Kaulsdorf village church

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Kaulsdorf village church
since 1912: Jesus Church

photo

address Berlin-Kaulsdorf , Dorfstrasse
Denomination evangelical
local community Evangelical parish Kaulsdorf
Current usage Parish church; Church museum; Cultural place
Website: kirche-kaulsdorf.de
building
start of building around 1250
Renovations and renovations 1656–1695 refurbished and renewed;
Rebuilt in 1715/1716; At the end of the 19th century, it was
converted into brick ; restored from 1991
style early Romanesque , later Baroque , then Neo-Gothic

The evangelical village church Kaulsdorf , since 1912 with the addition Jesuskirche , is a medieval church on the historical village green of the district Berlin-Kaulsdorf in the district Marzahn-Hellersdorf . The church has been rebuilt, expanded and partially renewed several times in the past centuries. It stands together with its enclosure under monument protection . Officially, it has belonged to the Evangelical Church Berlin-Brandenburg-Silesian Upper Lusatia since 1945 .

history

1250-1715

The first church building at today's location was erected around 1250 as a simple field stone building in the Romanesque style. The hall church had a semicircular apse and was - according to experts - originally without a tower. It was not until the late Middle Ages that it received a half-timbered gable tower for ringing three bronze bells. In the Thirty Years' War looted and abandoned by the expulsion of the population to decay, the church from 1656 has been refurbished, set from 1685 to 1695 maintained and further refurbished. The name of the village at the time the church was built has not been passed down, only a document from 1347 mentions Kaulsdorf as "Caulestorp". The first written material about the church comes from the year 1450. The Kaulsdorf parish had been the "altar property" of the Petrikirche Cölln from 1412 and the Oberpfarr- und Domkirche Berlin from 1536 (until 1945).

1715-1874

In the years 1715/1716 a baroque renovation took place, as a result of which the narrow arched windows that were initially available were widened or walled up. The church roof was removed, the east gable with the apse was broken off and the church was extended by about 7 meters to the east. The walls of the old nave were probably raised by about 1 m. The first half-timbered tower was meanwhile "completely rotten inside and out" and was replaced by a squat gable tower made of half-timbered with sound hatches and a Welschen hood . A new belfry and a new Seiger house for the church clock were built into the interior . Finally, the floor was paved in small pieces.

1875-1912

After the silk- weaver apprentice Heinrich Wohler had already recorded the church with the badly damaged tower in a drawing in 1834 , the village community of Kaulsdorf decided in 1874 to build a representative three-part brick tower in the neo-Gothic style . The royal cathedral builder Krüger designed the new tower and started work with the master mason Gerhardt from Altlandsberg and the carpenter Stumpf from Tasdorf at the beginning of July 1875 . The dilapidated half-timbered tower and a wooden partition wall inside the church were removed and the south doors were replaced by a new main entrance in the western gable wall. The required 67,000 bricks were supplied by the farm owner Carl Julius Gustav Bausdorf from his brick factory on the Caulsdorfer Feldmark. And around 30,000 facing bricks came from the Benno Knape brickworks in Oderberg . The new belfry was created using the wood that was still usable . The tower and bell inauguration could be celebrated in early 1876. The stone tower was now 33 meters high, had four skylights and a slate-roofed octagonal tower spire . The crowning consisted of a pole with a gilded tower button , a weather vane and a wrought-iron cross.

1912 – April 1945

West portal

The rapid population increase in Kaulsdorf at the beginning of the 20th century made it necessary to install more seats in the church, i.e. to carry out a renovation again. From 1912 onwards, according to the report by the government and building councilor Bernhard Hoffmann, who was in charge of construction management, the church roof was “approx. 1.30 m raised ”, the nave walls and the eight existing window openings were also raised accordingly. The once boarded only with boards ceiling was subsequently plastered and with a haunch was backsplash. The wall offsets from 1716 were beveled and decorated with fleeing angels. The remains of the gable on the west gallery that were still preserved after the tower was built in 1875 has now been completely removed. The west portal was widened inside, the windows were given new colored glazing and a newly built organ by the Dinse brothers was installed. The northern extension was converted back into a usable sacristy ; he got a separate entrance. After the renovation was completed, the sacred building was given the name Jesus Church when it was re-consecrated on December 8, 1912 .

