Bronowice (Trzebiel)

Bronowice
Help on coat of arms	Bronowice
Basic data
State :	Poland
Voivodeship :	Lebus
Powiat :	Żary
Gmina :	Trzebiel
Geographic location :	51 ° 34 '  N , 14 ° 45'  E Coordinates: 51 ° 33 '45 "  N , 14 ° 45' 25"  E
Residents :	367 (March 31, 2011)
Telephone code :	(+48) 68
License plate :	FZA
Economy and Transport
Street :	Droga krajowa 12
	Droga wojewódzka 350
Next international airport :	Poznań
	Dresden

Bronowice (German Braunsdorf , Sorbian Brunojcy ) is a village in the municipality of Trzebiel (Triebel) , Powiat Żarski , Poland .

geography

Map section with Braunsdorf.
Green: Lordship of Sorau ( Lower Lusatia ), yellow: Standesherrschaft Muskau ( Upper Lusatia ), red: Priebussischer Kreis of the Principality of Sagan ( Silesia ).

The village is located in the southwest of the municipality, east of Bad Muskau and north of Łęknica (Lugknitz) on the northeastern edge of the Muskauer Pückler Park .

Bronowice is in the form of a street village at the intersection of Droga krajowa 12 and Droga wojewódzka 350 .

From a historical point of view, the village belongs to Upper Lusatia . It was right on the border with the (Lower) Silesian Principality of Sagan .

history

Local history

Bronowice belongs to the Sorbian old settlement area around Muskau. It is assumed that the village belonged to the Triebel lordship due to its location to the right of the Lusatian Neisse before it belonged to Muskau. Documentary evidence of membership in Muskau is available from September 9, 1366, when Duke Bolko II von Schweidnitz-Jauer, as the pledgee responsible, confirmed that Heinrich von Kittlitz, in his function as lord of Muskau, had the villages of Skerbersdorf , Sagar and Braunsdorf his mother has prescribed as personal belongings. Belonging to the Muskau rulership and the Muskau parish shaped the village for the next six centuries, which was not to end until 1945 with the dissolution of the class rule and the displacement of Poland to the west. The Vorwerke in Berg and Braunsdorf are then also whose existence and lordship from 1552 to 1945 are documented in land registers , while other Vorwerke were added later or were closed before 1945.

During the Thirty Years' War , the location of the village on the Niedere Landesstrasse , which led from Leipzig via Spremberg , Muskau and Sorau to Warsaw, had a devastating effect .

A school was founded by Count Johann Alexander von Callenberg in 1770, and the neighboring village of Köbeln also belonged to the community . Since there was no money, the construction of the school was delayed until 1775.

On April 6, 1781, in the afternoon, due to negligence, a fire broke out in a farmer, which fell to six farms and the farm with all farm buildings. The manorial Vorwerk alone recorded a loss of 200 bushels of grain, 200 sheep, 100 lambs, 15 cattle and other goods. In order to secure the profitability of the rulership, Count Hermann von Callenberg provided financial means for a rapid reconstruction and granted the farmers concerned grants and credits for the replacement of dead and living inventory.

An octagonal pavilion clad with pine cones, which Count Sister had built as a pleasure house on a hill near Braunsdorf in 1773, was also renovated in 1781. The beautiful scenic view that emerged from the tap house ensured that it was a popular place to stay for the count's family.

On May 1, 1815, Hermann von Pückler-Muskau announced that he was planning to buy 2,000 acres of land to design a park between Köbeln, Braunsdorf and Berg. As a result, the village of Köbeln was to be moved from the right to the left bank of the Neisse.

In his studies of the Sorbian population structure, Arnošt Muka assigned Braunsdorf as one of the few villages east of the Neisse to the central Sorbian language area in the 1880s . The Muskau dialect was spoken here by the Sorbian population . According to Muka, only the middle part of the population understood German well at that time, while the elderly and children understood little or no German.

The neighboring community of Neu Tschöpeln was given a train station when the Muskau – Sommerfeld railway was built in 1898. On April 1, 1938, Braunsdorf was incorporated into Neu Tschöpeln.

Braunsdorf has been a Polish village with the new name Bronowice since the end of World War II. On June 28, 1946 Bronowice was incorporated with other places in the municipality of Niwica . Administratively it was in the Żary district in the newly created Wroclaw Voivodeship , since 1950 in the Grünberg Voivodeship .

After the reintroduction of the municipalities ( Gmina ) in 1972, which were replaced by Haufen ( Gromada ) in 1954 , Bronowice belonged again as Schulzenamt ( Sołectwo ) to the municipality of Niwica, which in January 1976 was divided between the municipalities of Przewóz and Trzebiel . Bronowice has belonged to the latter since then. During the Polish administrative reforms, the respective municipalities were assigned to the changed Grünberg Voivodeship in 1975 and the newly created Lebus Voivodeship in 1999 .

Population development

From the Thirty Years' War (1618-1648) it is transmitted that six of the 14 farms in the village between 1630 and 1647 were devastated. 1708, well over half a century later, there were 16 farms and ten cottagers . Three quarters of a century later the population had fallen slightly, but rose again by 1810, so that 18 farmers , two gardeners and ten cottagers were recorded.

For the year 1782 174 inhabitants were also named. Towards the end of the 19th century, the village was mainly Sorbian. According to Mukas statistics from 1884, 357 Sorbs and 21 Germans lived in the village, which corresponds to a Sorbian population of 94.4%. This only changed when people moved in, which was triggered by increasing industrialization. In 1910 the population had almost doubled to 708. Population growth was hampered by the First World War, so that in 1925, with 722 inhabitants, an increase of just two percent was recorded.

After the Second World War, the German and Sorbian population had to leave the village.

literature

• Hermann Graf von Arnim , Willi A. Boelcke : Muskau. Jurisdiction between the Spree and the Neisse . 2nd Edition. Ullstein, Berlin et al. 1978, ISBN 3-550-07377-1 .
• Robert Pohl : Heimatbuch des Kreis Rothenburg O.-L. for school and home . Buchdruckerei Emil Hampel, Weißwasser O.-L. 1924, p. 165 .

Individual evidence

1. ^ CIS 2011: Ludność w miejscowościach statystycznych według ekonomicznych grup wieku (Polish), March 31, 2011, accessed on May 28, 2017
2. ↑ Arnost Muka: Pućowanja po Serbach. Nakład Domowiny, Budyšin 1957, p. 58f.
3. ↑ Ernst Tschernik : The development of the Sorbian rural population . Ed .: German Academy of Sciences in Berlin (=  publications of the Institute for Slavic Studies . Volume 4 ). Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1954, p. 123 .