EUTM Mali

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EUTM Mali
operation area MaliMali Mali
German name Military mission of the European Union
as a contribution to the training of the Malian armed forces (EUTM Mali)
English name European Union Military Mission to Contribute to the Training of the Malian Armed Forces (EUTM Mali)
Type of mission military training mission
Beginning 2013
status continually
management GermanyGermany Jochen Deuer
Military out
Deaths 2
Location of the operational area Mali in its region.svg
Map overview
Operation area
EUTM Mali.svg

Coat of arms of the EUTM Mali
EUTM Mali (13150075203) .jpg

An Irish EU soldier with a Malian soldier. Easily recognizable: the EU flag as a shoulder badge

The EUTM Mali ( English European Union Training Mission Mali ) is a multinational training mission of the European Union (EU) with headquarters in Mali's capital Bamako . The aim is to enable the Malian armed forces, Forces Armées et de Sécurité du Mali (FAMa), with the basic military training and advice they have provided, to take action against Islamist militias in the region. Even the EUTM Mali should not be involved in fighting in the north of the state. In parallel to this military training mission, the EU operates the civilian mission EUCAP Sahel Mali .

In addition to the missions, the UN peacekeeping mission MINUSMA , MISAHEL of the African Union and the French operation Barkhane also exist in Mali .

assignment

EUTM Mali helps improve the capacity of the Malian armed and security forces, under the full control of the Malian political authorities, to:

  • Consolidation of FAMa operational and strategic improvements made with support from EUTM Mali;
  • Contribution to the political and security stabilization of Mali through technical support in the implementation of the peace agreement;
  • Supporting the restoration of state control, rule of law and order throughout Mali;
  • Support of the G5 Sahel through the operationalization of the G5 Sahel Joint Force through advice and training support.

history

In response to the conflict in northern Mali , on October 15, 2012, the EU foreign ministers discussed plans to support and train the Malian security forces.

On December 10, 2012, the Council of the European Union approved the crisis management concept for a CSDP training mission in Mali. The aim is to support the territorial integrity and democratic order of the West African state. The deployment under civil supervision is based on the request of the Malian government and within the framework of Resolution 2071 of the UN Security Council .

After the advance of Islamist terror groups ( MUJAO , AQMI and Ansar Dine ) into central Mali in December 2012 and January 2013, France intervened militarily against the separatists on January 11, 2013 with the Opération Serval . International support grew and the planned deployment of the African-led International Support Mission to Mali (AFISMA) was accelerated.

In a special meeting of the EU foreign ministers on January 17, 2013 in Brussels - which was also attended by the Malian foreign minister Hubert Coulibaly - the start of the training mission for the Malian army was officially decided. The common costs of the operation were 12.3 million  euros budgeted for a term of 15 months.

The training mission was initially limited to the comparatively quiet south. Since April 2016, the Nordschleife of the Niger has been the northern border for European trainers . Participation in combat - also in the form of "tactical monitoring" - remains excluded.

On May 14, 2018, the Council of the European Union decided to regionalize its CSDP missions EUCAP Sahel Mali , EUCAP Sahel Niger and EUTM Mali in order to strengthen cross-border cooperation in the Sahel region . The regional coordination cell should also include experts on internal security and defense of the G5 Sahel countries. By May 18, 2020, 59.7 million euros had been made available jointly.

Education / training for Malian security forces

So far, around 15,000 Malian security forces have taken part in the following training courses at the Koulikorou Training Center:

  • 8 mixed combat troops - GTIA (Groupement Tactique Interarmées) battalions trained;
  • 5 GTIA mixed combat troop battalions trained / retrained;
  • 7 mixed combat troop companies ETIA (Elément Tactique Interarmées) trained;
  • 9 courses for company commanders of the FAMa conducted;
  • 4 courses conducted for company commanders of the National Guard;
  • 33 courses for train the trainers / instructor course.

22 mobile training courses were carried out at other locations; including, in addition to standard training and further education, special courses, for example for snipers or air traffic control officers . The imparted training content always includes questions of human rights and dealing with prisoners of war.

Education / training for G5 Sahel

The following training courses were also carried out for the G5 Sahel :

  • 3 courses for G5 Sahel liaison officers;
  • 3 courses for G5 Sahel staff officers;
  • 2 Preparatory training courses for members of the G5 Sahel.

Incidents and losses

On March 21, 2016, the headquarters in Bamako was attacked by three attackers armed with assault rifles. One assailant was killed during the firefight, the other two days later the Malian police were arrested. Mission members or uninvolved civilians were not injured.

