Cuyk

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Coat of arms of the Lords of Cuyk and Grave

Cuyk also Cuijk or Kuik is the name of an extinct Dutch dynasty . They initially called themselves after their allodial possession in Geldermalsen van Malsen and then named themselves after this possession after taking over the imperial rule, barony or country Cuyk . They appear in the sources mostly as barons, sometimes as counts. The sex was influential between the 12th and 14th centuries. Members of the family could be found in the vicinity of some emperors and were in conflict with the Counts of Holland . Two bishops and other important clergy came from the family as a family of the nobility . Their influence was based on their allodial possessions, fiefdoms, the assumption of important offices and the cohesion of the family. By marriage in 1132 the county of Arnsberg in southern Westphalia came to the family. From then on, the Cuyk-Arnsberg branch ruled there. Due to the strength of the Dukes of Brabant in particular , the Dutch branch of the family lost its importance and had to take the property as a fief .

possession

The lords of Cuyk had extensive allodial property in the area between Lek and Waal , concentrated on the Linge river . Parts of it were later lost. The goods that the Counts of Bentheim owned in the 12th century near Malsen and elsewhere came from the Cuyks via the Counts of Arnsberg.

The county or dominion of Cuyk , the town of Grave , which later became the Herpen estate and the dominion of Ravenstein were on the Maas between Nijmegen and 's-Hertogenbosch . The Boxtel estate was south of 's-Hertogenbosch.

The Cuyk rule, later referred to as the barony, is described as fertile for the cultivation of grain with the exception of wheat. There were good pastures on the Meuse. But part of the land was heather or swampy peatland. In the 18th century, the rule was divided into a lower office with six courts and a total of seventeen villages and an upper office also with six courts and seventeen villages.

history

Map of the dominions of Cuyk and Ravenstein in the 17th century

Early history

The early history of the sex is scarce. The thesis that it descends from the Ezzone is unproven. The origin of Hermann (I.) van Malsen († 1065, 1080 or later) is therefore not entirely clear. He married Irmgard von Namur's first marriage and Ida von Boulogne's second marriage. If so, the family would have been related to both the Dukes of Lorraine and Brabant . The land of Cuyk could have been given to the family of Henry IV . Hermann waged war against Count Florence I of Holland . The latter was killed in a battle.

Heinrich and his brothers

Hermann was followed by his son Heinrich (Hendrik) I. He was married to Alveradis von Hochstaden . As early as 1129 she founded the Marienweerd monastery with her sons Gottfried and Hermann . This was the mother monastery of the Wedinghausen Monastery , which was founded by Heinrich I von Arnsberg from the Westphalian branch of the family. It is possible that Gottfried was also involved in founding Clarholz Abbey in 1133 .

Andreas's son of the "graven van Cucks ... Hermeri" (1127-1139) Bishop of Utrecht also belongs to Hermann's generation . The bishop election he had in particular the later Emperor Lothar III. to thank, who wanted to bind the family more closely. The influence of Norbert von Xanten may also have played a role in the appointment of Andreas, who was considered a supporter of church reform. Another son was Gottfried († after 1135). This was provost in Xanten , therefore mostly referred to as Gottfried von Xanten . He was also provost of St. Severin in Cologne. In 1131 he was elected Archbishop of Cologne, but was probably under pressure from King Lothar III. replaced by Bruno II von Berg.

Hermann II and Gottfried

Of the sons of Heinrich, Hermann (II.) Von Malsen continued the series of Counts of Cuyk. His brother Gottfried (1124-1167) married the heiress Ida of the County of Arnsberg and was the founder of the younger line of the County of Arnsberg. The Counts of Rietberg later emerged from the marriage. Together with his brother Hermann, he served Emperor Lothar on various occasions as a witness. Florence the Black , son of Florens II of Holland and nephew of Emperor Lothar, had attacked the Cuyks and Bishop Andreas von Cuyk in the dispute over the hand and inheritance of the Heilwiwa von Rhoon despite an imperial peace commandment and was probably killed in the course of the feud in 1132. The emperor then outlawed the Cuyks temporarily in 1136, confiscated their land and also punished the bishop.

