Eschweiler-Südstadt
The southern city center is the southern part of the city center of the city of Eschweiler in the city region of Aachen . It is bordered in the north by the Inde and Eschweiler old town , in the east by "Bergrather Straße", in the south by the valley railway line and "Talstraße" and in the west by the "Langwahn". As a result of their expansion, Eschweiler-Mitte and the Röthgen district were seamlessly connected to one another. Although the old town and the southern part of the town date from different centuries and are clearly separated by the “Indestrasse ( B 264 )” / Inde axis , they both count together as a single town center.
construction
The course of the street in the "southern inner city" is almost like a chessboard with crossroads at right angles. The east-west running streets (for example “Englerthstrasse”, “Josefstrasse”, “Uferstrasse” and the eastern “Kaiserstrasse”) were mostly laid out parallel to the Inde, few in contrast exactly in east-west direction (for example “Marienstraße” and the western one "Kaiserstraße"). The north-south running ones also have two different orientations: While some are in a strict north-south direction (for example "Dechant-Deckers-Strasse", "Franzstrasse", "Rosenallee", "Moltkestrasse", lower "Hompeschstrasse") ), the others are perpendicular to the Indebett (for example “Grabenstraße”, “Neustraße”, upper “Hompeschstraße”, “Arndtstraße”), which results in not only right angles at the intersections in the district, but also 45 ° angles.
In the southern inner city there are mainly buildings from the late 19th and early 20th century of the Wilhelminian era and partly from Art Nouveau . Many buildings were demolished in the course of the radical modernization of the 1960s: the Schützenhalle (built in 1900, demolished in 1957), the Reichsbank branch (built in 1899, demolished in 1964), the main building of Eschweiler Burg (demolished in 1967), an elementary school (built in 1866, demolished 1974), the bathing and washing facility in Kaiserstraße (built in 1898, demolished in 1979) and the administration building on Grabenstraße (built in 1878, demolished in 1980).
The city garden was repeatedly made smaller - through the construction of a parking lot, a shopping center and in 2004 through the 212-space city car park. The bandstand there was inaugurated with a concert on May 23, 1964, but demolished again on September 6, 1980.
history
Start of development
The oldest remaining structures are the three towers of Eschweiler Castle. The oldest street name is "Langwahn" from the 17th century. The first wooden driving bridge was built in October 1821 at the point where the Langwahn crosses the Inde and where the modern, four-lane bridge is located today, which was opened to traffic on November 10, 1978. In 1832 the pedestrian bridge on "Kochsgasse" - popularly "Wurstbrückchen" ( dialect : Wueschbröggelsche) - was built.
The construction of the new Eschweiler district south of the Inde began in 1856. A 60- acre site was developed, and the first new streets were called “Marienstraße”, “Burgstraße”, “Neustraße” and “Neugrabenstraße”. The latter is the straight extension of “Grabenstrasse” in the old town. The brothers Franz and Joseph Rosen played a decisive role in the construction of the new, southern inner city .
In 1858 Eschweiler received the Prussian town charter and the hospital moved into Eschweiler Castle. As the first public, representative building in the new southern part of the city, the valley station on the valley railway line was inaugurated on July 1, 1873 . In 1876 the evangelical parsonage was built in the southern “Neustraße” (today: “Moltkestraße”), in 1877 the post office was moved to “Neugrabenstraße”, in October 1878 the grammar school in the Grabenstraße was inaugurated, and in 1881 at the corner of “Rosenallee” / “Marienstraße” a new one District court building erected, in 1891 the synagogue in the southern “Neustraße” (today: “Moltkestraße”) moved, in 1892 a hundred meters away the Protestant church inaugurated, in 1895 the agricultural winter school for the districts of Aachen and Jülich opened, in 1898 as the first washing facility of the Aachen district, the bathing and washing facility was built and the Reichsbank branch opened in 1899.