On May 18, 2018, several members of the mission were affected by an attack on the holiday complex "Le Campement" near Bamako. The Portuguese Sargento Ajudante Fernando Benido was fatally wounded in the firefight between the attackers and soldiers from the EUTM and Barkhane missions . The Spanish Infante de Marine Antonio Carrero died in an accident while driving a motor vehicle to the attack site.

On the night of February 23-24, 2019, the training center at the Malian officers' school in Koulikoro was attacked by several attackers with handguns and two cars prepared as explosives. The attack was repulsed by Malian and Spanish security forces. Three Malian soldiers guarding the entrance were injured. Mission members were not harmed.

Observers regularly accused the Malian soldiers, trained by France, Germany and other nations, of human rights violations. In the village of Boulkessi on the border with Burkina Faso - where the Malian military maintains a base - more civilians died in and around Boulkessi as a result of operations by the Malian army than in almost any other region in Mali. According to data from the non-governmental organization Armed Conflict Location and Event Data Project , a total of 153 civilians died in Boulkessi by the Malian military between 2018 and 2020. Some of these people had previously been arrested by joint patrols of the French and Malian armies and were later found dead. In 2021, all of the remaining villagers had left Boulkessi.

organization

The Mission Force Commander (MFCdr) controls an advisory unit in Bamako , an education and training unit in Koulikoro as well as the security forces and the medical facilities at both locations. In the near future, members of the EUTM Mali are also to be deployed at the G5 Sahel mission headquarters in Sévaré .

Commanders

country Rank Surname of to
FranceFrance France Brigadier General François Lecointre Jan. 2013 Aug 2013
FranceFrance France Brigadier General Bruno Guibert Aug 2013 March 2014
FranceFrance France Brigadier General Marc André Rudkiewicz March 2014 Oct. 2014
SpainSpain Spain Brigadier General Alfonso García-Vaquero Pradal Oct. 2014 July 2015
GermanyGermany Germany Brigadier General Franz Xaver Pfrengle July 2015 Dec 2015
GermanyGermany Germany Brigadier General Werner Albl Dec 2015 July 2016
BelgiumBelgium Belgium Brigadier General Eric Harvent July 2016 Dec 2016
BelgiumBelgium Belgium Brigadier General Peter Devogelaere Dec 2016 July 2017
BelgiumBelgium Belgium Brigadier General Bart Laurent July 2017 Jan. 2018
SpainSpain Spain Brigadier General Enrique Millán Martínez Jan. 2018 Nov 2018
GermanyGermany Germany Brigadier General Peter Mirow Nov 2018 Jun. 2019
AustriaAustria Austria Brigadier Christian Habersatter Jun. 2019 Dec 2019
PortugalPortugal Portugal Brigadier General João Pedro Boga Ribeiro Dec 2019 Jun. 2020
Czech RepublicCzech Republic Czech Republic Brigadier General František Ridzák Jun. 2020 Jan. 2021
SpainSpain Spain Brigadier General Fernando Luis Gracia Herreiz Jan. 2021 July 2021
GermanyGermany Germany Brigadier General Jochen Deuer July 2021

Mission Field Headquarters (MFHQ)

The headquarters located in Bamako in the Azalaï Hotel Nord-Sud is the most important component of the MFCdr. The members of the MFHQ advise the MFCdr in managing the mission and coordinate the activities of the other units. Like most of the higher military command commands, it consists of different command areas (FGG):

FGG 1 deals with all personnel matters arising in the mission. The soldiers responsible for press work are also located in this FGG.

FGG 2 deals classically with "enemy forces"; In the case of EUTM Mali, this FGG is responsible for evaluating the situation in northern and central Mali as well as evaluating the security situation at the training locations. The soldiers of this FGG also check the course participants for possible connections to separatist and / or Islamist forces.

FGG 3 “leads” the mission. This is where the upcoming training sessions are coordinated and individual subordinate units are conducted. The operations center is also located in this FGG , in which representatives of all other FGG are seated.

FGG 4 is responsible for the material, including vehicles, supplies, weapons, ammunition. The properties available from Mali are also managed within this FGG.

FGG 5 is responsible for long-term planning. Future training courses are planned here, but from internal mission exercises such as the evacuation of properties or MedEvac . The completed planning is submitted to FGG 3 for implementation.

FGG 6 is responsible for communication, electronic data processing and transmission. This ranges from the issue of handheld radios to the setting up and operation of local area networks to the operation of satellite communication systems for communication with Brussels.

The MFCdr is also supported by other individual consultants, among others

  • a legal adviser (LegAd),
  • a medical officer (always a doctor, usually a tropical medicine),
  • a Political Adviser (PolAd)
  • or a psychologist.

