Edgar end
Edgar Ende (born February 23, 1901 in Altona , † December 27, 1965 in Netterndorf ) was a German surrealist painter . His work is in the tradition of fantastic and visionary art and is considered to be one of the most important contributions of 20th century German painting to this style. He is the father of the writer Michael Ende , who took up his father's world of thought in his writing and created a literary monument for him in his novel Der Spiegel im Spiegel in 1983 .
Life
Childhood and youth in Altona
Edgar Karl Alfons Ende was born on February 23, 1901 as the son of Gustav and Auguste Ende in Altona. A year later, his brother Helmuth Ende († 1986) was born. 1907–1914 he attended elementary school in Altona. He then completed an apprenticeship as a decorative painter, which he completed in 1919 with the journeyman's examination. At the same time, he attended the crafts and arts and crafts school. In 1925 he joined the Altona artists' association .
At the urging of his parents, he married Gertrude Strunck in 1922, a marriage that was divorced after four years. From 1924, Edgar Ende slowly became known, he came into contact with Paul Kemp and Gustaf Gründgens . In 1927 he took part in the exhibition of contemporary European art in the Hamburger Kunsthalle and spent a long time in Berlin .
Time in Garmisch
In 1928, Ende moved to Garmisch , looking for a girl he had fallen in love with and whom her parents had supposedly brought to Garmisch to protect her from him. There he made the acquaintance of the writer Heinrich Mann in the pension “Nirwana” .
In the same year he met his second wife Luise Bartholomä (1892–1973), who owned a shop for lace and precious stones in the “Buntes Haus” in Bahnhofsstraße. Edgar Ende fled into the shop due to heavy rain, and since the rain didn't stop after the shop had closed, she is said to have started a lively conversation. Finally Luise asked him to have tea in her apartment on the first floor. So the two got to know each other better and soon Ende moved in with her. The civil wedding took place on February 22, 1929. Their son Michael Ende was born on November 12, 1929 .
Time in Munich: Nazi era and World War II
In 1931 the family moved to Munich- Obermenzing into the villa of the sculptor Josef Flossmann , today Marsopstrasse 19. The painter became a member of the Munich Secession . In the same year exhibitions took place in Munich and Stuttgart , which also made him internationally known, museums made their first purchases of his pictures. Some pictures were bought by the State of Bavaria in 1932 and in 1934 a large number of his pictures were shown for the first time at an international exhibition in Pittsburgh in the USA.
In the same year, Ende went on a trip to Italy, where he came into contact with the pittura metafisica of Giorgio de Chirico . In the years that followed, the interest in Ende's painting increased and the family's financial situation improved due to his increasing popularity. At the beginning of the Nazi era , it became more difficult for Ende to sell his paintings. In 1935 the Ende family moved to Munich-Schwabing for financial reasons, to a studio on the 4th floor at Kaulbachstrasse 90. Although the attic space was cramped and simply furnished, they lived in the middle of the lively artists' quarter and had contacts with customers and like-minded people. During a trip through Germany in 1937, Samuel Beckett visited, among other things, the Atelier vom Ende, which he described in a letter of March 25, 1937 as "the only German surrealist".
Towards the end of 1936, the Reich Chamber of Culture imposed an occupation and exhibition ban; his pictures were considered degenerate art . He went on working secretly. His wife learned gymnastics and massage and supported the family in the following years. Often, friends and colleagues from Ende, Jews and non-Jews, were picked up. Until 1938 he was still allowed to exhibit his work.
At Christmas 1940, Edgar Ende received the order to join the Wehrmacht . He was a recruit at the anti-aircraft artillery in Bonn and then a corporal in the searchlights -Bataillon 408 in Cologne-Bickendorf . Later he came to Poland on the Eastern Front . He came in 1945 in Styria Liezen in American prisoner of war , was six weeks Salzburg and then was released.
During the air raid by the Royal Air Force on April 25, 1944 , the apartment on Kaulbachstrasse burned, and with it Ende's studio . More than 250 paintings and drawings as well as all of the prints and all etching templates were destroyed. Almost 70 percent of his works were thus destroyed. Before the attack , Ernst Buchner , the general director of the Bavarian State Collections and a friend of Ende's neighbor from the Pasing years , brought some paintings to safety.
Post-war period and new successes
After the end of the war, at the end of 1946 was one of the co-founders of the professional association of Munich artists, a renewed artistic boom began. In the same year there was an exhibition at the Carnegie Institute, the first exhibition by a German painter after the war. In 1948 he published an autobiographical report and took part in the Venice Biennale for the first time . In the following year he was elected to the exhibition management of the Great Munich Art Exhibition in the Haus der Kunst . He was involved in the exhibition until 1961, three times as its president.
In 1950 he initiated the re-establishment of the German Association of Artists and the International Association of Surrealists, which existed until 1953 .
