France demographics

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Population pyramid 2017

The demographics of France is from the National Institute of Statistics and Economic monitored (INSEE). As of January 1, 2018, there were 67,186,638 people in France, including all five overseas departments (2,141,000 inhabitants) but excluding the overseas areas and territories (604,000 inhabitants). 65,017,000 of them lived in metropolitan France, the European mainland. This is known as France métropolitaine and is considered the actual heartland, while the overseas territories are a legacy of colonialism . France ranks 21st in the world in the ranking of the most populous countries and was ranked third among the most populous countries in Europe behind Russia , Germany and slightly ahead of the United Kingdom . Historically, France has long been the most populous country in Europe. Due to the country's high level of development, the demographic transition, which in advanced stages leads to a decline in population growth, began early in France. Therefore, at the beginning of the twentieth century, other European countries such as Germany and Russia caught up with France. With the baby boom after World War II , France finally experienced a significant acceleration in population growth. Today, France is one of the countries with a relatively high fertility rate of around 1.9 children per woman in a European comparison , which can be explained by relatively high birth rates among ethnic minorities and family-friendly policies. Other demographic characteristics are one of the highest life expectancies in the world and a progressive aging of the population, which thanks to the higher birth rate is, however, less rapid than in comparable countries. In recent years, the country has therefore recorded slow but steady population growth of around 0.5% per year. A long-term increase in the population to around 70 million people in 2050 is therefore forecast.

The country has had a relatively good population record since the time of the French Revolution . However, the authorities are not allowed to collect any data on ethnic origin and religion, as this would contradict the principle of equality enshrined in the constitution. Such data can therefore only be estimated.

Historical development

Population development from 15000 BC Until 2010
Population development in the 19th and 20th centuries

The population of what is now French territory in 120 during the Roman era was estimated to be around 7.2 million. With the fall of the Roman Empire , the population began to decline to around 6 million in the middle of the 9th century . The population experienced a slow but steady upswing with the Kingdom of France . In the Middle Ages , after all, more than a quarter of Europe's population was French; in the 17th century it was a fifth. In 1550, France had the highest literacy rate in Europe, with 19% of the population (in Italy it was 18%, in Germany 16% and in Sweden 1%). From 1800 the historical development of the population in France was atypical for Europe. In contrast to the rest of Europe, there was no strong population growth in France in the 19th and first half of the 20th century . In France, the birth rate fell much earlier than in the rest of Europe, probably also because inheritance laws stipulated that property should be divided equally among all children, while in the United Kingdom property could be passed on to the oldest son or child. In France, contraception was also widespread very early on. In addition, the Napoleonic Wars dealt a severe blow to demographic growth. The Russian campaign in 1812 alone cost about half a million French lives. France's lower population pressure in the 19th century was reflected in the country's very low rate of emigration to the New World . However, there was emigration to the French colonies, particularly to Algeria . During this time France was already receiving immigrants from Spain and Italy who were attracted by the higher wages.

The French population grew only 8.6% between 1871 and 1911, while the German grew by 60% and the British by 54%. The slow population development led to widespread fears of the country's national decline, which were intensified by the loss of territory in the Franco-Prussian War of 1871 . The National Alliance for the Growth of the French Population (ANAPF) was created in 1896, and the Prix ​​Cognacq-Jay and other prizes were created for parents of large families. Nevertheless, the population continued to age and stagnate. Some historians suspect that the German Empire attacked France in 1914, suspecting it could quickly defeat the aging nation. The First World War was an unprecedented disaster for the country, which turned into a national trauma. A total of 1.4 million French were killed. France found it difficult to compensate for this demographic loss, as a significant part of the young male population was wiped out in the war, which may have contributed to the rapid German occupation of France in World War II . Between 1931 and 1946 census results show a decrease in the population from 41.5 to 40.1 million inhabitants. France finally experienced a significant increase in the birth rate after 1945, which also coincided with an economic upturn. From the 1960s onwards, more than a million French people returned from Algeria and immigration to France from the former colonies and southern Europe increased significantly. Population growth in France has slowed significantly since 1975, but it is still slightly higher than in the rest of Europe and much faster than the late 19th century and the first half of the 20th century. The relationship has now been reversed and France's population is growing faster than the rest of Europe after it was exactly the other way around.