After Lothar's death, Hermann stayed in Cologne for a time, around 1139 or at the court day in 1142, in the vicinity of the Roman-German King Konrad III. on. He was also present at the Reichstag in Bamberg in 1144. He was awarded the municipal county of Utrecht. Like his brother, after the death of Lothar, Gottfried was in the favor of Konrad III, who allowed him to build a castle. Together with his brother Hermann he took part in the state parliament in Utrecht in 1145. Both served as witnesses for the royal documents. So they testified to the immunity privilege for the monastery Werden . They were also present during the stay of Konrad III. at Christmas 1145 in Aachen. There they were also present during the king's visit the following year. In 1147 the brothers attended the coronation of the king's son Heinrich . Also at the Hoftag 1151 in Cologne they will be in the vicinity of Konrad III. called. A grandson of Hermann and Heinrich's son was Arnold von Cuyck, who sold the burgraviate of Utrecht to the local bishop in 1220.

Heinrich II. And Bishop Albert

Heinrich II is named as a witness in the Gelnhausen certificate

Hermann II's successor was Heinrich II († 1204). He married Sophie, Herpen's heir. In 1192 he sold his allodial property Erx and took it as a fief as well as the income from other property from Brabant. Of the importance of the house in this time when talks that Henry was 1180 witnessed Frederick I on the court day to Gelnhausen Henry the Lion , the duchies of Bavaria and Westphalia-Engern withdrew. He was also next to Heinrich von Brabant the only secular lord besides various bishops and abbots, who in 1188 Innocent III. indicated the election of Otto IV . He joined the Third Crusade in 1189 and is sometimes even counted among its leaders. In 1200 he was captured by the Count of Holland during a feud.

Another son of Hermann II was Albert (1194-1200) Bishop of Liège . This came into office only after difficult disputes. Apparently in contrast to his relatives, he supported Philip of Swabia in the controversy for the throne . During his time, the city of Liège expanded and the first civil privileges were granted. After the death of Albert († 1233), successor to Heinrich II, various lines were formed.

Johann I.

Henry III. continued the Cuyk line. His son Johann I (Jan) was married to Johanna heiress von Gimnich and mistress von Hogstraten. As a result, Hogstraten came into the family's possession. His second marriage was to Jutta von Nassau. He fought in the Battle of Worringen in 1288. He was described as a hero and one of the most beautiful knights.

Johann von Brabant at the Battle of Worringen. Johann von Cuyk was also in his wake

King Albrecht made him one of the arbitrators in the dispute between the Archbishop of Cologne and the Count of the Mark in the dispute over the rights to pledged royal property, including the county of Dortmund . He fought, among other things, as an ally of the Münster bishop Otto III. von Rietberg and the Count of the Mark against Archbishop Wigbold von Holte of Cologne. In 1294 Johann I was one of the agents of Adolf von Nassau in his alliance negotiations with Edward I of England. Adolf described it as an “ affine nostrum. “He was probably accused of having been responsible for the death of Florens V of Holland in 1296 in alliance with King Edward . Some recent research suggests that it was actually the head of the conspiracy.

Otto von Cuyk

After the death of Emperor Heinrich VII , Otto von Cuyk supported the applicant for the throne Johann von Böhmen and thus stood in opposition to the Cologne elector Heinrich II of Virneburg . The aversion to the powerful archbishop played just as much a role as the payment of money by the Luxembourger. Even later he remained on the side of the archbishop's opponents and supported Ludwig IV. He transformed his allod property in Grave and the associated rule in 1321/1323 into a Brabant fief. He kept the Cuyk rule as an imperial immediate area. In 1338 he was present at the big court day in Koblenz. As the representative of the Duke of Brabant, he held a bare sword standing behind Emperor Ludwig as a sign of jurisdiction.