In 1951 he met Lotte Schlegel at a party in the Haus der Kunst. At that time she was an art student at a private art school. In 1953 Ende separated from his family and from then on lived with Lotte in a studio apartment on Schellingstrasse.
In 1958 he joined the Center International de l'Actualité Fantastique et Magique CIAFMA in Brussels. In 1962 he was awarded the Water Lily Prize of the City of Munich, the following year he became an honorary member of the Academy of Fine Arts in Munich . In the same year he suffered a first heart attack and spent some time in the hospital.
He then moved to Netterndorf near Munich in the countryside, where he lived in a former schoolhouse. There he died of a second heart attack on 1965. He was buried in the Antholing cemetery.
plant
In his autobiographical writings, Edgar Ende wrote:
“Modern art leads to new, never consciously entered realms. An adventure is art, an advance into the unknown, an encounter with demons and angels. "
Only a fraction of the estimated 1,200 works that were created in the course of his life have survived. Much of it was lost during World War II (see above).
Visionary art
Edgar Ende's extensive work is in the tradition of visionary art. The ideas for his pictures arise in a "darkroom" into which the painter withdraws in order to concentrate on the visions inside. For this purpose, he sometimes darkens his studio for several days and waits, sitting or lying on a sofa, until images emerge in his mind's eye. He then sketches them in pencil. However, not all of these sketches are immediately processed into pictures, but rather put aside to be used again months or years later.
Michael Ende
The writer Michael Ende (1929–1995), son of the painter, takes up the father's world of thought in various ways (see Ende / Krichbaum 1985). Edgar Ende's pictures had an unmistakably strong influence on the literary work of his son. This is particularly evident in his book Der Spiegel im Spiegel , published in 1983 , which is a collection of surrealist texts on pictures of his father, Edgar Ende, and which he dedicated to his father.
When asked about the art-historical importance of his father, Michael Ende said:
“I would like to say that, in my opinion, Edgar Ende should be accorded a rank for Central European painting that roughly corresponds to that of Magritte . Also with regard to the importance that his pictures had for the development of art at that time. Because many actually learned from him without admitting it. Some also admit it. I have z. For example , I talked to various painters from the Vienna School who said, of course, the end is our father. For example Ernst Fuchs , who knew his work very well and who greatly valued him. I talked to Fuchs personally about it one evening, and he said we all know the end, for us the end is a very important prerequisite for our own work. "
Exhibitions (selection)
| year | place | exhibition |
|---|---|---|
| 1919 | Hamburg | "Secession" |
| 1926 | Hamburg | Art Gallery |
| 1927 | Hamburg | "European contemporary art" |
| 1927 | Berlin | Gallery Neumann |
| 1931 | Munich | Glass palace |
| 1933 | new York | Carnegie Institute |
| 1934 | Pittsburgh | Carnegie International |
| 1935 | Munich | Neue Pinakothek : Anniversary exhibition Munich New Secession |
| 1938 | Chicago | Theobald Galleries |
| 1946 | Basel | Art Gallery |
| 1946 | Constancy | "New German Art" |
| 1946 | Dresden | Stadthalle: "First general German art exhibition" |
| 1947 | Munich | Lenbachhaus : “1. Exhibition Artists Association New Group " |
| 1948 | Venice | Biennial |
| 1948 | Cologne | Kölnischer Kunstverein: " Alo Altripp / Edgar Ende" |
| 1948 | Munich | Lenbachhaus: "2. Exhibition Artists Association New Group " |
| 1951 | Berlin | University of Fine Arts : “1. Exhibition of the German Association of Artists " |
| 1951 | Kiel | "German Painting of the 20th Century" |
| 1952 | Saarbrücken | Saarland Museum: "Surrealist Painting in Europe - Peinture surréaliste en Europe" |
| 1952 | Venice | Biennial |
| 1952 | Cologne | "2. Exhibition of the German Association of Artists " |
| 1952 | new York | Museum of Fine Arts |
| 1953 | Hamburg | "3. Exhibition of the German Association of Artists " |
| 1954 | Frankfurt am Main | "4. Exhibition of the German Association of Artists " |
| 1954 | Venice | Biennial |
| 1955 | Hanover | "5. Exhibition of the German Association of Artists " |
| 1955 | Baden-Baden | "6. Exhibition of the German Association of Artists " |