Second construction phase
In 1899, the final expansion of the southern and eastern parts of this district begins in a second construction phase and the area around "verbindstrasse "(today:" Bismarckstrasse ") and" Kaiserallee "(today:" Kaiserstrasse ") is developed. At the same time, building work will begin in the old town north of “Dürener Strasse”: “Peter-Paul-Strasse”, “Parkstrasse”, “Gartenstrasse” and “Kolpingstrasse”. In 1902, when Eschweiler had around 22,000 residents, Ludwig Carbyn became mayor. During his term of office, which lasted until October 1910, another wave of public and representative buildings fell - also in the southern inner city: Easter 1905 the first Abitur examination of the city of Eschweiler and the district of Aachen took place in "Grabenstrasse". On January 10, 1907, the new building for the Eschweiler District Court was opened in "Kaiserstraße". In 1909 the Reichsbank building and the municipal public library are opened. On October 4, 1910, the war memorial in "Moltkestrasse" was inaugurated with the participation of 70 clubs. It had to give way to a small parking lot on November 20, 1964 as part of the road redesign.
In 1916 the post and telegraph office at the corner of “Rosenallee” / “Kaiserstraße” was moved to, after it was opened in 1833 at the corner of “Hehlrather Straße” / “Poststraße” (since 1933: “Jülicher Straße”) and in 1877 at the bridge “Grabenstraße” (later cinema “ Primus-Palast an der Inde ”, today a department store) was. The high school is also moving. In 1916 and 1920, city administration offices moved into his building on “Grabenstrasse”. Over the years, the building became so dilapidated that it was demolished in 1980. For the first time in Eschweiler there is a major citizens' initiative against the demolition of a historic building, partly supported by the recently founded city association of the Greens , but unsuccessful. The new building made of red brick and concrete with apartments, doctor's surgeries and shops is occupied in December 1984 and is named "Rathausresidenz", and the former schoolyard with its row of trees is preserved as a small square, where the "Eschweiler Narrenbrunnen" (or "Carnival Fountain") and inaugurated on November 10, 1985.
Weimar Republic and World War II
On October 16, 1923, the green-white-red flag of the Rhenish Republic was hoisted by separatists on the “Neustraße 43” building and an advertising office was opened in the building. A week later, the republic is proclaimed in Aachen and a coup in Eschweiler. Another week later, the Belgian occupation forces expelled the separatists.
At the corner of “Englerthstrasse” and “Grabenstrasse” there is a four- story Bauhaus- style building from the 1930s, originally the “Breuer” department store. It was restored in 2006 and has since housed a retirement home and two shops. In 1934 the fire department depot was inaugurated in the "Rosenallee" opposite the main post office.
During the Second World War, the southern inner city was also badly hit. On September 16, 1944, all bridges - except for the pedestrian bridges "Kochsgasse" (sausage bridge) and "Schlachthof / Patternhof" - were blown up. On October 27, the Protestant church on “Moltkestrasse” burned down, as did the east side of “Grabenstrasse” and “Rosenallee”, the “Grabenstrasse” city savings bank building and the “Primus-Palast” cinema. On December 5, 1944 the city center was evacuated by the civilian population on the orders of the Americans and the St. Antonius Hospital was confiscated. The civilians are housed in the Röthgen district and the valley railway line is set as the border. There are countless looting in the city center. The first clean-up work by conscripts did not begin until May 1945, and one of three temporary bridges was built on Langwahn. As the first of the destroyed bridges, the Indebrücke “Grabenstrasse” was opened to traffic on December 11, 1948.