Last representative of the line

His brother Johann II von Hochstraten became dynast of Cuyk after Otto's death in 1354 and was enfeoffed with grave by Brabant. After the death of Johann II († 1352) it was divided into Hogstraten and Cuyk. Hogstraten was sold in 1437. Johann III. had to take Cuyk of Brabant as a fief. Johann IV died shortly after his father. Then ownership passed to Wennemar. He was able to claim ownership against his nephew Johann von Hogstraten. Wennemar was a follower of Brabant, while his son Johann, who had married a daughter of Wilhelm von Geldern , stood on his side. In a feud he even captured his own father and handed him over to the Duke of Geldern for imprisonment . Already in 1400 the Cuyk property was ceded in exchange for money. Overall, the line became extinct after 1492.

Secondary lines

The first representative of the Herpen line was Rainer, who married the heiress of Boxtel. Herpen's heir Marie von Cuyk marries Count Johann von Valkenburg. As a result, the property passed to the von Valkenburg family.

The first representative of the Leiden line was Dietrich, who married Christina, the heir to the Burgraviate of Leiden. The descendant Burgrave Heinrich died in 1319. The heiress Berta von Cuyk married Dietrich II von Wassenaer.

Further development of the Cuyk reign

The area came to Duke Charles the Bold of Burgundy in 1472 and then to Habsburg through his daughter Maria. Philip II enfeoffed William I of Orange with her in 1559. Later it came to the respective inheritance holder of the united Netherlands from the House of Orange. The respective owner had to swear loyalty to the Brabant council. In the 18th century the income was a considerable 80,000 guilders per year.

family members

  • Albrecht II of Cuyk (* around 1134; † 1200), from 1195 to 1200 Bishop of Liège
  • Andreas von Cuyk († June 23, 1139) was bishop of Utrecht from 1128 to 1139.
  • Gottfried von Xanten († after 1135) was provost of both St. Severin in Cologne and of St. Viktorstift in Xanten as well as elected but not confirmed Archbishop of Cologne
  • Gottfried von Cuyk († around 1154) was Burgrave of Utrecht and since 1132 Count of Werl-Arnsberg