In the last days of the Second World War , on April 22, 1945, the top of the church tower was shot down by German flak helpers before the Red Army marched into Berlin.

May 1945–1991

After the end of the war, the destroyed steeple was replaced by a simple tent-shaped roof. In 1964 the nave was given a new exterior plaster and the window frames were replaced. A general overhaul was carried out between 1979 and 1981, during which the temporary tower top was renewed, covered with zinc sheet and a hot-dip galvanized cross was placed on it. The surroundings of the Kaulsdorf church were also redesigned on this occasion.

The building remained in this condition until after the political change and was used by around 3,000 members of the evangelical community for their services.

From 1991

Structural renovations could now be carried out step by step: the roofs were given new slate with old German cover, the nave was renovated and freshly painted.

Reconstruction of the spire

As a result of a fundraising initiative initiated by the Schilkin company , the Heimatverein Hellersdorf, Kaulsdorf, Mahlsdorf e. V. and the housing company Hellersdorf, the necessary funds (around 500,000 DM ) for a reconstruction of the spire with its historic neo-Gothic hood came together in 1999  .

Temporary tower roof (1945–1999), on the playground of the day-care center since the 21st century

The art historian Sylvia Müller, the preservationists Christa Heese and Lothar Herrmann as well as the architect Klaus Schaffrick and the company Hoch- und Tiefbauplanung Schröder participated in the project planning and implementation planning, which began in 1998. The work was assigned to nine different companies in the region and coordinated by parishioner Joachim Klee. The approximately 50-year-old temporary roof was put up again as a canopy at the suggestion of the architects in the Protestant kindergarten. The topping-out ceremony took place on August 10, 1999, and the completion of the work was celebrated on October 2, 1999.

Building description

church

The floor plan of the church is rectangular with a length of around 25 meters and a width of around eleven meters. The foundation consists of irregularly layered, unhewn or split field stones of different sizes. The building has a slate hipped gable roof . The main room of the church has smooth plastered walls and has a north square and a south rectangular extension. In 1875, the community had a church tower built in neo-Gothic style in front of the west facade of the church, based on a design by the building councilor Georg Erbkam .

Wedding gate

In 1880, after the new tower was completed, a new entrance was added to the church enclosure, which has served as the wedding gate since 1929. Couples who have their church wedding performed step out of the church through this portal and pass the double pairs of pillars. On the inner pillars there are cast-iron crosses that are connected by an arch, which is adorned with a gold-plated star in the center. The double-leaf gate is an artful locksmith's work.

The spire, reconstructed in 1999, is based on the original colors from 1875 and is striking on the church building due to its lighter materials.

tower

Renewed spire

The tower and the two side houses were built in their present form in front of the west gable of the church building in 1875. The tower itself has a square floor plan.

Three rooms and a former attic room have been used as a tower museum at the level of the bell floor since 2000 : the history chamber has changing exhibitions. In the bell ringer chamber there are panels on the history of the construction and furnishings of the church, historical documents and depictions of bells. In the third room, in the Kunstkammer, sacred exhibits can be seen, including gospels , Bibles and hymn books (from 1793), a chest made from a single oak trunk from the 15th century, a historical trunk (as a former church case), four death-crown boards , the mechanical clockwork from the tower clock from 1875, excerpts from the oldest Kaulsdorf church book and the oldest church account book from 1685–1822 / 23 and others. In addition, the church attic functions as an adjoining room to the tower museum. Here, among the preserved original parts of the roof structure from 1716, there is a double of the filling of the gilded tower knob from 1999 as well as a church model and some pipes from the Dinse organ. Some panels from previous exhibitions are also in this room. The museum is accessed from the church vestibule.

Furnishing

altar

Altar and altar window

The interior of the church is richly decorated. The altar with its reredos was rebuilt in 1656 as the first piece of equipment after the thirty year old. The accompanying pictures show the resurrection of Christ and the ascension of Christ . The altarpiece includes medallions and a predella with, among other things, the Lord's Supper . Experts identified the hymn poet Paul Gerhardt among the depicted people. As a result, the altarpiece was adapted several times, most recently in 1912, to the changed room heights. In 1957/58 the marbled altar columns were painted gray and the side altar barriers with the knee benches (communion barriers ) were removed.

