tower and choir) and arched style (nave). The simple nave, built by Friedrich Bernhard Adam Groß († as Oberbaurath) in 1811/12, is joined by an old tower towards the east and a polygonal choir niche with strong buttresses - both late Gothic. The tower has four floors, on the top floor filled sound windows and a pointed four-sided tent roof. The choir has a remarkable net vault . The ceiling of the ship is flat, the triumphal arch pointed; only the tower with the choir remains of the late Gothic church building.

Chapel of St. Wolfgang

The St. Wolfgang Chapel in Kapellenstrasse is older than the year on the lintel. It used to be in the Trichtinger Tal and the number 1728 above the lintel probably indicates the year it was transferred to the current location. The Ösch on which the chapel stood is still called St. Wolfgang today and is a community field in the Trichtingen district of Epfendorf . As a result of a long-term process between the communities of Trichtingen and Bochingen, the Trichtingen chapel was awarded. The former property fell victim to the construction of the motorway. At the time of the pastor Franz Sales Dreher (1887–1897) - because of a vow made by the congregation to avert hail in 1722 - on the day of St. Markus, in the week of prayer and on Antoniustag, petitions to the Augustinian monastery in Oberndorf and after its lifting to the chapel take place. Since 1853, every year on the name day of St. Wolfgang read a mass in the chapel. Until 1893, the St. Wolfgang Chapel was probably the property of the bourgeois community, today it is owned by the parish. The writer and poet Egon Rieble described the panel painting “The walk to Emmaus” in the chapel as a gem. Originally the portrait was part of the chapel stalls. According to his style, the picture was probably created with the construction of the second chapel. The chapel is not freely accessible.

From 2011 to 2013 the outside of the chapel was restored. Since 1971 it has been entered in the monument book of the state of Baden-Württemberg.

Oberndorf district Boll Steigstraße - pastor Bachmor accident site

Memorial stone pastor Johannes Baptist Bachmor (1816–1886)

A memorial stone erected in 1888 stands on the L 415 near Boll on Steigstrasse. It is reminiscent of Pastor Johannes B. Bachmor, who was run over by a mill cart on December 15, 1886 and died a few days later. Before its restoration in 1985 - according to Pastor Franz Sales Dreher - the memorial stone had a longer inscription in Latin: “Sta viator et memento JB Bachmor rev. quondam parochi Bochingensis, qui hic loci the XV. mensis Decembris anno p. Ch. N. MDCCCLXXXVI per tenebras et tempestatem nocturni iam temporis plaustri rotis oppressus triduo post LXXI annos natus decessit. R. i. P. Stand still, O wanderer, and remember Mr. JB Bachmor, pastor of Bochingen, who died here on the dark and stormy evening of December 15, 1886, crushed by the wheels of a truck, three days later at the age of 71. May he rest in peace! "

Pastor Bachmor's tombstone is in the Bochingen cemetery.

Pastor Bachmor took over the parish on April 19, 1850 as administrator and on June 17, 1853 as permanent pastor. Born on Jan. 19, 1816 in Langenargen, he passed his Abitur in Stuttgart in 1837 and studied theology at the Wilhelmsstift Tübingen before entering the seminary in 1841. On August 29, 1842 he received from Bishop Johann Baptist v. Keller was ordained a priest, came as vicar to Oberteuringen OA Tettnang and as parish administrator in the parishes of Wuchzenhofen near Leutkirch, Tannau and finally Bochingen.

When he took office, he had to promise to reinstall the old Gothic choir of the local church and to open the service so that the congregation "would not have a Protestant prayer room, but a Catholic church".

Pastor Bachmor made a contribution to the history of the parish by writing the parish chronicle of Bochingen.

Regular events

  • Swabian-Alemannic carnival
  • Beer garden festival at the sheepfold. The festival, created in 2013, is a ten-day event in August every year with a varied music program, food and drinks. It is supported by citizens and associations; The organizer is the Bochingen local authority.

tourism

Bochingen lies between the Jakobswegen Schwarzwald-Alb: the Neckar-Baar-Jakobsweg from Horb to Schaffhausen and the Kirchberg pilgrim path from Horb to Rottweil east of the Neckar.