Education and Training Task Force (ETTF)

This unit, which is located in the Koulikoro Training Center (KTC) at the Malian officer school (École militaire interarmes du Mali - EMIA) , offers training for the units of the Malian security forces and for military units of the G5 Sahel and supports training in the military training centers aiming to improve the leadership and management skills of Malian officers and non-commissioned officers. For training outside of the Koulikorou and Sévaré locations, mixed training teams (Combined Mobile Advisory and Training Teams - CMATT) are put together for the training required.

Since it operates separately from the MFHQ and partially coordinates units of the FP and MED, the management staff of the ETTF is structured like the MFHQ (FGG 1 to FGG 6); However, it is not so staffed and the consultants of the MFHQ have to be used for the consulting services of the individual consultants.

Advisory Task Force (ATF)

This unit, based in Bamako, is responsible for advising and training the staff of the Ministry of Defense, the General Staff of the Army and the headquarters of the military regions. It also advises and trains the headquarters of the G5 Sahel Joint Force, thereby helping to consolidate and improve its operational capabilities.

Force Protection (FP)

The FP units protect the mission's facilities. FP units are currently permanently stationed at the bases in Koulikoro and Bamako and accompany the CMATT with their mobile training units throughout the mandate area.

Medical Units (MED)

EUTM Mali is equipped with medical facilities and medical staff in accordance with European standards who are permanently deployed in Bamako, Koulikoro and, in the future, in Sévaré. The ROLE 2 field hospital (comparable to a district hospital) in the KTC offers the permanent possibility of emergency surgical operations (Damage-Control Surgery - DCS) to stabilize wounded or injured personnel until they are evacuated to the respective country of origin. It is operated by International SOS, a private company that specializes in such operations.

In addition, there are still military medical troops who, like the FP, can accompany the CMATT with their training throughout the mandate area.

The mission does not have its own flying life-saving equipment. This capability is provided by Starlite Aviation, based in South Africa . This provides two Super Puma helicopters and a Beechcraft King Air 200 for MedEvac with the appropriate medical equipment in Bamako.

Use of the Bundeswehr

The first mandate of the German Bundestag included the deployment of up to 180 German soldiers and was initially limited to February 28, 2014. On April 29, 2013, 35 Malian soldiers and recruits were trained for the first time by German instructors at the Koulikoro Training Center (KTC) in Koulikoro.

On February 20, 2014, the UN mandate was extended to February 28, 2015 for up to 250 soldiers.

On February 26, 2015, the German Bundestag extended the mandate for the deployment of up to 350 soldiers until May 31, 2016.

On May 12, 2016, the German Bundestag extended the Bundeswehr's mandate for a further year until June 29, 2017 for up to 300 soldiers. In accordance with the EU Council decision of March 23, 2016, the mandate area was extended to parts of the north, which is considered to be troubled.

On March 22, 2017, the German Bundestag decided to extend the mission until May 31, 2018.

By increasing the upper limit by 50 soldiers to 350 Bundeswehr soldiers, the German Bundestag voted on May 18, 2018 to extend the deployment to May 31, 2019.

On May 9, 2019, the German Bundestag voted to extend the mandate for another year. The personnel limit of 350 soldiers remained in place.

On May 29, 2020, the mandate was extended for a further year. Up to 450 soldiers can be deployed.

On May 19, 2021, the mandate was extended to May 31, 2022.

In 2019, the Bundeswehr stationed around 10 trainers from various organizational areas in Mali for the training mission. All in all, around 160 German soldiers are deployed on the mission. This also includes an air handling element, which also supports the soldiers of the UN MINUSMA mission in moving from Bamako to Gao.

The mandate area of ​​the German contribution to EUTM Mali currently also includes G5 Sahel countries. In addition to Mali, Mauritania , Burkina Faso , Chad and Niger belong to this regional organization. Bundeswehr soldiers can also temporarily be deployed to the headquarters of the G5 Sahel troops for training and advisory purposes.

German mission commanders

The Eurocorps provided the core staff with 57 soldiers in the second half of 2015 and thus supported Germany in carrying out this mission. The operation was led from July 2015 to mid-December 2015 by the Chief of Staff of the Eurocorps, Franz Xaver Pfrengle . On December 18, 2015, he handed over command to the commander of the Franco-German Brigade , Werner Albl .