| 1957 | Berlin | "7th Exhibition of the German Association of Artists" |
| 1957 | Rome | Galleria d'arte moderna: "Arte Tedesca" |
| 1958 | eat | "8th. Exhibition of the German Association of Artists " |
| 1959 | Wiesbaden | "9th Exhibition of the German Association of Artists" |
| 1960 | Munich | "10. Exhibition of the German Association of Artists " |
| 1962 | Vienna | Künstlerhaus: “Surrealism. Fantastic contemporary painting " |
| 1963 | Stuttgart | "13. Exhibition of the German Association of Artists " |
| 1964 | Paris | Charpentier Gallery |
| 1966 | eat | "16. Exhibition of the German Association of Artists " |
| 1966 | Brussels | Gallery Studio 65: "Fantasmagie" |
| 1966 | Munich | House of Art : "Edgar Ende - Wilhelm Heise - Hans Meyboden" |
| 1968 | Schleswig | Gottorf Castle : "Heinrich Basedow, Edgar Ende, Franz Radziwill" |
| 1972 | Munich | House of Art: "Surrealism 1922–1942" |
| 1974 | Paris | Musée des Arts Décoratifs: "Surrealism 1922–1942" |
| 1975 | Berlin | Akademie der Künste : “When the war was over. Art in Germany 1945–1950 " |
| 1977 | Munich | House of Art: "Great Munich - Three Decades New Group" |
| 1987 | Munich | House of Art: "40 Years of the New Group" and "Degenerate Art: Documentation on the National Socialist Iconoclasm" |
| 1987 | Munich | Lenbachhaus: "Retrospective" |
| 1988 | Hamburg | Kunsthalle: "Retrospective" |
| 1988 | Berlin | Berlinische Galerie im Gropiusbau : "Stations of Modernism" |
| 1989 | Tokyo | "Edgar Ende & Michael Ende" |
| 1991 | Milan | Palazzo della Permanente: "The dream reveals the essence of things" |
| 1993 | Moscow | Pushkin Museum : "The dream reveals the essence of things" |
| 1997 | Munich | House of Art: "Great Art Exhibition - 50 Years of the New Group" |
| 2001 | Berlin | Museum Zitadelle Spandau : “The mirror in the mirror. Edgar and Michael Ende " |
| 2015/16 | Bremen | Gallery in the park : “The dream world. Sketches, drawings and paintings by Edgar Ende (1901–1965) " |
literature
Exhibition catalogs
- Alo Altripp, Edgar Ende: paintings, monotypes, drawings . Kölnischer Kunstverein, 1948
- Heinrich Basedow, Edgar Ende, Franz Radziwill . Schleswig-Holstein State Museum, Schleswig, Gottorf Castle, 1968
- Edgar Ende: paintings, gouaches and drawings . Edition Weitbrecht , Stuttgart, 1984, ISBN 3-522-70260-3
Monographs
- Michael Ende, Jörg Krichbaum: The archeology of darkness. Edition Weitbrecht, Stuttgart 1985, ISBN 3-522-70190-9
- Jörg Krichbaum (ed.): Edgar Ende: The painter of spiritual worlds, a monograph. Edition Weitbrecht, Stuttgart 1987, ISBN 3-522-70260-3
- Volker Kinnius (ed.): Edgar Ende, Visions from the Dark. The paintings of the 20s and 30s. Kerber Verlag, Bielefeld 1998, ISBN 3-933040-08-6
- Axel Hinrich Murken: Edgar Ende. His life and his work. Its position in art history in 20th century painting. Murken-Altrogge publishing house, Bonn 2001, ISBN 3-921801-94-X
- U. Voswinckel: From the Pension Nirwana to the Lenbachhaus. The painter Edgar Ende and Munich. Munich 1988
Web links
- Literature by and about Edgar Ende in the catalog of the German National Library
Individual evidence
- ↑ Birgit Dankert: Michael Ende: Captured in Fantasy . Lambert Schneider, Heidelberg 2016, ISBN 978-3-650-40122-9 , p. 15 .
- ↑ Birgit Dankert: Michael Ende: Captured in Fantasy . Lambert Schneider, Heidelberg 2016, ISBN 978-3-650-40122-9 , p. 21-22 .
- ↑ michaelende.de ( Memento of the original from September 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Michael Ende, Jörg Krichbaum : The archeology of darkness: Conversations about art and the work of the painter Edgar Ende ( online )
- ↑ a b Michael Ende, Jörg Krichbaum : The archeology of darkness: Conversations about art and the work of the painter Edgar Ende ( online )
- ↑ Birgit Dankert: Michael Ende: Captured in Fantasy . Lambert Schneider, Heidelberg 2016, ISBN 978-3-650-40122-9 , p. 15 .
- ^ Michael Ende, Jörg Krichbaum : The archeology of darkness: Conversations about art and the work of the painter Edgar Ende , books.google.de
- ↑ Sabine Reithmaier: In search of archetypes . In: Süddeutsche Zeitung . 22 August 2015, p. R18 - culture .
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | End, Edgar |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | German painter |
| DATE OF BIRTH | February 23, 1901 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Altona |
| DATE OF DEATH | December 27, 1965 |
| Place of death | Netterndorf |