Demolition and modernization
January 1956, with the demolition of the Thyssen wire factory on “Mühlenstraße” (today: western “Indestraße”), the starting signal for an unprecedented wave of demolition and modernization in downtown Eschweiler. From March 1957 the Schützenhalle (today: Sparkasse, inaugurated on April 18, 1959) and the residential buildings except for the Faensen-Villa (house no. 7, first city library, then art collection, today city retirement home) are on the south side of "Marienstraße" demolished, on November 20, 1964 also the local war memorial. The groundbreaking ceremony for the Inderegulierung is on April 24th, 1961, for the work of urban redevelopment and the four-lane expansion of the "Indestrasse" in March 1966. The demolition of several streets lasts from September 1970 to November 1973, and during April 1974 the church was excavated from Fronhoven , other excavators are working in the old town and “An der Glocke”. The Eschweiler castle will be demolished except for three towers and the isolation of 1937; its landmark, the “Kaffemöll”, fell on March 2, 1968. In May 1968, parking lots replaced two historic buildings: the state central bank branch in “Englerthstrasse” and the Schützenhalle in “Marienstraße”. Completion of Inderegulierung after 18 years with around 9 million Deutschmark cost is on 5 December 1979th
Pedestrian zones and cultural center
On November 16, 1974, the lower “Grabenstrasse” and the eastern “Englerthstrasse” opened as the first pedestrian zone in the Aachen district, and on September 24th, 1979 also the “Neustrasse”. In 2006 the entire pedestrian zone will be completely redesigned.
On May 22, 1983, passenger operations on the valley railway line ceased and the valley railway station lost its function. There was a fountain with a roundabout in front of him, the fire station was on the corner, and a small bus station diagonally opposite . Since November 19, 1994, the station has been used as a bistro and cabaret with over 100 events per year by the “Cabaret Initiative Euregio”. Since 2004 trains of the Euregiobahn have stopped here again , and in 2006 the small bus station was rebuilt.
On November 9, 1988, the memorial stone to the synagogue that was destroyed in 1938 was inaugurated in front of the Protestant church in “Moltkestrasse”. On August 26, 1989, the local school building of the "Winter School of the Aachen District" from 1895 had to give way to a modern residential building.
On March 2, 1995, the new shopping center with a fashion store opened at the location of the “Marienstraße” car park, and in 2005 the remaining parking space was replaced by the “StadtParkhaus”. The restored Evangelical Trinity Church will be inaugurated on July 9, 1995 and its newly designed and traffic-calmed forecourt will be completed in 2011. In 1996, the Eschweiler Adult Education Center moved into the new building next to the district court on the " Anna-Klöcker -Anlage".
Monuments
The southern inner city is the district with the most monuments: the Einhard monument (handed over on October 31, 1990) and the memorial with the inscription “The dead warn - keep peace” in the city garden, until 2008 the carnival fountain in front of the town hall residence , the Carbyn - Monument in the park at the valley station (erected on November 22, 1950), the monuments at the StadtParkhaus Kaiserstraße, the Stuchlik monument on Uferstraße and on the Neustraße bridge, as well as two monuments in the entrance area of the St. Antonius Hospital .
Cinemas
The first Eschweiler cinema was opened by Bernhard Fischer in the autumn of 1907 in the restaurant “Zur Petsch” on the corner of “Marienstraße” and “Neustraße”; this later becomes the "Apollo Theater", which reopened in November 1945, rebuilt in September 1955 with 586 seats and closed in the mid-1990s; Today there is a bookshop in the cinema and a restaurant (Kulturcafe) in the entrance area. Further cinemas opened in the old town in 1919 and 1949. On September 4, 1928, the “Primus-Palast” opens in “Englerthstrasse” and on March 7, 1957, the “Capitol-Theater” with 682 seats in “Marienstraße”. After the "Primus-Palast", which opened in 1928, burned out in 1944 and was makeshiftly restored in June 1947 as "Primus in the Schützenhalle", it opened on March 5th, 1953 with 777 seats as the "Primus-Palast an der Inde" in the "Grabenstrasse". It closes on October 12, 1963 and a supermarket is housed in the building. Later the "Primus-Palast" takes over the building of the "Capitol-Theater", where it still exists today as the last cinema in Eschweiler.