As the third German, Peter Mirow - again as commander of the DF Brigade - became Mission Force Commander EUTM in November 2018. He was followed by the Austrian Christian Habersatter.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Peace Operatios. (PDF) Center for International Peace Operations, September 1, 2016, accessed June 5, 2017 .
  2. ↑ EUTM Mali | EUTM Mali Mission. Retrieved June 27, 2020 (American English).
  3. ↑ Resolution 2071 , on unscr.com
  4. ^ Schmid, Bernhard: The Mali Intervention. 1st edition. No. 3 . UNRAST, Münster 2014.
  5. ↑ Council conclusions on Mali - 3217th FOREIGN AFFAIRS Council meeting. (PDF; 84 kB) COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION, January 17, 2013, accessed on January 17, 2013 .
  6. ↑ Thomas Wiegold: Training mission in Mali: In future to Timbuktu, mentoring excluded. In: www.augengeradeaus.net. April 13, 2016, accessed April 13, 2016 .
  7. ↑ Mali and the Sahel zone: EU steps up its measures for the security of the region - Consilium. June 20, 2017. Retrieved December 21, 2017 .
  8. ↑ a b EUTM Mali | FACTSHEET EUTM MALI. Retrieved June 27, 2020 (American English).
  9. ↑ www derbund ch, Der Bund, Tamedia Espace AG: Armed men storm EU military camp | The federal government . ISSN  0774-6156 ( derbund.ch [accessed on March 22, 2019]).
  10. ↑ HQ EUTM in mourning. (No longer available online.) In: EUTM Mali. June 20, 2017, archived from the original on September 13, 2017 ; accessed on March 14, 2020 (English).
  11. ↑ On the 18 of June EUTM MALI carried out a ceremony to honor the memory of fallen soldiers. (No longer available online.) PAO EUTM Mali, June 20, 2018, archived from the original on June 28, 2019 ; accessed on March 14, 2020 (English).
  12. ↑ Press release. (No longer available online.) EUTM Mali, February 24, 2019, archived from the original on March 22, 2019 ; accessed on March 14, 2020 (English).
  13. ^ Bundeswehr: From the mission - Mali: Attack on the multinational training camp in Koulikoro. Federal Ministry of Defense, February 24, 2019, accessed on March 14, 2020 .
  14. ↑ Youri van der Weide, Britta Sandberg, Maximilian Popp, Héni Nsaibia, Patricia Huon, Matthias Gebauer, Emmanuel Freudenthal: Military deployment in Mali: The death of the civilian population in France's eternal war. In: Der Spiegel. Retrieved July 5, 2021 .
  15. ↑ EUTM Mali | Organization. Retrieved June 27, 2020 (American English).
  16. ↑ Next German general leads EUTM Mali. (No longer available online.) January 3, 2016, archived from the original on March 4, 2016 ; accessed on March 14, 2020 .
  17. ↑ EUTM Mali: Change at the top of the training mission. (No longer available online.) In: Current missions. Bundeswehr - PAO HQ EUTM MLI, July 4, 2016, archived from the original on August 16, 2016 ; accessed on March 14, 2020 .
  18. ^ Changement de commandement à l'EUTM Mali - EUTM Mali. (No longer available online.) EUTM Mali, December 19, 2016, archived from the original on January 16, 2017 ; accessed on March 14, 2020 .
  19. ↑ On 12 July, the Belgian Brigadier General Bart Laurent new head of mission EUTM MALI. (No longer available online.) July 13, 2017, archived from the original on December 4, 2017 ; accessed on March 14, 2020 (English).
  20. ↑ EU training mission in Mali: A new, private, field hospital , on augengeradeaus.net
  21. ↑ EUTM Mali | NEW MEDICAL CAPABILITIES. Retrieved August 13, 2020 (American English).
  22. ↑ EUTM Mali | MEDICAL RESCUE READINESS. Retrieved July 5, 2020 (American English).
  23. ↑ Mali June 2013 - Present. Retrieved July 5, 2020 (American English).
  24. ↑ a b The training mission in Mali (EUTM Mali). Retrieved October 12, 2019 .
  25. ↑ request of the Federal Government: Continuation of the participation of German armed forces at the military mission of the European Union contribute to the training of the Malian armed forces (EUTM Mali) . Ed .: German Bundestag. Printed matter 19/19002. Berlin May 6, 2020.
  26. ^ Sandra Schmid: German Bundestag - Bundestag extends Bundeswehr training mission in Mali. Retrieved May 19, 2021 .
  27. ↑ Numbers of use - the strength of the German contingents. Retrieved October 12, 2019 .
  28. ^ Committees of the 18th electoral term MINUSMA and EUTM Mali. Retrieved October 12, 2019 .
  29. ^ Christian Habersatter Österreicher heads the EU mission in Mali for the first time. Retrieved October 12, 2019 .