Angelica

Angelica
Medicinal angelica ( Angelica archangelica )
Systematics
Euasterids II Order : Umbelliferae (Apiales) Family : Umbelliferae (Apiaceae) Subfamily : Apioideae Tribe : Selineae Genre : Angelica
Scientific name
Angelica
L.

The Engelwurzen ( Angelica ) are a genus of plants within the umbelliferae family (Apiaceae). The 100 or so species are mainly found in the temperate areas of the northern hemisphere .

description

Illustration of medicinal angelica ( Angelica archangelica )

Infructescence with fruits of the forest angelica ( Angelica sylvestris )

Appearance and leaves

Angelica species grow as perennial herbaceous plants . They form a short “rhizome” that has remains of the leaf sheaths in the upper area. The striped stem is dichotomously branched in the upper area .

The alternate arranged on the stem leaves are divided into leaf sheath, petiole and leaf blade.

Inflorescences, flowers and fruits

The terminal or lateral, double-gold inflorescences are loosely structured. There may be many bracts or they may be absent. There are many to a few rays. There are many shells, rarely missing. The calyx teeth are short or rudimentary . The mostly white, sometimes pink to purple, rarely light yellow petals are circular to obovate with a narrow inwardly curved tip.

The double achane breaks down into two partial fruits. The ellipsoidal, elongated to almost spherical partial fruit are flattened on the back and the lateral ribs are thickened and narrowly winged, with the wings pressed closely together.

Angelica atropurpurea

Angelica heterocarpa on the Loire near Nantes

Angelica lineariloba

Angelica Lucida

Marsh angelica ( Angelica palustris )

Angelica polymorpha

Forest angelica ( Angelica sylvestris )

Systematics and distribution

The genus Angelica was established in 1753 by Carl von Linné . The scope of the genus Angelica is controversial. Synonyms for Angelica L. are: Angelocarpa Rupr. , Angelophyllum Rupr. , Archangelica Wolf , Callisace Fish. ex Hoffm. , Coelopleurum Ledeb. , Czernaevia Turcz. ex Ledeb. , Epikeros Raf. , Gomphopetalum Turcz. , Ostericum Hoffm. , Physolophium Turcz. , Porphyroscias Miq.

The approximately 100 species thrive mainly in the temperate areas of the northern hemisphere in Eurasia , North America and a few species also in Africa. About 24 species occur in North America. 45 species occur in China , 32 of them only there.

There are around 100 species of Angelica (selection):

