Erbeskopf
| Erbeskopf | ||
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 Erbeskopf from the north-northwest |
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| height | 816.32 m above sea level NHN | |
| location | Districts of Bernkastel-Wittlich and Birkenfeld ; Rhineland-Palatinate , Germany | |
| Mountains | Hunsrück | |
| Dominance | 111.5 km → Kleiner Feldberg | |
| Notch height | 571 m ↓ Bruchhof , Homburg | |
| Coordinates | 49 ° 43 '50 " N , 7 ° 5' 26" E | |
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| particularities | highest mountain in the Hunsrück and Rhineland-Palatinate - Erbeskopfturm ( AT ) - Sculpture Windklang ( AP ) |
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The Erbeskopf in the districts of Bernkastel-Wittlich and Birkenfeld is 816.32 m above sea level. NHN the highest mountain in the Hunsrück , in the district of Bernkastel-Wittlich and in the state of Rhineland-Palatinate , also the highest point in Germany on the left of the Rhine .
geography
location
The Erbeskopf in the Saar-Hunsrück Nature Park is located in the south-west of the Hunsrück and its Idarwald mountain range , to which it naturally belongs, near the seam line to the Black Forest high forest , to which it belongs morphologically . Its largest part with its summit belongs to the local community Hilscheid in the district of Bernkastel-Wittlich, the rest to Allenbach in the district of Birkenfeld. The north-eastern neighboring mountain, also in the Idarwald, is the Kahlheid ( 766 m ).
Waters
Northeast beneath the continental Erbeskopf massif sand head and south of the Kahlheid springs from Idarbach , southeast of the Heritage head in the nature reserve Thranenbruch the Thranenbach as source stream of the Traun Bach , beneath the continental mountain jumping head of Hohltriefbach as a tributary of the north-west of Mount swelling Röder Bach and north of Simm as a tributary of the Schalesbach .
Mountain height and surroundings
In 2008 the height of the Erbeskopf was re- measured by the State Office for Surveying and Geo-Base Information in Rhineland-Palatinate ; by means of two independent measurements, a height of 816.32 m each was determined.
Secondary peaks with height in meters (m) above mean sea level (NHN):
- Sandkopf ( 807.3 m ), approx. 0.6 km northeast of the Erbeskopf
- Springenkopf ( 784.2 m ), approx. 1.7 km southwest of the Erbeskopf
- Viehauskopf ( 720.7 m ), approx. 1.3 km southwest of the Springenkopf
- Hohltriefberg ( 680.6 m ), approx. 0.8 km southwest of the Viehauskopf
climate
The Erbeskopf is characterized by a harsh oceanic climate due to its height and its exposed location protruding above the Hunsrück plateau .
The winters on the Erbeskopf are milder than in the low mountain ranges further to the east, but due to the high rainfall, especially in the winter half-year, they are still quite snowy for many years, even in times of advancing climate change. On average you can expect a closed snow cover on the summit for about 80 days, which can be up to one meter high in snowy winters.
The summers on the Erbeskopf are rather cool, but due to the altitude and an often constantly blowing wind, the climatic conditions on the summit are much more pleasant on hot summer days than in the neighboring, very warm valley and basin landscapes of the Rhine and Moselle. With a rather cool annual average temperature of 5 ° C to 6 ° C, there is a healthy, stimulating climate on the Erbeskopf. How cool it can be in summer can be seen in a Rascheider school chronicle. After that, even on July 2, 1907, the Erbeskopf reported snowfall.
The annual total rainfall on the Erbeskopf is around 1,100 liters per m² on average, which is spread over an average of 200 days of rainfall per year. The highest amounts of precipitation are to be expected in midsummer, often in the form of thunderstorms, and in the winter months. For more than 200 days a year, the summit of the Erbeskopf is at least temporarily shrouded in clouds, and there is fog with a visibility of less than 1000 meters.
history
During a maneuver in 1892, engineer soldiers erected a wooden observation tower. The Association for the Moselle, Hochwald and Hunsrück (today the Hunsrück Association ) decided in 1894 to build a stone Kaiser Wilhelm Tower . The 24 m high tower was inaugurated in 1901, 111 steps led up to the viewing platform. A kiosk was added to the tower entrance in 1933 and a climate measuring station was set up high above.
At the end of August 1939, the tower was closed to civilian users, raised three floors and equipped with military radio systems. It then served as a radio transmission center for a directional beam link from Berlin to the Atlantic coast. The climate station became a weather station.
American troops occupied the Erbeskopf on March 17, 1945. They expanded military use considerably and monitored all military air traffic deep into the territory of what was then the Soviet Union. Three large radar towers and the "Bunker Erwin" built after 1960 under the southern slope of the Erbeskopf with the war headquarters in Central Europe served NATO as a multinational battlefield during the Cold War . The Kaiser Wilhelm Tower was blown up on August 18, 1961 because it obstructed the military radar panorama.