The following table gives an overview of the historical population development of France (Metropolitan):

year population year population year population
1 7,000,000 1811 30,271,000 1901 40,681,000
120 7,200,000 1816 30,573,000 1906 41,067,000
850 6,000,000 1826 32,665,000 1921 39,108,000
1226 16,000,000 1831 33,595,000 1926 40,581,000
1345 20,200,000 1836 34,293,000 1931 41,524,000
1400 16,600,000 1841 34,912,000 1936 41,502,000
1457 19,700,000 1846 36,097,000 1946 40.506.639
1580 20,000,000 1851 36,472,000 1954 42,777,162
1594 18,500,000 1856 36,715,000 1962 46,519,997
1600 20,000,000 1861 37,386,000 1968 49,780,543
1670 18,000,000 1866 38,067,000 1975 52,655,864
1700 21,000,000 1872 37,653,000 1982 54,334,871
1715 19,200,000 1876 38,438,000 1990 56,615,155
1740 24,600,000 1881 39,239,000 1999 58,520,688
1792 28,000,000 1886 39,783,000 2006 61,399,733
1801 29,361,000 1891 39,946,000 2016 64,513,000

Population centers

Population density of France and its overseas territories (as of 1999)

By far the largest population center is the metropolitan area of Paris ( Île-de-France ) in the north-west of the country with around 12 million inhabitants. Other centers are the Mediterranean coast with the port cities of Marseille and Nice, the greater Lyon area in the east and the region around Lille in the north. The center of France, on the other hand, is much less populated and has been migrating to the urban centers for centuries. In 2018, the urbanization rate in France was around 80% (in 1960 it was around 60%), making France one of the heavily urbanized countries. The core city of Paris is also the major European city with the highest population density (approx. 20,000 people per km²).

Largest agglomerations

rank Agglomeration Population (2016)
1 Paris 10,733,971
2 Lyon 1,651,843
3 Marseille - Aix-en-Provence 1,587,537
4th Lille 1,041,389
5 Toulouse 957.750
6th Nice 943,583
7th Bordeaux 916,569
8th Nantes 642.425
9 Toulon 572,952
10 Grenoble 509.860

Ethnic groups

Today's indigenous French are of Celtic ( Gauls ) origin, with a mixture of Romance ( Romans ) and Germanic ( Franconian ) elements. Different regions reflect this diverse heritage, with Breton influences in western France, Aquitaine in the southwest, Scandinavian in the northwest, Alemannic in the northeast, and Ligurian influences in the southeast. The French popular identity was formed in the age of absolutism when the various regional elements merged into one nation. In France, affiliation to this is defined more by cultural and linguistic criteria than by ethnic origin alone. The indigenous minorities include the Basques in the French Basque Country , the Germans in Alsace and Lorraine, and the Corsicans in Corsica . Immigration has made France an increasingly multicultural and multiethnic country. It is estimated that up to 40% of the French population has descended from the various waves of immigration the country has experienced since the early 20th century. In a 2015 study, the number of people belonging to ethnic minorities in France was estimated at 30% in 2011 if ancestry is traced back 3 generations. 15% of these were of European origin and another 15% came from other parts of the world. The largest non-Western group is made up of North Africans from the states of the Maghreb .

In 2008, a survey conducted by the French Bureau of Statistics estimated that 5 million residents were of Italian descent, followed by 3 to 6 million residents of North African descent, 2.5 million residents of sub-Saharan Africa, and 200,000 residents of Turkish descent. There are over 300,000 ethnic Armenians in France . The largest East Asian group are the Vietnamese , whose number is estimated at 350,000. There are also sizeable minorities of other European ethnic groups, the largest being Spanish , Portuguese , Poles and Greeks . Since 2004 the number of Romanians and Bulgarians in France has increased. Because of the better economic opportunities, many people migrate from overseas territories to the mainland. These people are not considered foreigners, but in most cases they are de facto perceived as ethnic minorities.