• Angelica acutiloba (Sieb. & Zucc.) Kitag. (Syn .: Ligusticum acutilobum Sieb. & Zucc. ): It occurs only on the Japanese islands of Hokkaidō and Honshu .
• Angelica adzharica Pimenov : The homeland is Azerbaijan and Georgia .
• Angelica ampla A. Nelson : It occurs in the US states of Colorado , Wyoming and New Mexico.
• Angelica amurensis Schischk. : It is common in Japan , Korea , Russia's Far East, and the Chinese provinces of Heilongjiang , Jilin , Liaoning and the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.
• Angelica angelicastrum (Hoffmanns. & Link) Cout. (Syn .: Selinum angelicastrum Hoffmanns. & Link ): The home is the Serra de Estrela in Portugal .
• Angelica anomala Avé-Lall. : It is common in East Asia , Siberia , Japan and Korea and in the Chinese provinces of Heilongjiang , Jilin and the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.
• Angelica apaensis R.H. Shan & CQYuan : It thrives at altitudes of 3000 to 4000 meters in Sichuan and in the Tibet Autonomous Region .
• Medicinal angelica ( Angelica archangelica L. , Syn .: Angelica officinalis Moench , Angelica sativa Mill. , Archangelica officinalis (Moench) Hoffm. , Angelica litoralis Fr. ) :, it is distributed in Eurasia with about two subspecies .
• Angelica arguta Nutt. ex Torr. & A.Gray : It is found in the Canadian provinces of southwest Alberta and British Columbia and in the western US states of Idaho , western Montana , Oregon , Washington , Wyoming and northern California .
• Angelica atropurpurea L. (Syn .: Archangelica atropurpurea (L.) Hoffm. ): It is widespread in North America.
• Angelica balangshanensis R.H. Shan & FTPu : This endemic thrives at altitudes of around 3500 meters only in the Balang Mountains , where the borders of the three districts of Xiaojin , Wenchuan and Baoxing meetin western Sichuan .
• Angelica biserrata (RHShan & CQYuan) CQYuan & RHShan : It thrives at altitudes of 1000 to 1700 meters in the Chinese provinces of Anhui , Hubei , Jiangxi , Sichuan and Zhejiang .
• Angelica brevicaulis (Rupr.) B. Fedsch. (Syn .: Angelica songarica Regel & Schmalh. , Archangelica songarica (Regel & Schmalh.) Lipsky ex Paulsen ): It iswidespreadin Central Asia and in the Chinese Xinjiang .
• Angelica breweri A.Gray : The home is California .
• Angelica cartilaginomarginata (Makino ex Y.Yabe) Nakai (Syn .: Peucedanum cartilaginomarginatum Makino ex Y.Yabe ): It is common in China, Japan and Korea.
• Angelica cincta H.Boissieu : It occurs in the Chinese province of Hubei.
• Angelica czernaevia (Fish. & CAMey.) Kitag. (Syn .: Conioselinum czernaevia Fisch. & CAMey. , Czernaevia laevigata Turcz. ): It is common in Siberia , Russia's Far East, Korea and China.
• Siberian angelica ( Angelica dahurica (Hoffm.) Benth. & Hook. F. Ex Franch. & Sav. , Syn .: Angelica porphyrocaulis Nakai & Kitag. , Callisace dahurica Hoffm. ): It is widespread in Asia.
• Angelica dawsonii S. Watson : It is common in British Columbia, Alberta, Idaho, and Montana.
• Angelica decurrens (Ledeb.) B. Fedsch. (Syn .: Archangelica decurrens Ledeb. ): It iswidespreadin Central Asia, Siberia and Mongolia .
• Angelica decursiva (Miq.) Franch. & Sav. (Syn .: Peucedanum decursivum (Miq.) Maxim. , Porphyroscias decursiva Miq. ): It is widespread in Vietnam, China, Japan and Korea.
• Angelica Genuflexa Nutt. ex Torr. & A.Gray (Syn .: Angelica refracta Schmidt ): It iswidespreadin the northern hemisphere in North America, Russia's Far East , in the Chinese province of Liaoning and in Japan.
• Angelica gigas Nakai : The home is China and Korea.
• Angelica glauca Edgew. : It is common in Afghanistan, Pakistan, India and the Tibet Autonomous Region .
• Angelica gmelinii (DC.) Pimenov (Syn .: Archangelica gmelinii DC. , Coelopleurum gmelinii (DC.) Ledeb. ): It occurs from the Japanese island of Hokkaidō to Russia's Far East .
• Angelica hendersonii J.M.Coult. & Rose : It is common in North America.
• Angelica heterocarpa Jn.Lloyd : The home is southwestern France.
• Angelica japonica A.Gray : It is common on the Japanese islands of Honshu , Kyushu , Shikoku and the Ryūkyū Islands .
• Angelica keiskei (Miq.) Koidz. (Syn .: Archangelica keiskei Miq. ): The home is Japan (Honshu).
• Angelica kingii J.M. Coult. & Rose : It is common in North America.
• Angelica laevis J. Gay ex Avé-Lall. : The home is the Iberian Peninsula .
• Angelica laxifoliata Diels (Syn .: Angelica erythrocarpa H.Wolff ): It thrives on grassy slopes at altitudes of 2300 to 3000 meters in the Chinese provinces of Gansu, Shaanxi and Sichuan.
• Angelica lignescens Reduron & Danton : It occurs in the Azores.
• Angelica lineariloba A.Gray : The home is California and Nevada.
• Angelica lucida L .: It is common in North America.
• Angelica major Lag . : It occurs in Portugal and Spain.
• Angelica pachycarpa Lange : The home is the Iberian Peninsula and she is a neophyte in New Zealand, Tasmania and on the island of Guernsey.
• Marsh angelica ( Angelica palustris (Besser) Hoffm. , Syn .: Ostericum palustre Besser ): It is widespread in Eastern and Central Europe, in Western and Central Asia and in Siberia.
• Angelica pinnata S. Watson : It is distributed in the western to central US states of Colorado, eastern Idaho, western Montana, Wyoming, New Mexico, northern Arizona and Utah.
• Angelica polymorpha Maxim. : It is common in China, Japan and Korea.
• Angelica pubescens Maxim. : It occurs on the Japanese islands of Honshu , Kyushu and Shikoku .
• Angelica purpurascens (Avé-Lall.) Gilli : It occurs in Turkey, Georgia, Armenia and Azerbaijan.
• Pyrenean Silge ( Angelica pyrenaea (L.) Spreng. , Syn .: Selinum pyrenaeum (L.) Gouan ): It occurs only in Spain and France.
• Angelica razulii Gouan : The home is Spain, Andorra and France.
• Angelica sachalinensis Maxim. : She is endemic to Sakhalin .
• Angelica sachokiana (Karjagin) Pimenov & VN Tikhom. : It occurs in Azerbaijan.
• Angelica scabrida Clokey & Mathias : She is endemic to Nevada.
• Chinese angelica ( Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels ; Syn .: Angelica polymorpha var. Sinensis Oliv. ): It thrives with two varieties at altitudes of 2500 to 3000 meters in the Chinese provinces of Gansu, Hubei, Shaanxi, Sichuan and Yunnan.
• Forest angelica ( Angelica sylvestris L. ): It is widespread in Eurasia.
• Angelica tarokoensis Hayata : It thrives on slopes at altitudes of 400 to 2000 meters only in Taiwan .
• Angelica Tatianae Bordz. : It occurs in Armenia, Georgia and the Caucasus.
• Angelica tenuisecta (Makino) Makino (Syn .: Angelica furcijuga . Kitag , Angelica mayebarana .. (Koidz) Kitag , Peucedanum mayebaranum Koidz. , Angelica shikokiana var. Tenuisecta Makino ): It comes with three varieties come in Japan only on the Kii- Honshus Peninsulaand Kyushu .
• Angelica ternata Regel & Schmalhausen : It is common in Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia and Xinjiang.
• Angelica tianmuensis Z.H. Pan & TDZhuang : This endemic thrives in forests at altitudes of around 1100 meters only in the Tianmu Mountains in the northwest of the Chinese province of Zhejiang .
• Angelica tomentosa S. Watson : It occurs in the western US states of southwestern Oregon and western California .
• Angelica tsinlingensis K.T.Fu : It only thrives at altitudes of 1200 to 2300 meters in the Chinese provinces of Gansu and Shaanxi.
• Angelica ursina (Rupr.) Maxim. (Syn .: Angelophyllum ursinum Rupr. ): It occurs from the Japanese islands of Hokkaidō and northern Honshu to Russia's Far East .
• Angelica valida Diels : It only thrives in Chongqing, China, at altitudes of 1000 to 1800 meters.
• Angelica venenosa (Greenway) Fernald : It is common in the eastern to central United States.