Church window

Figurative representation from an altar window

In the area of ​​the altar, three tall rectangular, three-part colored church windows decorate the room. They symbolize hanging carpets and their medallions show (from north to south) the themes of the sinking Peter , conversation with the Samaritan woman and Mary and Martha . They were made by the F. Müller company in Quedlinburg on the occasion of the church renovation in 1912 (as can be seen from a small monogram) and belong to an originally six-part cycle. Five windows were financed by private donations from Kaulsdorf citizens whose names were inscribed on the windows. The other windows, including two sample glazings made of antique glass and a window for the sacristy, were paid for by the parish. The north wall of the church is dominated by the fourth carpet window. When it was first installed, it showed the scene of The Good Samaritan in the medallion ; this was lost in the Second World War and is now ornamentally designed. Two windows on the south side, originally dedicated to the themes of the Pharisees and tax collectors and Peter heals the sick , were completely destroyed in the war. They have now been replaced by plain colored windows. The sacristy was equipped with a new colored window in 1912, which was artfully put together from glass remains from the previous hall window.

Pulpit and galleries

pulpit

The baroque pulpit was purchased in 1688. The wooden work of art by a master carpenter from Köpenick replaced the pulpit that had disappeared at the age of thirty. A Berlin painter then colored the pulpit. In 1716 it was given its present place in the church. It has now been revised and renewed in color twice in the 20th century. The inscriptions identify it as a typical Protestant pulpit.

Galleries run along two sides . They were built at different times and also served, among other things, to expand the space in the church. The first to be built on the west side was a choir for the servants , which was converted into an organ gallery in 1827 and the south pore as a choir for the youth around 1640 . In the following renovations or conversions, previous parts of the church were repeatedly reused. The current color of the galleries dates from 1979/80, with decorative elements from the 1930s and 1957/58 being removed.

Baptismal font and other equipment elements

baptism

The stone baptismal font represents a putto carrying the pewter-made baptismal font with the wooden lid on a cushion . It was purchased in 1690 and is the work of a Berlin sculptor. It owes its colourfulness to the painter who already designed the pulpit.

The church stalls (benches and boxes) come from different centuries, only a few are recorded in the first village church. Particularly noteworthy are the benches from 1716, a pastor's and a sexton's chair from 1860, as well as other seating. Today the church has seats for around 350 visitors.

An iron-studded chest made from a tree trunk exhibited in the tower museum , as mentioned above, was probably used to store the liturgical implements until the Reformation , then for the safe storage of church funds and also dates from the Middle Ages. Further equipment includes a consecration cross , ceiling decorations (angel's escape), wall lamps, a memorial plaque in the tower staircase for those who died in the First World War from the Kaulsdorf community, as well as a circulating air heater, first installed in 1935, which replaced the heating with two cannon stoves.

organ

In 1827 the first organ from the workshop of Carl August Buchholz was installed in the Kaulsdorf church . Buchholz formulated the order of the parish as follows: “The case of the organ is made of good timber according to a simple but tasteful drawing and has a height of about 9  feet , a width of 10 feet and a depth of 4 feet. The keyboard cabinet is placed on the side of the organ and the necessary access to the inside of the organ is provided through doors. ”The instrument had a manual for 54 keys, a free pedal for 27 keys, 390 sounding pipes and 8  stops .

In 1912 this organ was replaced by a new building by the Dinse brothers. This had two manuals, 13 registers and pneumatic cone chests and received a neo-baroque prospectus. In 1958 the Dinse organ was rebuilt in the baroque style by the organ builders of the Sauer company from Frankfurt (Oder) ; however, the result has been criticized by experts as a loss of sound volume and character.

This Dinse organ installed on the west gallery no longer met the increased demands after almost 100 years of use and two world wars. The parish council therefore decided to build a new organ, with which Orgelbau Sandtner from Dillingen a. d. Danube was commissioned. The parts of the Dinse organ that are worth preserving, such as the organ prospectus and some registers or register areas, were reused in the new instrument for aesthetic reasons and for reasons of monument preservation. The organ was inaugurated with a festive concert on October 10, 2010.