The proportion of ethnic minorities is increasing due to migration and higher birth rates. In 2010, 27.3% of newborns in metropolitan France had at least one foreign-born parent and 23.9% had at least one parent born outside of Europe (parents born overseas are considered to have been born in France).

language

According to Article 2 of the Constitution, the official language of France is French , a Romance language derived from Latin . Since 1635 the Académie française has been France's official authority on the French language, although its recommendations have no legal weight. Regional languages ​​are also spoken in France, such as Occitan , Breton , Catalan , Flemish (Dutch dialect), Corsican , Alsatian (German dialect), and Basque . Italian was the official language of Corsica until May 9, 1859. After minority languages ​​were disadvantaged for a long time, the situation has now improved. The language plays an important role in French identity and culture and was spread throughout the world by the French colonial empire, making it one of the most widely spoken languages ​​in the world today.

According to the 2007 Adult Education Survey, part of a European Union project carried out by INSEE in France and based on a sample of 15,350 people, French was the mother tongue of 87.2% of the total population, or around 55.81 million people , followed by Arabic (3.6%, 2.30 million), Portuguese (1.5%, 0.96 million), Spanish (1.2%, 0.77 million) and Italian (1.0 %, 0.64 million). People who spoke languages ​​other than their mother tongue made up 5.2% of the population.

religion

Since the French Revolution there has been a strict division between church and state in France and the secularization of society began very early in France. According to a survey carried out in 2016 by the Institut Montaigne and the Institut français d'opinion publique (IFOP), 51.1% of the total French population were Christians that year . At the same time, 39.6% of the population had no religion ( atheists or agnosticism ), 5.6% were Muslim , 2.5% were followers of other faiths and the remaining 0.4% were undecided about their beliefs. In another survey from 2017, 27% of the population described themselves as staunch atheists , which was one of the highest values ​​in the world. Estimates of the number of Muslims in France vary widely. An estimate by the Pew Research Center assumes a Muslim proportion of 8.8% of the population in 2017. The 5.7 million Muslims would be the second largest Islamic community in Europe after that of Russia. The current Jewish community in France (about 0.8% of the population being Jews in 2016 ) is the largest in Europe and the third largest in the world after those in Israel and the United States .

The majority of Christians belong to the Roman Catholic Church . However, the proportion of Catholics in France has been falling for decades. Islam is showing strong growth, which has meanwhile led to conflicts and debates about national identity in this secular country, which arise from the poor integration of part of the Muslim population and from cultural conflicts. As there is increasing radicalization and the country has been rocked by several serious terrorist attacks, the government is now trying to limit the influence of foreign countries on French Muslims and to create its own French Islam. Depending on the scenario, the Muslim population is expected to grow to between 17.4 and 18 percent in 2050. Stagnation or decline is forecast for all other religious groups in the country.

immigration

In 2015, 12.1% of the population was born abroad. In 2018, 7% of the population had foreign citizenship (in 2008 it was 5.8%). A total of 20% of the population descended from younger waves of immigration. In 2013, net immigration to France was 107,000 people. In 2018, 3.3 million foreigners were from Africa, 3.1 million from Europe, 0.7 million from Asia and 0.3 million from America or Oceania . The area with the highest proportion of immigrants is the greater Paris area, where almost 40% of immigrants lived in 2012. Other regions with important immigrant populations are Rhône-Alpes (Lyon) and Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur (Marseille). This is where the proportion of immigrants is also highest. Migration from abroad has a long history and has made a significant contribution to population growth. The country had already experienced waves of immigration in the early 20th century. The majority of immigrants in the 1920s came from Italy and Poland , and from the 1930s on from other southern and eastern European countries as well as from French colonies in Africa and Asia. This first wave was eventually stopped by the economic problems of the 1930s. During the Spanish Civil War from 1936 to 1939 , many supporters of the Republicans fled to France.