Outside the restricted area, the 11 m high wooden Erbeskopf observation tower ( Erbeskopfturm ) was built in 1971 . The tower is a wooden structure with three platforms. The view, restricted by trees, extends partly as far as the Eifel .
In the course of the political detente between NATO and the so-called Eastern Bloc states, the importance of eavesdropping devices and electronic alarm systems on the Erbeskopf quickly declined. Half a century after the end of World War II, US troops withdrew. As a result, the Bundeswehr took over the operation of the radar system .
Until August 2004 the summit plateau was a heavily fenced off restricted area. Since the barbed wire was removed, most of the summit is freely accessible again.
For centuries, the Erbeskopf was crowned by a peak of mighty beech trees . In earlier years it was also referred to as the "Sacred Grove", although there is nothing to suggest that it was once a place of worship. After the Kaiser Wilhelm Tower was blown up and large-scale clearing, sparse remains only retain a faint impression of the original nature.
In 2011 the summit plateau was extensively redesigned. The conversion project initiated by the “Winter Sports, Nature and Environmental Education Center Erbeskopf” as the client after the partial abandonment of the military use of the site amounted to a sum of 800,000 euros, of which the state promised to take over 554,000 euros. The previous ideas competition “Use and design of the Erbeskopf summit” with 29 participants was won by the sculptor Christoph Mancke in cooperation with the landscape architects Ernst and Partner, Trier, who realized the landscaping restoration of the Erbeskopf summit. Mancke's walk-through sculpture entitled Windklang not only offers an excellent view towards the northern side of the valley (ski slope), it is also visible from afar as a landmark . Another, ground-level object, summit heads of the region on the plateau, was created by the landscape architects Ernst und Partner .
There is a leisure and winter sports center on the Erbeskopf. There are three ski lifts in operation in winter and a summer toboggan run in the warm season . The record with 88 days of lift (= ski days) was in the 2005/2006 winter season. In summer, the ski slope is used as a section of the Erbeskopf Mountain Bike Marathon . The Saar-Hunsrück-Steig has connected the Erbeskopf on its stage from Börfink to Morbach since 2007 .
The Hunsrückhaus at the north-west foot of the mountain enjoys supraregional importance as an environmental education center. It offers, among other things, an interactive exhibition on the nature of the Hunsrück, a forest playground, a sensory path, a climate measurement garden, an environmental laboratory and a conference room with modern media technology.
Specialty
In the past, a path led from the Thalfang mark into the Birkenfelder Land . At the highest point of the path, very close to the Erbeskopf summit, the travelers used to say a prayer. There the inscription Gottlob is carved on a memorial stone .
On April 29, 2012, the newly designed summit plateau and a sculpture path were opened. The six works of art in addition to the wind sound could be seen at least until September 15, 2012. At the moment (October 2019) there are still four available.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c Article How high is the inheritance head really? - Press release ( Memento of March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 145 kB) of the Rhineland-Palatinate State Office for Surveying and Geospatial Information from January 17, 2008 on lvermgeo.rlp.de (accessed on January 31 and February 1, 2013 )
- ↑ Prominenzen ( Memento from October 19, 2014 in the Internet Archive ), on highrisepages.de
- ↑ Map service of the landscape information system of the Rhineland-Palatinate nature conservation administration (LANIS map) ( notes )
- ↑ Jörg Peter Steinmetz: Weather and climate page from Osburg / Hochwald , private website, on osburgwetter.de
- ^ German Weather Service, Rhineland-Palatinate Climate Atlas, Bad Kissingen 1957
- ↑ Kurt Bach: The Erbeskopf, landmark of the Hunsrück , Zweckverband Wintersport-, Natur- und Umweltbildungsstätte Erbeskopf, 155 p., December 2000, ISBN 978-3-00-006042-7
- ↑ Marion Maier: The Sky Guardians from Erbeskopf , Trierischer Volksfreund , November 16, 2011, on volksfreund.de
- ↑ Summit art: Completely detached from the earth , from May 20, 2011, on volksfreund.de
- ↑ Christoph Mancke: Sculpture "Windklang" , Erbeskopfgipfel in the Hunsrück, on mancke.de
- ↑ As if the hikers were floating in the middle of the Hunsrück landscape , from February 5, 2010, accessed on August 9, 2013, on volksfreund.de
- ↑ Erbeskopf: Ideas Competition Takes Form , July 23, 2007, accessed on August 9, 2013, on volksfreund.de
- ↑ SWR TV RP, “Our Weather” broadcast on March 9, 2010
- ^ Saar-Hunsrück-Steig, 10th stage , tour planner Rhineland-Palatinate, accessed on December 16, 2014, on outdooractive.com
Web links
- Verbandsgemeinde Thalfang am Erbeskopf , on erbeskopf.de
- Rhineland-Palatinate / Saarland - station readings and 4-day forecast , weather stations, on wetterstations.meteomedia.de