Organ case and disposition

The organ case is 4.07 m high, 4.99 m wide and 3.20 m deep. The instrument has 1232 pipes, 24 stops on 2 manuals and a pedal. It is arranged as follows .

Sandtner organ on the gallery
I main work
Bourdun 16 ′
Principal 08th'
Flûte harmonique 08th'
Viola da Gambaa 08th'
Octave 04 ′
Fifth 02 2 ⁄ 3  ′
Super octave 02 '
third 01 3 ⁄ 5  ′
Mixture 4-fold 01 1 ⁄ 3  ′
Trumpet 08th'
Tremulant
II swell
Violin principal 08th'
Dumped 08th'
Aeoline 08th'
Voc coelestis 08th'
Principal 04 ′
Reed flute 04 ′
Flautino 02 ′
Clarinet 08th'
Tremulant
III Pedals
Violon 16 ′
Sub bass 16 ′
Octavbass 08th'
violoncello 08th'
trombone 16 ′
Trumpet 08th'

Coupling: II – I, II – I sub, II – Ped, I – Ped and a gold-plated cymbal star

Bells

View of the peal

The bells of the Kaulsdorf church consist of three bronze bells . It has been operated electrically since 1973, and the bell system was modernized in 1996.

The shape and tone of the smallest bell is dated by experts to a production around 1300. It has no inscriptions or foundry marks. It has a diameter of 670 mm, a weight of 180 kg and is tuned to the main note b and the undertone d with the pitch f sharp (Eb ''). In addition, the low "c" sounds.

The middle bell was cast in 1740 from a predecessor bell made around 1600 from a church in Cölln . It contains the following inscription: “Glory to God alone! With the approval of the venerable directorate of the Cölln cathedral on the Spree, Carl Philipp Mentzel, chapter administrator in the year of the Resurrection of the Lord, had me cast around in 1740, when Christian Friedrich Schöneberg was pastor. CAST BY IF THIELEN IN BERLIN ”. The bell is decorated with a frieze around the top. It has a diameter of 765 mm, a weight of 250 kg and is tuned to the main note b (c) and the undertone d with the pitch "D flat".

The large bell was created in 1518 according to its Gothic minuscule inscription: "Oh, King of Glory, Christ, come with peace, in the year of the Lord 1518". A foundry mark and a small, round medallion with a shadowy head of Christ can provide clues as to their origin, but have not yet been identified. The bell has a diameter of 945 mm, a weight of 460 kg, is tuned to the main note a with the undertone c and has the pitch B '.

During the First World War, the three bronze bells - “because of their mood and their musically valuable harmony” - did not have to be delivered for the production of war material like so many others. However, the two larger bells were removed on February 27, 1942 on the orders of Hermann Göring and stored centrally. Pastor Schachtschneider from the Kaulsdorf community and the consistory of the Evangelical Church in Berlin were able to get both bells back after the war . They were re-installed in the church tower in November 1953.

A steel construction from March 1968 in which the bells hang next to each other serves as the bell cage. The previous wooden belfry, made of wood from the previous tower, had become unusable due to wood pests . There the middle and the small bell hung over the big one.

Child care, parish, parish and sexton house

Day care center and rectory

The Protestant day care center (Kita) on the village green was built in 1999 as a new building on church land. The day-care center ties in with the kindergarten tradition that began at the beginning of the 19th century by the Kaulsdorf parish. 50–55 children are looked after here. A parsonage and office building, built in 1933 and last inhabited by Pastor Heinrich Grüber , stood on this site . In 1943 it was completely destroyed by an incendiary bomb.

A parish apartment was structurally integrated into today's daycare building.

Sexton and office building

The sexton's house northeast of the church building on the village green was built in 1857 as a barn and stable building for the pastor. It was converted into residential use and ultimately an office building in the 20th century.

A building erected in 1830 as a village school was converted into today's parish hall.