After World War II, the French fertility rate recovered significantly, as noted above, but France's economic growth was so high that new immigrants were needed in the country. Most of the immigrants were Portuguese, Italians, Spaniards, and Arabs and Berbers from North Africa. The first wave came in the 1950s, but the main arrivals happened in the 1960s and 1970s. More than a million people from the Maghreb immigrated in the 1960s and early 1970s, particularly from Algeria (after the end of French rule there). A million European pieds-noirs also immigrated from Algeria in 1962 and in the following years during the chaotic independence of Algeria. France has nearly three million people of Algerian descent, a small percentage of whom are third or fourth generation French. A significant part of the Jews from the Maghreb also live in France today. Immigrants also came from sub-Saharan Africa ( Senegal , Mali and other French-speaking countries) and the overseas territories ( Martinique , Guadeloupe , Réunion , French Guiana , French Polynesia and Mayotte ) and Vietnam as a result of the Vietnam War . In 1974 France finally stopped its foreign labor recruitment program.

In the first decade of the 21st century, the net migration rate was estimated at 0.66 migrants per 1,000 people per year. This is a very low rate of immigration compared to other European countries, the United States or Canada. France has been trying to curb immigration since the early 1990s. In the 2000s, anti-immigrant forces also gained increasing political influence.

Social situation

France has a very well developed social security network, which is financed by high taxes and social contributions. The current welfare state was essentially built after the Second World War, when the state and tax rate rose sharply ( statism ). France scores well on various socio-economic criteria in a global comparison and has one of the highest standards of living in the world. Inequality is lower in France than in many other European countries and the French have, on average, relatively high private wealth, which is on average significantly higher than in Germany. However, social problems are particularly evident in the suburbs ( banlieues ), where social unrest regularly occurs. The high unemployment rate among young people, which was 22.3% in 2017, is considered problematic. This proportion is particularly high among young people of descent from the Maghreb region, sub-Saharan Africa or the overseas territories, which promotes a feeling of discrimination and a lack of prospects among these population groups. The national poverty rate was 14% in 2016.

The French health system is one of the general health care systems, largely funded by the state health insurance. In a study by the World Health Organization to evaluate health systems around the world, France ranked first in 2000 as the world's best health system. In 2017, life expectancy in France averaged 82.5 years (women: 85.7 years / men: 79.5 years), making it one of the world's best. France spends 11.5% of the gross domestic product on its health system and thus ranks second in Europe behind Switzerland. The public share of health expenditure is over 80%.

The school system in France is centralized and consists of three levels of primary , secondary and higher education . The OECD- coordinated program for the assessment of pupils around the world put France's level of education in 2015 at roughly the OECD average. In the 2015 PISA ranking , French students ranked 26th out of 72 countries in mathematics, 19th in science and 25th in reading comprehension. France is thus in the middle among the OECD countries. The problem is the high inequality in the education system, as schools in socially disadvantaged areas are often poorly equipped, while at the same time a small number of universities produce almost the entire elite of the country.

statistics

Births and Deaths since 1900

Annual development of various demographic indicators:

Average
population 		Births Deaths Natural
change 		Birth rate
(per 1,000 inhabitants) 		Death rate
(per 1,000 inh.) 		Change
(per 1,000 inhabitants) 		Fertility per woman Child mortality (per 1,000 births) Life expectancy
(men) 		Life expectancy
(women)
1900 885 200 818 900 66 300 22.7 21.0 1.7 2.80
1901 40 710 000 917 075 825 315 91 760 22.5 20.3 2.3 2.9028
1902 40 810 000 904 434 801 379 103 055 22.2 19.6 2.5 2.8530
1903 40 910 000 884 498 794 566 89 932 21.6 19.4 2.2 2.7840
1904 41,000,000 877 091 802 536 74 555 21.4 19.6 1.8 2.7483
1905 41 050 000 865 604 812 338 53 266 21.1 19.8 1.3 2.7059
1906 41 100 000 864 745 820 051 44 694 21.0 20.0 1.1 2.7000
1907 41 100 000 829 632 830 871 -1 239 20.2 20.2 -0.0 2.5755
1908 41 190 000 848 982 784 415 64 567 20.6 19.0 1.6 2.6363
1909 41 240 000 824 739 792 798 31 941 20.0 19.2 0.8 2.5573
1910 41 350 000 828 140 737 877 90 263 20.0 17.8 2.2 2.5705
1911 41 420 000 793 506 813 653 -20 147 19.2 19.6 -0.5 2.4620
1912 41 530 000 801 642 726 848 74 794 19.3 17.5 1.8 2.4853
1913 41 620 000 795 851 736 937 58 914 19.1 17.7 1.4 2.4680
1914 41 630 000 757 931 774 931 -17 000 18.2 18.6 -0.4 2.3354
1915 40 620 000 482 968 747 968 -265,000 11.9 18.4 -6.5 1.5194
1916 40 020 000 384 676 697 676 -313,000 9.6 17.4 -7.8 1.2304
1917 39 420 000 412 744 712 744 -300,000 10.5 18.1 -7.6 1.3419
1918 38 670 000 472 816 867 816 -395,000 12.2 22.4 -10.2 1.5593
1919 38 600 000 506 960 739 901 -232 941 13.1 19.2 -6.0 1.5907
1920 38 900 000 838 137 675 676 162 461 21.5 17.4 4.2 2.6946
1921 39 140 000 816 555 697 904 118 651 20.9 17.8 3.0 2.6014
1922 39 310 000 764 373 692 322 72 051 19.4 17.6 1.8 2.4230
1923 39 750 000 765 888 670 326 95 562 19.3 16.9 2.4 2.4067
1924 40 170 000 757 873 683 296 74 577 18.9 17.0 1.9 2.3561
1925 40 460 000 774 455 712 211 62 244 19.1 17.6 1.5 2.3884
1926 40 710 000 771 690 716 966 54 724 19.0 17.6 1.3 2.3680
1927 40 770 000 748 102 679 809 68 293 18.3 16.7 1.7 2.2895
1928 40 880 000 753 570 678 269 75 301 18.4 16.6 1.8 2.3052
1929 41 020 000 734 140 742 732 -8 592 17.9 18.1 -0.2 2.2412
1930 41 340 000 754 020 652 953 101 067 18.2 15.8 2.4 2.2953
1931 41 550 000 737 611 682 816 54 795 17.8 16.4 1.3 2.2470
1932 41 510 000 726 299 663 705 62 594 17.5 16.0 1.5 2.2258
1933 41 520 000 682 394 664 133 18 261 16.4 16.0 0.4 2.1110
1934 41 570 000 681 518 637 713 43 805 16.4 15.3 1.1 2.1406
1935 41 550 000 643 870 661 722 -17 852 15.5 15.9 -0.4 2.0696
1936 41 500 000 634 344 645 844 -11 500 15.3 15.6 -0.3 2.0919
1937 41 530 000 621 453 632 896 -11 443 15.0 15.2 -0.3 2.0989
1938 41 560 000 615 582 650 832 -35 250 14.8 15.7 -0.8 2.1276
1939 41 510 000 615 599 645 677 -30 078 14.8 15.6 -0.7 2.1662
1940 40 690 000 561 281 740 281 -179 000 13.8 18.2 -4.4 2.0025
1941 39 420 000 522 261 675 261 -153 000 13.2 17.1 -3.9 1.8535
1942 39 220 000 575 261 656 261 -81,000 14.7 16.7 -2.1 2.0425