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ It is not clear whether and what connection there is with the later Barons of Malsen , who came from the same place . L. von Zedlitz-Neukirch: New Prussian Nobility Lexicon. Vol. 3 Leipzig, 1837 p. 341
  2. ↑ Julius Ficker : From the imperial prince status. Vol. 1, Innsbruck, 1861 p. 92
  3. ↑ BJP van Bavel: Goederenverwerving en goederenbeheer van de Weerd abdij Marie (1129-1592). Hilversum, 1993 p. 113
  4. ↑ BJP van Bavel: Goederenverwerving en goederenbeheer van de Weerd abdij Marie (1129-1592). Hilversum, 1993 p. 113
  5. ^ D. Anton Friedrich Büsching: Earth description. Part 10. Hamburg, 1792 p. 201ff.
  6. ↑ a b c d Entry in the FMG project
  7. ↑ private page on the Dutch territories
  8. ^ Wilhelm Kohl: The dioceses of the ecclesiastical province of Cologne. The diocese of Münster 7.3: The diocese. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 2003 ( Germania sacra new series: Historical-statistical description of the Church of the Old Kingdom, vol. 37.3) ISBN 978-3-11-017592-9 p. 98
  9. ^ Heinz Stoob : Westphalia and Lower Lorraine in politics Lothar III. In: Tradition as a historical force. Interdisciplinary research on the history of the early Middle Ages. Berlin u. a., 1982. p. 367
  10. ^ Paul Leidinger: The Counts of Werl and Werl-Arnsberg (approx. 980-1124): Genealogy and aspects of their political history in the Ottonian and Salian times, In: Harm Klueting (ed.): The Duchy of Westphalia, Volume I, The Kurkölniche Duchy of Westphalia from the beginnings of Cologne rule in southern Westphalia to secularization in 1803. Münster 2009 p. 169
  11. ↑ Lothar III. (RI IV, 1, 1) n.290 1131 December 25 - 1132 January 9 Cologne RI-Online
  12. ↑ for example: Lothar III. (RI IV, 1, 1) n. 184 1129 March 8 Duisburg RI-Online  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.regesta-imperii.de  
  13. ↑ Lothar III. (RI IV, 1, 1) n.472 1136 March 22 Aachen RI-Online
  14. ↑ Lothar III. (RI IV, 1, 1) n. 381 1133 December 25 - 1134 January 1 Cologne RI online  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.regesta-imperii.de  
  15. ↑ Lothar III. (RI IV, 1, 1) n.376 1133 (after October 26) RI-Online
  16. ^ Heinz Stoob: Westphalia and Lower Lorraine in politics Lothar III. In: Tradition as a historical force. Interdisciplinary research on the history of the early Middle Ages. Berlin u. a., 1982.
  17. ↑ cf. Michael Gosmann: The Counts of Arnsberg and their county. In: Harm Klueting (Ed.): The Duchy of Westphalia. Vol. 1: The Cologne Duchy of Westphalia from the beginnings of Cologne rule in southern Westphalia to secularization in 1803. Münster, 2009 ISBN 978-3-402-12827-5
  18. ^ Wilhelm Bernhardi : Konrad III. Part 1. Leipzig, 1883 p. 102, p. 372
  19. ↑ Michael Buhlmann: The Werden monastery, Friedrich Barbarossa and the Alexandrian papal schism online version (PDF; 265 kB)
  20. ^ Wilhelm Bernhardi: Konrad III. Part 1. Leipzig, 1883 p. 103, p. 433f., P. 558
  21. ^ Heinrich Leo : The territories of the German Empire in the Middle Ages since the 13th century, Vol. 1 Halle, 1865 p. 950
  22. ↑ Friedrich I. (RI IV, 2) n. 2541 1180 April Gelnhausen RI online
  23. ^ Theodor Lindner : The German elections for kings and the emergence of the electorate. 1893 p. 97f.
  24. ^ Robert Lee Wolff / Harry W. Hazard (Ed.): A history of the crusades. Vol.II. University of Wisconsin Press, 2005 p. 92
  25. ^ Chr. Von Stramberg: The Rheingau. Vol. 4 Koblenz, 1865 p. 345
  26. ↑ a b Chr. Von Stramberg: The Rheingau. Vol. 4 Koblenz, 1865 p. 339
  27. ↑ Otto Franklin : The Imperial Court in the Middle Ages. Vol. 1 Weimar, 1867 p. 186
  28. ^ Wilhelm Kohl: The dioceses of the ecclesiastical province of Cologne. The diocese of Münster 7.1: The diocese. Berlin u. a., 1999 (Germania sacra NF. Vol. 37,1) p. 142
  29. ^ Jan Willem Verkaik: De moord op graaf Floris V. Hilversum, 1996
  30. ^ Karl Kunze: The political position of the Lower Rhine princes in the years 1314 to 1334. Göttingen, 1886 p. 5, p. 9
  31. ↑ Michael Menzel (ed.): Regesten Kaiser Ludwig of Bavaria. Issue 8. Weimar, Vienna, 2008. No. 90 March 4, 1324
  32. ↑ Al. Dominicus: Baldewin von Lützelburg. Archbishop and Elector of Trier. Koblenz, 1862 p. 370
  33. ↑ to this from a more recent point of view: Werner Paracivini : The sword in the crown. In: Franz J. Felten (Ed.): Institution und Charisma. Cologne u. a., 2009 p. 295f.
  34. ^ D. Anton Friedrich Büsching: Earth description. Part 10. Hamburg, 1792 p. 202

literature

  • H. Grote: Family Tables . Leipzig, 1877 p. 279
  • Heinrich Leo: Twelve Books of Dutch Stories . Part 1. Halle, 1832 BC a. Pp. 620, 917

Web links