Economy and Infrastructure

East of Bochendorf, the company Gebrüder Bantle GmbH & Co. KG, based in Bösingen, quarries gypsum for the cement and plasterboard industry in the opencast mine. The Vogelloch is also the location of a Hagebau market. There is a commercial area at the Römerhof.

Personalities

  • Pastor Johann B. Bachmor (born Jan. 19, 1816 Langenargen, † Dec. 18, 1886), author of the parish chronicle of Bochingen (2nd vol.)
  • Pastor Franz Sales Dreher (* Aug. 14, 1852)
  • Fritz von Heim (1873-1931), honorary citizen of the Bochingen community, hotelier Württemberger Hof in Nuremberg, founder of a Bochingen children's festival

Audiovisual material

  • Citizens for Bochingen e. V. (Hrsg.): Bochingen yesterday & today, Göttingen 2016 (DVD) (sources, pictures, videos)

literature

  • F [ranz] S [ales] Dreher: History of the parish and community of Bochingen . Stuttgart 1897.
  • Egon Rieble: Seeing and discovering in the Rottweil district . Stuttgart 1980, p. 174 f .
  • Church choir Bochingen (ed.): Festschrift 150 years of the church choir “St. Mauritius “Bochingen . Bochingen.
  • History of the city of Oberndorf a. N. Band 1 . Oberndorf 1982, p. 441-449 .
  • Wolfgang Zimmermann, Nicole Priesching: Württemberg monastery book. Monasteries, monasteries and religious orders from the beginning to the present . Thorbecke, Ulm 2003, ISBN 3-7995-0220-3 , p. 196 f .
  • State Archives Directorate Baden-Württemberg. The district of Rottweil (ed.): The district of Rottweil . 2nd Edition. tape 2 . Ulm 2004, p. 30-33 .
  • City of Oberndorf a. N., local administration Bochingen (ed.): 100 years "Krone" in Oberndorf-Bochingen. On the 100th anniversary of the construction of the crown building . Oberndorf-Bochingen 2009.

Web links

Wikisource: Bochingen  - sources and full texts

Remarks

  1. ↑ In 1875 the parish had a copy of the description of the place and the chronicle made by Pastor Bachmor.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Friedrich Huttenlocher : Geographical Land Survey: The natural space units on sheet 178 Sigmaringen. Federal Institute for Regional Studies, Bad Godesberg 1959. →  Online map (PDF; 4.3 MB)
  2. ↑ Geology according to the layers for Geological Map 1: 50,000 on: Map server of the State Office for Geology, Raw Materials and Mining (LGRB) ( notes )
  3. ↑ Bochingen - Altgemeinde ~ Teilort - detail page - LEO-BW. In: leo-bw.de. Retrieved July 8, 2020 .
  4. ↑ Michael Borgolte: The monarchy on the upper Neckar . In: Franz Quarthal (Ed.): Between the Black Forest and the Swabian Alb. The land on the upper Neckar . Jan Thorbecke, Sigmaringen 1984, p. 92-96 .
  5. ↑ Wirtemberg document book . Volume I, No. 185. Stuttgart 1849, pp. 215-216 ( digitized , online edition )
  6. ^ Franz Joseph Mone (ed.): Sources collection of the Baden regional history . tape 4 . Karlsruhe 1887, p. 93 .
  7. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 515 f .
  8. ^ Rudolf Reinhardt: Churches and monasteries on the upper Neckar, in: Between Black Forest and Swabian Alb. The land on the upper Neckar . Ed .: Franz Quarthal. Sigmaringen 1984, ISBN 3-7995-4034-2 , p. 372 .
  9. ↑ Black Forest Messenger . Retrieved July 11, 2020.
  10. ↑ Gebrüder Bantle GmbH & Co. KG. In: company website. Gebrüder Bantle GmbH & Co. KG, 2014, accessed on July 11, 2020 .
  11. ↑ Open Street Map. In: www.openstreetmap. Open Street Map Foundation, accessed July 11, 2020 .
  12. ↑ A. Kussmann high holder: Oberndorf a. Neckar. A heart for Bochingen. In: schwarzwaelder-bote.de. Schwarzwälder Bote Mediengesellschaft mbH, February 13, 2013, accessed on July 7, 2020 .