1943 38 860 000 615 780 626 780 -11,000 15.8 16.1 -0.3 2.1864
1944 38 770 000 629 878 666 878 -37 000 16.2 17.2 -1.0 2.2494
1945 39 660 000 645 899 643 899 2,000 16.3 16.2 0.1 2.3102
1946 40 287 000 843 904 545 880 298 024 20.9 13.5 7.4 2.9979 77.8 59.9 65.2
1947 40 679 000 870 472 538 157 332 315 21.4 13.2 8.2 3.0366 71.1 61.2 66.7
1948 41 112 000 870 836 513 210 357 626 21.2 12.5 8.7 3.0195 55.9 62.7 68.8
1949 41 480 000 872 661 573 598 299 063 21.0 13.8 7.2 3.0044 60.3 62.2 67.6
1950 41 829 000 862 310 534 480 327 830 20.6 12.8 7.8 2.9466 52.0 63.4 69.2
1951 42 156 000 826 722 565 829 260 893 19.6 13.4 6.2 2.8056 50.8 63.1 68.9
1952 42 460 000 822 204 524 831 297 373 19.4 12.4 7.0 2.7772 45.2 64.4 70.2
1953 42 752 000 804 696 556 983 247 713 18.8 13.0 5.8 2.7038 41.9 64.3 70.3
1954 43 057 000 810 754 518 892 291 862 18.8 12.1 6.8 2.7142 40.7 65.0 71.2
1955 43 428 000 805 917 526 322 279 595 18.6 12.1 6.4 2.6835 38.6 65.2 71.5
1956 43 843 000 806 916 545 700 261 216 18.4 12.4 6.0 2.6735 36.2 65.2 71.7
1957 44 311 000 816 467 532 107 284 360 18.4 12.0 6.4 2.6947 33.8 65.5 72.2
1958 44 789 000 812 215 500 596 311 619 18.1 11.2 7.0 2.6835 31.4 66.8 73.4
1959 45 240 000 829 249 509 114 320 135 18.3 11.3 7.1 2.7521 29.6 66.8 73.2
1960 45 684 000 819 819 520 960 298 859 17.9 11.4 6.5 2.7396 27.4 67.0 73.6
1961 46 163 000 838 633 500 289 338 344 18.2 10.8 7.3 2.8242 25.7 67.5 74.4
1962 46 998 000 832 353 541 147 291 206 17.7 11.5 6.2 2.7957 25.7 67.0 73.9
1963 47 816 000 868 876 557 852 311 024 18.2 11.7 6.5 2.8962 25.6 66.8 73.8
1964 48 310 000 877 804 520 033 357 771 18.2 10.8 7.4 2.9149 23.4 67.7 74.8
1965 48 758 000 865 688 543 696 321 992 17.8 11.2 6.6 2.8492 21.9 67.5 74.7
1966 49 164 000 863 527 528 782 334 745 17.6 10.8 6.8 2.8008 21.7 67.8 75.2
1967 49 548 000 840 568 543 033 297 535 17.0 11.0 6.0 2.6711 20.7 67.8 75.2
1968 49 915 000 835 796 553 441 282 355 16.7 11.1 5.7 2.5880 20.4 67.8 75.2
1969 50 318 000 842 245 573 335 268 910 16.7 11.4 5.3 2.5343 19.6 67.4 75.1
1970 50 772 000 850 381 542 277 308 104 16.7 10.7 6.1 2.4803 18.2 68.4 75.9
1971 51 251 000 881 284 554 151 327 133 17.2 10.8 6.4 2.4972 17.2 68.3 75.9
1972 51 701 000 877 506 549 900 327 606 17.0 10.6 6.3 2.4187 16.0 68.5 76.2
1973 52 118 000 857 186 558 782 298 404 16.4 10.7 5.7 2.3086 15.4 68.7 76.3
1974 52 460 000 801 218 552 551 248 667 15.3 10.5 4.7 2.1123 14.6 68.9 76.7
1975 52 699 000 745 065 560 353 184 712 14.1 10.6 3.5 1.9272 13.8 69.0 76.9
1976 52 909 000 720 395 557 114 163 281 13.6 10.5 3.1 1.8290 12.5 69.2 77.2
1977 53 145 000 744 744 536 221 208 523 14.0 10.1 3.9 1.8619 11.4 69.7 77.8
1978 53 376 000 737 062 546 916 190 146 13.8 10.2 3.6 1.8215 10.7 69.8 77.9
1979 53 606 000 757 354 541 805 215 549 14.1 10.1 4.0 1.8553 10.0 70.1 78.3
1980 53 880 000 800 376 547 107 253 269 14.9 10.2 4.7 1.9450 10.0 70.2 78.4
1981 54 182 000 805 483 554 823 250 660 14.9 10.2 4.6 1.9455 9.7 70.4 78.5