literature

• Menglan She, Fading Pu, Zehui Pan, Mark Watson, John FM Cannon, Ingrid Holmes-Smith, Eugene V. Kljuykov, Loy R. Phillippe, Michael G. Pimenov: Apiaceae. in der Flora of China , Volume 14, 2005, p. 1: Angelica , Archangelica and Czernaevia - the same text online as the printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi & Peter H. Raven (Eds.): Flora of China , Volume 14 - Apiaceae through Ericaceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 2005. ISBN 1-930723-41-5 (Description and Distribution Sections)
• VS Shneyer, NG Kutyavina, MG Pimenov: Systematic relationships within and between Peucedanum and Angelica (Umbelliferae-Peucedaneae) inferred from immunological studies of seed proteins , In: Plant Systematics and Evolution , Volume 236, 2003, pp. 175-194.

Web links

Commons : Engelwurzen ( Angelica )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao} Angelica in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN ), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
2. ↑ United States Department of Agriculture Natural Resources Conservation Service (English) . Retrieved July 6, 2011.
3. ↑ Flora of USA and Canada . Retrieved July 16, 2011.
4. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h i j k l m n} Menglan She, Fading Pu, Zehui Pan, Mark Watson, John FM Cannon, Ingrid Holmes-Smith, Eugene V. Kljuykov, Loy R. Phillippe, Michael G. Pimenov : Apiaceae. in der Flora of China , Volume 14, 2005, p. 1: Angelica , Archangelica and Czernaevia - the same text online as the printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi & Peter H. Raven (Eds.): Flora of China , Volume 14 - Apiaceae through Ericaceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 2005. ISBN 1-930723-41-5
5. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h} JFM Cannon: Umbelliferae . In: Thomas Gaskell Tutin , VH Heywood, NA Burges, DM Moore, DH Valentine, SM Walters, DA Webb (eds.): Flora Europaea . tape 2 . Cambridge University Press, 1968, ISBN 0-521-06662-X , pp. 357-358 ( Angelica LS 357-358 in the Google book search).
6. ↑ ^{a b c d e} Ralf Hand (2011): Apiaceae. - In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. Data sheet Angelica

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