Charles Édouard Guillaume
Charles Édouard Guillaume (born February 15, 1861 in Fleurier , NE , † June 13, 1938 in Sèvres ) was a French - Swiss physicist and Nobel Prize winner .
life and work
Guillaume's grandfather had fled France to London for political reasons. There he opened a watchmaking business, which was continued by his three sons, including Charles' father Édouard.
Charles Guillaume was born in western Switzerland and also graduated from his schools there. Then he studied and did his doctorate at the ETH Zurich . He was a member of the Zofingia . After a short time with the Swiss infantry, he accepted a position at the International Bureau of Weights and Measures in Paris . He remained connected to the institution until the end of his life, most recently as honorary director. Among other things, he was busy there on the work for the original meter .
From 1896 he developed the Invar and the Elinvar alloys. His work, particularly on the expansion of steel-nickel compounds, led to decisive improvements in thermostats , astronomical clocks and precision clocks .
The universities in Geneva, Neuchatel and Paris each awarded him an honorary doctorate . He was president of the Société française de physique and a member, honorary member or corresponding member of more than a dozen scientific societies in Europe. In 1920 he received the Nobel Prize in Physics as "recognition of his services in the field of precision measurement in physics and for his discovery of the peculiarities of the steel / nickel connection" .
In 1979 the lunar crater Guillaume was named after him.
literature
- Hans F. Tölke: Nickel steel. Charles-Edouard Guillaume died 50 years ago. In: Old clocks. No. 2, 1989, pp. 59-62.
Web links
- Information from the Nobel Foundation on the award ceremony in 1920 to Charles Édouard Guillaume
Individual evidence
- ^ Documents submitted to Les Prix Nobel
- ↑ Charles Édouard Guillaume in the Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature of the IAU (WGPSN) / USGS
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Guillaume, Charles Édouard |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Swiss physicist, Nobel Prize in Physics 1920 |
| DATE OF BIRTH | February 15, 1861 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Fleurier , NE |
| DATE OF DEATH | June 13, 1938 |
| Place of death | Sèvres |