1982 54 492 000 797 223 543 104 254 119 14.6 10.0 4.7 1.9123 9.5 70.7 78.9
1983 54 772 000 748 525 559 655 188 870 13.7 10.2 3.4 1.7844 9.1 70.7 78.8
1984 55 026 000 759 939 542 490 217 449 13.8 9.9 4.0 1.802 8.3 71.2 79.3
1985 55 284 000 768 431 552 496 215 935 13.9 10.0 3.9 1,814 8.3 71.3 79.4
1986 55 577 000 778 468 546 926 231 542 14.0 9.8 4.2 1,831 8.0 71.5 79.7
1987 55 824 000 767 828 527 466 240 362 13.8 9.4 4.3 1.801 7.8 72.0 80.3
1988 56 118 000 771 268 524 600 246 668 13.7 9.3 4.4 1.805 7.8 72.3 80.5
1989 56 423 000 765 473 529 283 236 190 13.6 9.4 4.2 1,788 7.5 72.5 80.6
1990 56 709 000 762 407 526 201 236 206 13.4 9.3 4.2 1,778 7.3 72.7 81.0
1991 56 976 000 759 056 524 685 234 371 13.3 9.2 4.1 1,770 7.3 72.9 81.2
1992 57 240 000 743 658 521 530 222 128 13.0 9.1 3.9 1.733 6.8 73.2 81.5
1993 57 467 000 711 610 532 263 179 347 12.4 9.3 3.1 1.660 6.5 73.3 81.5
1994 57 659 000 710 993 519 965 191 028 12.3 9.0 3.3 1.663 5.9 73.7 81.9
1995 57 844 000 729 609 531 618 197 991 12.6 9.2 3.4 1.713 4.9 73.9 81.9
1996 58 026 000 734 338 535 775 198 563 12.7 9.2 3.4 1.733 4.8 74.1 82.1
1997 58 207 000 726 768 530 319 196 449 12.5 9.1 3.4 1.726 4.7 74.6 82.3
1998 58 398 000 738 080 534 005 204 075 12.6 9.1 3.5 1.764 4.6 74.8 82.4
1999 58 661 000 744 791 537 661 207 130 12.7 9.2 3.5 1.791 4.3 75.0 82.5
2000 59 049 000 774 782 530 864 243 918 13.1 9.0 4.1 1,874 4.4 75.3 82.8
2001 59 477 000 770 945 531 073 239 872 13.0 8.9 4.0 1,877 4.5 75.5 82.9
2002 59 894 000 761 630 535 144 226 486 12.7 8.9 3.8 1,864 4.1 75.8 83.1
2003 60 304 000 761 464 552 339 209 125 12.6 9.2 3.5 1,874 4.0 75.9 83.0
2004 60 734 000 767 816 509 429 258 387 12.6 8.4 4.3 1,898 3.9 76.7 83.9
2005 61 182 000 774 355 527 533 246 822 12.7 8.6 4.0 1,920 3.6 76.8 83.9
2006 61 598 000 796 896 516 416 280 480 12.9 8.4 4.6 1,980 3.6 77.2 84.2
2007 61 965 000 785 985 521 016 264 969 12.7 8.4 4.3 1.959 3.6 77.4 84.4
2008 62 301 000 796 044 532 131 263 913 12.8 8.5 4.2 1,990 3.6 77.6 84.4
2009 62 616 000 793 420 538 166 255 254 12.7 8.6 4.1 1.989 3.7 77.8 84.5
2010 62 765 000 802 224 540 469 261 755 12.8 8.6 4.2 2.016 3.6 78.0 84.7
2011 63 070 000 792 996 534 795 258 201 12.5 8.5 4.0 1.996 3.5 78.4 85.0
2012 63 375 000 790 290 559 227 231 063 12.4 8.8 3.6 1.992 3.5 78.5 84.8
2013 63 697 000 781 621 558 408 223 213 12.3 8.8 3.5 1,973 3.6 78.8 85.0
2014 63 697 000 781 167 547 003 234 164 12.2 8.5 3.3 1,974 3.3 79.3 85.4
2015 64 300 000 760 421 581 770 178 651 11.8 9.0 2.8 1.925 3.5 79.0 85.1
2016 64 558 000 744 697 581 073 163 624 11.5 9.0 2.5 1,891 3.5 79.3 85.3
2017 64 639 000 730 242 593 606 136 636 11.3 9.2 2.1 1,860 3.6 79.4 85.3
2018 64 737 000 719 737 596 552 118,000 11.1 9.2 1.9 1,841 3.6 79.5 85.4
2019 64 821 000 714 300 599 400 118,000 11.0 9.2 1.8 1,835 79.7 85.6

Individual evidence

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