Street names
Almost all of the streets in the southern inner city have had more than one name since they were opened. The "Marienstraße" was named after the protection of the Mother of God Maria in 1861, as was the "Neustraße", which was first called "Gesundheitstraße"; its southern half was renamed "Moltkestrasse" in 1910. "Burgstrasse" was renamed "Englerthstrasse" in 1897, "Neugrabenstrasse" in 1883 into "Grabenstrasse", analogous to the northern course of the road. The city council's resolution to name the "Rosenallee" also dates from 1883; only during the Nazi era was it called "Adolf-Hitler-Strasse". In 1883 the name “Link Road” was decided, but in 1933 it was renamed “Bismarck Road”. Also in 1883 the little street “An der Glocke” was named after the Brück brewery there, because the bell was rung there when fresh beer was brewed. And since 1883 the border road between the southern city center and Röthgen along the valley railway line was called "Bahnstraße", but in 1898 it was renamed "Talstraße". There was also an elementary school there from 1866 to July 22, 1974. Until 1905 the "Josefstraße" was called "Violengasse" and the "Kaiserstraße" was called "Kaiserallee", and in 1905 the "Franzstraße" was also named. The “Uferstraße” was called “Am Ufer” from 1861 until the beginning of the 1880s, previously “ Balaklavastraße ”. In 1898 the “Hompeschstraße” got its name, but from 1941 until the end of the war it was called “Rudolf-Neubrand-Straße” in memory of the Eschweiler Knight's Cross, who died in World War II . Today's “ Martin-Luther- Strasse” was called “Demmerstrasse” from 1925 to 1966 after the first Protestant pastor in Eschweiler-Mitte.
Curiosities
Although the northern part of "Grabenstrasse" is the much older part and the southern section - today the pedestrian zone - was not opened until the middle of the 19th century, the Eschweilers call the northern part "extended Grabenstrasse".
The memorial with the inscription "The dead call - keep peace" in the city garden is the remaining base of the war memorial from 1910 that was demolished in 1964.
From the 1964 demolished Reichsbank branch in "Englerthstrasse" a 1 meter high section of the wall was left as a souvenir.
The rectangle “Neu- / Marien- / Graben- / Englerthstraße” is popularly known as “Rennbahn”, because until the 1960s, girls went in one direction and boys in the other direction around the block to watch their bride, partly motorized. The “Apollo Theater” cinema was often the meeting point.
The administration building in “Grabenstrasse”, which was demolished on June 10, 1980, was so dilapidated that exactly two people were only allowed to stand on the balcony once every year on Weiberfastnacht : the mayor and the carnival prince at the handover of the town hall.
Two stone street signs remind that the “Neustraße” was originally called “Gesundheitstraße” and the “Uferstraße” was originally called “Balaklavastraße”. In the present-day Ukrainian city of Balaklava , the Battle of Balaklava against Russia , which was victorious for the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, took place in the Crimean War in 1854 . And in the “Gesundheitstrasse” a coffee roastery produced “Gesundheitskaffee”. In 2004 an indoor terrace was built on this corner ; until 1973 there were houses there.
traffic
Numerous bus routes run through the two axes "Franzstraße - Dechant-Deckers-Straße" and "Marienstraße - Martin-Luther-Straße", which also serve the Euregiobahn stop "Eschweiler Talbahnhof / Raiffeisenstraße". Eschweiler Central Station is 10 to 15 minutes' walk from the southern city center and the bus station is located at the north-western tip.
See also
- List of architectural monuments in Eschweiler
- List of bridges in Eschweiler
- List of streets in Eschweiler
- History of the city of Eschweiler
Overview image
Existing city districts and city districts
1 Altstadt / Klee Oepe / Südstadt / West | 2 East / Vöckelsberg | 3 Röthgen | 4 Röhe | 5 St. Jöris | 6 Kinzweiler | 7 Hehlrath | 8 Dürwiss | 9 Neu-Lohn / Fronhoven | 10 Weisweiler / Hü Hügel / Wilhelmshöhe | 11 Nothberg | 12 Bergrath / Bohl / Volkenrath | 13 Hastenrath / Scherpenseel | 14 Stich / settlement Jägerspfad | 15 Pump / floodplain / forest school settlement
Former districts of
Erberich |
Langendorf |
Laurenzberg |
Wages |
Turk |
Pützlohn |
Velau
Coordinates: 50 ° 49 ' N , 6 ° 16' E