Churchyard

As was customary for centuries, the area next to the church served as a burial place until 1866. The churchyard is enclosed by field stone walls that date from before the Thirty Years War . The earlier wooden enclosures have been replaced by clinker walls in the last few centuries. Next to the wedding gate there is a Berlin memorial plaque in the wall , which reminds of the former pastor Heinrich Grüber.

literature

  • Hansotto Löggow: Guide through the East of Berlin. Kaulsdorf. Berlin 1932.
  • Paul Torge: Around the old walls of Berlin. Berlin 1939.
  • Kurt Pomplun: Berlin's old village churches. Berlin 1967.
  • Werner Radig: Old village centers in Berlin and other contributions. Kulturbund, Berlin 1983 (issue 12 of the series miniatures on the history, culture and preservation of Berlin's monuments).
  • Stephani Kühne: Evangelical Churches in Berlin. 1986, ISBN 3-7674-0158-4 .
  • Joachim Klee is the keeper of the village church (online, undated), at www.berliner-woche.de.

Web links

Commons : Dorfkirche Kaulsdorf  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Dorfstrasse, Ev. Village church with wall, 14. – 20. Century
  2. ↑ Details of the first church and the renovation from 1716, on the former church homepage ( Memento from October 19, 2013 in the Internet Archive )
  3. ↑ The original drawing of the Kaulsdorf village church from 1834 is now in the planning chamber in Potsdam.
  4. ↑ private homepage of a current holiday apartment in Oderberg with reference to the brickworks in the 19th century ( memento from June 21, 2013 in the Internet Archive )
  5. ↑ The tower system from 1875 ( Memento from December 22, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Kaulsdorf Church with the tower renovation campaign in 1875, formerly the EKBO website, accessed on September 14, 2011.
  6. ^ The reconstruction of 1912. Evangelical Church Berlin - Brandenburg - Silesian Upper Lusatia, archived from the original on October 19, 2013 ; accessed on September 14, 2011 (reference to Dinse organ).
  7. ^ Building history up to 1997, on the EKBO homepage, accessed on September 14, 2011 ( Memento from October 19, 2013 in the Internet Archive )
  8. ^ Info booklet Jesuskirche Berlin-Kaulsdorf, October 2nd, 1999 , Heimatverein Hellersdorf, Kaulsdorf, Mahlsdorf e. V. (Ed.), November 1999.
  9. ↑ Tower Museum in the Kaulsdorfer Dorfkirche ( Memento of the original from July 14, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / hellersdorf.berlin-umsonst.com
  10. ↑ Marzahn-Hellersdorf 2010/2011 ( Memento from February 6, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) 10 years of the Tower Museum in Kaulsdorf.
  11. ↑ Details on the church altar, formerly the EKBO homepage, accessed on September 14, 2011 ( Memento from October 19, 2013 in the Internet Archive )
  12. ↑ Details on the church windows. EKBO homepage, accessed on September 15, 2011 ( Memento from October 19, 2013 in the Internet Archive )
  13. ↑ Details on the pulpit and the gallery, formerly the EKBO homepage, accessed on September 14, 2011 ( Memento from October 19, 2013 in the Internet Archive )
  14. ↑ Details on the font ( memento from October 19, 2013 in the Internet Archive )
  15. ↑ Details on the stalls ( memento from October 19, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) and details on the church chest ( memento from October 19, 2013 in the Internet Archive )
  16. ↑ Further equipment elements; EKBO homepage, accessed on September 15, 2011 ( Memento from October 19, 2013 in the Internet Archive )
  17. ^ A b Sylvia Müller: Art Guide , No. 2320. Verlag Schnell and Steiner, Regensburg 1997, p. 22.
  18. ↑ a b Detail about the organ from 2010 ( memento of the original from October 19, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. EKBO homepage, accessed on September 14, 2011 @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.kirche-kaulsdorf.ekbo.de
  19. ↑ Details on the bells, formerly the EKBO homepage, accessed on September 15, 2011 ( Memento from October 19, 2013 in the Internet Archive )
  20. ↑ Joachim Klee: Glockentafel, October 2003 (in the tower museum)

Coordinates: 52 ° 30 ′ 29.6 ″  N , 13 ° 34 ′ 51 ″  E